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Author : L. B. Engle
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Energy and Time Dependence of Delayed Gammas from Fission written by L. B. Engle and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James Griffin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Beta Decays and Delayed Gammas from Fission Fragments written by James Griffin and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (925 download)
Download or read book Delayed Fission Gamma-ray Characteristics of Th-232 U-233 U-235 U-238 and Pu-239 written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Delayed fission gamma-rays play an important role in determining the time dependent ioniz- ing dose for experiments in the central irradiation cavity of the Annular Core Research Reactor (ACRR). Delayed gamma-rays are produced from both fission product decay and from acti- vation of materials in the core, such as cladding and support structures. Knowing both the delayed gamma-ray emission rate and the time-dependent gamma-ray energy spectrum is nec- essary in order to properly determine the dose contributions from delayed fission gamma-rays. This information is especially important when attempting to deconvolute the time-dependent neutron, prompt gamma-ray, and delayed gamma-ray contribution to the response of a diamond photo-conducting diode (PCD) or fission chamber in time frames of milliseconds to seconds following a reactor pulse. This work focused on investigating delayed gamma-ray character- istics produced from fission products from thermal, fast, and high energy fission of Th-232, U-233, U-235, U-238, and Pu-239. This work uses a modified version of CINDER2008, a transmutation code developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory, to model time and energy dependent photon characteristics due to fission. This modified code adds the capability to track photon-induced transmutations, photo-fission, and the subsequent radiation caused by fission products due to photo-fission. The data is compared against previous work done with SNL- modified CINDER2008 [1] and experimental data [2, 3] and other published literature, includ- ing ENDF/B-VII. 1 [4]. The ability to produce a high-fidelity (7,428 group) energy-dependent photon fluence at various times post-fission can improve the delayed photon characterization for radiation effects tests at research reactors, as well as other applications.
Author : E. W. Bennett
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Energy Deposition in the Atmosphere by Delayed Gammas from Fission written by E. W. Bennett and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : F. C. Maienschein
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (832 download)
Download or read book Gamma Rays Associated with Fission written by F. C. Maienschein and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Modeling the Production of Beta-Delayed Gamma Rays for the Detection of Special Nuclear Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this LDRD project was to develop one or more models for the production of [beta]-delayed [gamma] rays following neutron-induced fission of a special nuclear material (SNM) and to define a standardized formatting scheme which will allow them to be incorporated into some of the modern, general-purpose Monte Carlo transport codes currently being used to simulate inspection techniques proposed for detecting fissionable material hidden in sea-going cargo containers. In this report, we will describe a Monte Carlo model for [beta]-delayed [gamma]-ray emission following the fission of SNM that can accommodate arbitrary time-dependent fission rates and photon collection histories. The model involves direct sampling of the independent fission yield distributions of the system, the branching ratios for decay of individual fission products and spectral distributions representing photon emission from each fission product and for each decay mode. While computationally intensive, it will be shown that this model can provide reasonably detailed estimates of the spectra that would be recorded by an arbitrary spectrometer and may prove quite useful in assessing the quality of evaluated data libraries and identifying gaps in the libraries. The accuracy of the model will be illustrated by comparing calculated and experimental spectra from the decay of short-lived fission products following the reactions 235U(n{sub th}, f) and 239Pu(n{sub th}, f). For general-purpose transport calculations, where a detailed consideration of the large number of individual [gamma]-ray transitions in a spectrum may not be necessary, it will be shown that a simple parameterization of the [gamma]-ray source function can be defined which provides high-quality average spectral distributions that should suffice for calculations describing photons being transported through thick attenuating media. Finally, a proposal for ENDF-compatible formats that describe each of the models and allow for their straightforward use in Monte Carlo codes will be presented.
Author : M. Deutsch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Investigation of Fission Gamma Rays written by M. Deutsch and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Neutron Physics Division
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Delayed Beta- and Gamma-ray Production Due to Thermal-neutron Fission of 235U, Spectral Distributions for Times After Fission Between 2 and 14000 Sec written by Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Neutron Physics Division and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Monte Carlo Models for the Production of Beta-delayed Gamma Rays Following Fission of Special Nuclear Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Monte Carlo method for the estimation of [beta]-delayed [gamma]-ray spectra following fission is described that can accommodate an arbitrary time-dependent fission rate and photon collection history. The method invokes direct sampling of the independent fission yield distributions of the fissioning system, the branching ratios for decay of individual fission products and the spectral distributions for photon emission for each decay mode. Though computationally intensive, the method can provide a detailed estimate of the spectrum that would be recorded by an arbitrary spectrometer, and can prove useful in assessing the quality of evaluated data libraries, for identifying gaps in these libraries, etc. The method is illustrated by a first comparison of calculated and experimental spectra from decay of short-lived fission products following the reactions 235U(n{sub th}, f) and 239Pu(n{sub th}, f). For general purpose transport calculations, where detailed consideration of the large number of individual [gamma]-ray transitions in a spectrum may be unnecessary, it is shown that an accurate and simple parameterization of a [gamma]-ray source function can be obtained. These parametrizations should provide high-quality average spectral distributions that should prove useful in calculations describing photons escaping from thick attenuating media.
