Endoscopic Laser Surgery Handbook

Download Endoscopic Laser Surgery Handbook PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000103501
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Endoscopic Laser Surgery Handbook by : Stanley. M. Shapshay

Download or read book Endoscopic Laser Surgery Handbook written by Stanley. M. Shapshay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is concerned primarily with operative endoscopy utilizing lasers, presenting proved and future endoscopic applications of lasers in medicine. It includes new concepts of cancer therapy, such as photodynamic therapy, because of the laser's endoscopic application.

The Ophthalmic Laser Handbook

Download The Ophthalmic Laser Handbook PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 1975170202
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (751 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Ophthalmic Laser Handbook by : Nathan Lighthizer

Download or read book The Ophthalmic Laser Handbook written by Nathan Lighthizer and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2021-08-06 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As new laser technology continues to emerge in the eye care field, there is a need for an up-to-date, comprehensive resource for eye care providers who are learning or currently performing these laser procedures. Edited by Lars Freisberg, Nate Lighthizer, Leonid Skorin, Jr., Karl Stonecipher, and Aaron Zimmerman, The Ophthalmic Laser Handbook is a practical, clinical guide that covers everything from indications and procedural techniques to contraindications and potential adverse events. This all-in-one reference, including over 45 videos of laser procedures in the e-version, is designed for all eye care providers—from those performing the procedures to those co-managing pre- and post-operative visits.

Principles and Practice of Laser Dentistry - E-Book

Download Principles and Practice of Laser Dentistry - E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323812848
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Principles and Practice of Laser Dentistry - E-Book by : Robert A. Convissar

Download or read book Principles and Practice of Laser Dentistry - E-Book written by Robert A. Convissar and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-09-07 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Successfully expand the use of lasers in your dental practice! With vibrant, detailed clinical images and easy-to-follow writing, Principles and Practice of Laser Dentistry, 3rd Edition walks you through the most common uses of lasers in areas such as periodontal surgery, dental implants, prosthetic and cosmetic reconstruction and describes how lasers work, how they interact with tissues, and how this knowledge may be applied to dental practice with a focus on technology, surgical techniques, and key steps in treatment. Written by laser dentistry pioneer Dr. Robert A. Convissar and a team of leading experts, this edition includes an ebook free with each purchase of a print book, three new chapters, and new case histories and clinical tips. It contains everything you need to know to build your skills in the rapidly growing field of laser dentistry. - Authoritative information is written by experts from all areas of dentistry, including periodontics, orthodontics, prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, implants, endodontics, pediatric dentistry, cosmetic dentistry, and practice management. - Revised case studies reflect treatment planning and the use of lasers in treating a variety of pathologies. - Detailed photographs clearly illustrate preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative procedures. - Guidelines to the use of lasers in procedures are validated with evidence-based, peer-reviewed literature. - Revised Clinical Tips and Caution boxes highlight key information. - Summary tables and boxes simplify essential information. - Chapter on Introducing Lasers into the Dental Practice includes guidelines for investing in lasers. - Glossary provides definitions of key laser terminology. - NEW! Chapters cover snoring and sleep apnea, photodynamic therapy, and infant tongue tie procedures. - NEW! More clinical photos, equipment photos, and conceptual illustrations are included. - NEW! eBook version is included with print purchase, allowing you to access all the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.

Laser Surgery in Veterinary Medicine

Download Laser Surgery in Veterinary Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119485983
Total Pages : 1108 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Laser Surgery in Veterinary Medicine by : Christopher J. Winkler