Author : P. Zigman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Early Time Decay of Fission Product Mixtures written by P. Zigman and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book GAMMA RAYS ASSOCIATED WITH FISSION. written by and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurements of the energy spectra and time distribution of the fission-associated gamma rays are described. New data for thermal neutron-induced fission in U235 is presented covering the energy range between 0.3 and 8.0 Mev. Gamma-ray energy analysis was carried out with a multiple-crystal scintillation spectrometer employing either Compton scattering of pair production to give unique pulse-height response. The importance of unique spectrometer response is explained. The gamma-ray spectrometer was operated in coincidence with a spiral-wound fission chamber by the use of a four-fold coincidence circuit having a resolving time of 6 x 10−8 sec. Spectral measurements for delayed fission radiation were obtained with a similar gamma-ray spectrometer. Energy distributions from 0.3 to 5.4 Mev are presented for ten delay times between 1.7 and 1550 sec. Gamma radiation delayed between 6 x 10−8 and 3 x 10−6 sec after fission was observed following thermal-neutron induced fission. This radiation appeared to be about 6% as intense as the prompt radiation. No gamma-rays in the range from 3 to 7 x 10−6 sec were observed within limitations imposed by random backgrounds. No measurements were reported in the time range between 7 x 106 sec and 1 sec. New data presented include time time dependence of the gamma radiation delayed from 1 to 1600 sec after fission, divided into six gamma-ray energy intervals betwveen 0.28 and 5.0 Mev. These data are in good agreement with the energy-spectral data. Comparisons are also made with data available from gross fission-product photoneutron yields and chemically separated fission-product nuclides. (auth).
Author : S. Michael Luker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Characterizing the Time- and Energy-Dependent Reactor N/? Environment written by S. Michael Luker and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a reactor pulse, the early radiation has a neutron/gamma component resulting from the prompt fission neutron and gamma radiation and from the neutron-induced secondary gammas. However, after the primary reactor pulse, the radiation environment also includes a time-dependent delayed neutron and gamma component. At even later times, the material activation dominates the source term. When active tests are conducted in the reactor, the radiation environment at a particular time may not be well characterized by the time-integrated spectrum provided by the typical radiation transport calculations. This paper defines the steps that are required to adequately model the time- and energy-dependent radiation environment in the reactor environment. This paper also compares the time-dependent response from a range of active dosimeters in a reactor pulsed environment and shows how the n/? mixed-field response for the dosimeters and the changing radiation field can influence the interpretation of the dosimetry.
Author : Kern, Kilian
Publisher : KIT Scientific Publishing
ISBN 13 : 3731508435
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (315 download)
Download or read book Advanced Treatment of Fission Yield Effects and Method Development for Improved Reactor Depletion Calculations written by Kern, Kilian and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Frank Walton Guy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Four Parameter Measurements of Delayed Gamma Rays from Spontaneous Fission of ℗¿℗Cf written by Frank Walton Guy and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter O. Strom
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Early Time Decay of Fission Product Mixtures written by Peter O. Strom and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Delayed Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy for Non-Destructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-energy, beta-delayed gamma-ray spectroscopy is a potential, non-destructive assay techniques for the independent verification of declared quantities of special nuclear materials at key stages of the fuel cycle and for directly assaying nuclear material inventories for spent fuel handling, interim storage, reprocessing facilities, repository sites, and final disposal. Other potential applications include determination of MOX fuel composition, characterization of nuclear waste packages, and challenges in homeland security and arms control verification. Experimental measurements were performed to evaluate fission fragment yields, to test methods for determining isotopic fractions, and to benchmark the modeling code package. Experimental measurement campaigns were carried out at the IAC using a photo-neutron source and at OSU using a thermal neutron beam from the TRIGA reactor to characterize the emission of high-energy delayed gamma rays from 235U, 239Pu, and 241Pu targets following neutron induced fission. Data were collected for pure and combined targets for several irradiation/spectroscopy cycle times ranging from 10/10 seconds to 15/30 minutes. The delayed gamma-ray signature of 241Pu, a significant fissile constituent in spent fuel, was measured and compared to 239Pu. The 241Pu/239Pu ratios varied between 0.5 and 1.2 for ten prominent lines in the 2700-3600 keV energy range. Such significant differences in relative peak intensities make it possible to determine relative fractions of these isotopes in a mixed sample. A method for determining fission product yields by fitting the energy and time dependence of the delayed gamma-ray emission was developed and demonstrated on a limited 235U data set. De-convolution methods for determining fissile fractions were developed and tested on the experimental data. The use of high count-rate LaBr3 detectors was investigated as a potential alternative to HPGe detectors. Modeling capabilities were added to an existing framework and codes were adapted as needed for analyzing experiments and assessing application-specific assay concepts. A de-convolution analysis of the delayed gamma-ray response spectra modeled for spent fuel assemblies was performed using the same method that was applied to the experimental spectra.
Author : R. B. WALTON
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Emission of Gamma Radiation as a Function of Time After Photofission of U238 written by R. B. WALTON and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intensity of delayed gamma rays from the photofission of U-238 was measured from 30 microsec to 8 sec after fission. The delayed gamma-ray intensity falls by a factor of about 100 between 30 and 800 microsec after fission, then remains almost constant up to the vicinity of 0.5 sec, beyond which time it decreases at a rate consistent with results obtained by Maienschein (Proc. Second Geneva Conf. P/670, 1958). The present data were normalized to the absolute data of Maienschein in the time region from 1 to 10 sec after fission. Since the apparent half-life of the decay at early times is about 80 microsec, the gamma rays associated with this period probably arise from the decay of one or more fission products formed in isomeric states. Measurements repeated with a bias energy of 510 kev showed the same initial decay characteristic, indicating that some of the gamma rays contributing to the short-lived component have energies greater than 500 kev. In an attempt to evaluate neutron backgrounds using a mercury sample, gamma rays with energies less than about 500 kev and an apparent half-life of 102 microsec were observed. These gamma rays probably resulted from the decay of a mercury reaction product not previously reported. (Author).