Download or read book Laser Surgery in Veterinary Medicine written by Christopher J. Winkler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-05-20 with total page 1108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a state-of-the-art reference to using surgical lasers to treat animal patients. Encompassing theory and practice, it emphasizes procedures, techniques, and equipment, with specific recommendations for laser settings. While most of the procedures emphasize surgeries on dogs and cats, this practical guide also dedicates chapters to equine, small mammal, avian, aquatic animal, and reptile surgeries, making it an excellent clinical reference for any busy veterinarian. The book begins with background information on the theory and science of laser surgery, then details specific surgical procedures with step-by-step instructions and accompanying photographs. The next section provides practical guidance for incorporating lasers into the veterinary practice, and the final section offers a look at the future of lasers in veterinary medicine and surgery. A companion website features video clips of surgery procedures. Presents a state-of-the-art guide to using laser surgery in veterinary practice, from theory and procedures to techniques and equipment Focuses on dogs and cats, including specialties such as ophthalmic laser surgery, laser neurosurgery, and photodynamic therapy, with chapters on equine, small mammal, avian, aquatic animal, and reptile surgeries Draws on the experience of more than 20 experts in various areas Provides practical advice for incorporating laser surgery into the veterinary practice, with the heart of the book devoted to specific surgical procedures Includes specific recommendations for laser settings and techniques for the procedures discussed Offers video clips demonstrating surgical techniques on a companion website Laser Surgery in Veterinary Medicine is an essential resource for anyone using surgical lasers in veterinary medicine, including veterinary students, practitioners, and specialists.

Biomedical Photonics Handbook

Download Biomedical Photonics Handbook PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420085174
Total Pages : 756 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biomedical Photonics Handbook by : Tuan Vo-Dinh

Download or read book Biomedical Photonics Handbook written by Tuan Vo-Dinh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-07-29 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shaped by Quantum Theory, Technology, and the Genomics RevolutionThe integration of photonics, electronics, biomaterials, and nanotechnology holds great promise for the future of medicine. This topic has recently experienced an explosive growth due to the noninvasive or minimally invasive nature and the cost-effectiveness of photonic modalities in

Handbook of Robotic and Image-Guided Surgery

Download Handbook of Robotic and Image-Guided Surgery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128142464
Total Pages : 753 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Robotic and Image-Guided Surgery by : Mohammad Hossein Abedin Nasab

Download or read book Handbook of Robotic and Image-Guided Surgery written by Mohammad Hossein Abedin Nasab and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Robotic and Image-Guided Surgery provides state-of-the-art systems and methods for robotic and computer-assisted surgeries. In this masterpiece, contributions of 169 researchers from 19 countries have been gathered to provide 38 chapters. This handbook is 744 pages, includes 659 figures and 61 videos. It also provides basic medical knowledge for engineers and basic engineering principles for surgeons. A key strength of this text is the fusion of engineering, radiology, and surgical principles into one book. - A thorough and in-depth handbook on surgical robotics and image-guided surgery which includes both fundamentals and advances in the field - A comprehensive reference on robot-assisted laparoscopic, orthopedic, and head-and-neck surgeries - Chapters are contributed by worldwide experts from both engineering and surgical backgrounds

Biomedical Photonics Handbook, Second Edition

Download Biomedical Photonics Handbook, Second Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420085166
Total Pages : 772 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biomedical Photonics Handbook, Second Edition by : Tuan Vo-Dinh

Download or read book Biomedical Photonics Handbook, Second Edition written by Tuan Vo-Dinh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-07-29 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shaped by Quantum Theory, Technology, and the Genomics Revolution The integration of photonics, electronics, biomaterials, and nanotechnology holds great promise for the future of medicine. This topic has recently experienced an explosive growth due to the noninvasive or minimally invasive nature and the cost-effectiveness of photonic modalities in medical diagnostics and therapy. The second edition of the Biomedical Photonics Handbook presents recent fundamental developments as well as important applications of biomedical photonics of interest to scientists, engineers, manufacturers, teachers, students, and clinical providers. The third volume, Therapeutics and Advanced Biophotonics, focuses on therapeutic modalities, advanced biophotonic technologies, and future trends. Represents the Collective Work of over 150 Scientists, Engineers, and Clinicians Designed to display the most recent advances in instrumentation and methods, as well as clinical applications in important areas of biomedical photonics to a broad audience, this three-volume handbook provides an inclusive forum that serves as an authoritative reference source for a broad audience involved in the research, teaching, learning, and practice of medical technologies. What’s New in This Edition: A wide variety of photonic biochemical sensing technologies has already been developed for clinical monitoring of early disease states and physiological parameters, such as blood pressure, blood chemistry, pH, temperature, and the presence of pathological organisms or biochemical species of clinical importance. Advanced photonic detection technologies integrating the latest knowledge of genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics allow sensing of early disease states, thus revolutionizing the medicine of the future. Nanobiotechnology has opened new possibilities for detection of biomarkers of disease, imaging single molecules and in situ diagnostics at the single-cell level. In addition to these state-of-the-art advancements, the second edition contains new topics and chapters including: • Fiber Optic Probe Design • Laser and Optical Radiation Safety • Photothermal Detection • Multidimensional Fluorescence Imaging • Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging • Molecular Contrast Optical Coherence Tomography • Multiscale Photoacoustics • Polarized Light for Medical Diagnostics • Quantitative Diffuse Reflectance Imaging • Interferometric Light Scattering • Nonlinear Interferometric Vibrational Imaging • Nanoscintillator-Based Therapy • SERS Molecular Sentinel Nanoprobes • Plasmonic Coupling Interference Nanoprobes Comprised of three books: Volume I: Fundamentals, Devices, and Techniques; Volume II: Biomedical Diagnostics; and Volume III: Therapeutics and Advanced Biophotonics, this second edition contains eight sections, and provides introductory material in each chapter. It also includes an overview of the topic, an extensive collection of spectroscopic data, and a list of references for further reading.

Current Catalog

Download Current Catalog PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1712 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Current Catalog by : National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

Download or read book Current Catalog written by National Library of Medicine (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on with total page 1712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.

Endoscopic Ear Surgery

Download Endoscopic Ear Surgery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Plural Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1597566454
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (975 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Endoscopic Ear Surgery by : Natasha Pollak

Download or read book Endoscopic Ear Surgery written by Natasha Pollak and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Veterinary Laser Surgery

Download Veterinary Laser Surgery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 081380678X
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (138 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Veterinary Laser Surgery by : Noel A. Berger

Download or read book Veterinary Laser Surgery written by Noel A. Berger and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-06-12 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surgical and therapeutic use of lasers began in human medicine in the early 1960s. Technology and equipment advanced rapidly. Over the last ten years veterinarians have been exploring the many potential advantages that various lasers provide their patients. Because laser light energy can be applied directly to target tissue or administered to distant lesions at a remote site through fiberoptic components, laser surgery has become an invaluable and growing veterinary surgical resource. Unlike many medical technologies, the size, reliability, and portability of lasers have improved so rapidly that they are now both economically and practically feasible for the general and specialty veterinarian. Routine laser use in veterinary medicine stands poised to gain large-scale general acceptance for everyday routine and specialty procedures. Written by experts in the field, Veterinary Laser Surgery: A Practical Guide strives to help general and specialty veterinary practitioners understand, implement and expand the use of laser energy in safe and rational ways for both surgical and therapeutic procedures to further improvement the veterinarians ability to enhance the patient’s quality of life. PRACTICAL PICTORIAL GUIDE / ATLAS feature that includes 31 case studies of the most common laser surgery procedures. Broad spectrum of specific laser information, including chapters covering basic laser physics through specific laser surgery techniques and pain management. Special sections on CO2 and Diode laser wavelengths. Provides veterinarians with skills and techniques to improve the comfort and quality of patients’ lives through appropriate laser use. User-friendly format makes referencing easy. A practical reference for specialty and general veterinarians.

Evaluation and Installation of Surgical Laser Systems

Download Evaluation and Installation of Surgical Laser Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461246482
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Evaluation and Installation of Surgical Laser Systems by : David B. Apfelberg

Download or read book Evaluation and Installation of Surgical Laser Systems written by David B. Apfelberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent in the 1960s of the unique and exciting new form of energy called laser brought to medicine a marvelous tool that could accomplish new treatments of previously untreatable disorders as well as improved treat ment of mundane problems. This brilliant form of light energy is many times more powerful than the energy of the sun yet can be focused microscopically to spot sizes as small as 30 microns. Lasers can be directed into seemingly inaccessible areas by mirrors or fiberoptic cables or can be directly applied into sensitive areas such as the retina without damage to intervening structures. There has been a rapid proliferation in the use of lasers in all surgical specialties. Starting with bold ideas and experiments of "thought leaders" in each specialty, the application of lasers has evolved into commonplace usage. Beginning with the era when laser presentations and publications were an oddity, now nearly all specialty areas have whole sections of meetings or journals devoted exclusively to laser usage. Laser specialty societies within a specialty have developed and residency training programs routinely instruct trainees in laser techniques. Basic science and clinical experimentation has supported laser knowledge. Laser usage has also become international. Newer wavelengths and accessories have added to the armamentarium of laser usage. Despite the rapid growth in laser interest, no single source exists to instruct the many new laser users in proper, safe, and effective use of this new modality.

Lasers and Optical Fibers in Medicine

Download Lasers and Optical Fibers in Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080923976
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Lasers and Optical Fibers in Medicine by : Abraham Katzir

Download or read book Lasers and Optical Fibers in Medicine written by Abraham Katzir and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing use of fiber optics in the field of medicine has created a need for an interdisciplinary perspective of the technology and methods for physicians as well as engineers and biophysicists. This book presents a comprehensive examination of lasers and optical fibers in an hierarchical, three-tier system. Each chapter is divided into three basic sections: the Fundamentals section provides an overview of basic concepts and background; the Principles section offers an in-depth engineering approach; and the Advances section features specific information on systems and biophysical parameters. All those interested in the fields of lasers and fiber optics will find this book fascinating and instructive reading.

Principles and Practice of Interventional Pulmonology

Download Principles and Practice of Interventional Pulmonology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461442923
Total Pages : 731 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Principles and Practice of Interventional Pulmonology by : Armin Ernst

Download or read book Principles and Practice of Interventional Pulmonology written by Armin Ernst and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 731 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles and Practice of Interventional Pulmonology provides a comprehensive text covering all aspects of Interventional Pulmonology. Providing both pathophysiologic background as well as illustrated and clear instruction on how procedures ought to be performed, this text will be of great value to interventional pulmonologists, thoracic surgeons, surgical oncologists, and interventional radiologists.

Laser Surgery in Veterinary Medicine

Download Laser Surgery in Veterinary Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119486025
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Laser Surgery in Veterinary Medicine by : Christopher J. Winkler

Download or read book Laser Surgery in Veterinary Medicine written by Christopher J. Winkler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-05-14 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a state-of-the-art reference to using surgical lasers to treat animal patients. Encompassing theory and practice, it emphasizes procedures, techniques, and equipment, with specific recommendations for laser settings. While most of the procedures emphasize surgeries on dogs and cats, this practical guide also dedicates chapters to equine, small mammal, avian, aquatic animal, and reptile surgeries, making it an excellent clinical reference for any busy veterinarian. The book begins with background information on the theory and science of laser surgery, then details specific surgical procedures with step-by-step instructions and accompanying photographs. The next section provides practical guidance for incorporating lasers into the veterinary practice, and the final section offers a look at the future of lasers in veterinary medicine and surgery. A companion website features video clips of surgery procedures. Presents a state-of-the-art guide to using laser surgery in veterinary practice, from theory and procedures to techniques and equipment Focuses on dogs and cats, including specialties such as ophthalmic laser surgery, laser neurosurgery, and photodynamic therapy, with chapters on equine, small mammal, avian, aquatic animal, and reptile surgeries Draws on the experience of more than 20 experts in various areas Provides practical advice for incorporating laser surgery into the veterinary practice, with the heart of the book devoted to specific surgical procedures Includes specific recommendations for laser settings and techniques for the procedures discussed Offers video clips demonstrating surgical techniques on a companion website Laser Surgery in Veterinary Medicine is an essential resource for anyone using surgical lasers in veterinary medicine, including veterinary students, practitioners, and specialists.

The Perinatal Cardiology Handbook E-Book

Download The Perinatal Cardiology Handbook E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 032309659X
Total Pages : 551 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Perinatal Cardiology Handbook E-Book by : Rima Bader

Download or read book The Perinatal Cardiology Handbook E-Book written by Rima Bader and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-01-02 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical guide equips you with the advanced techniques and knowledge you need to successfully manage the full range of cardiovascular disorders seen in neonates and children today. Case studies examine key issues in perinatal cardiology, including definition of heart defects, functional status, clues to fetal diagnosis, testing, postnatal management, surgical options, long-term follow up, and recurrence of risk. Each chapter covers a particular disease and contains a handy reference section detailing the pathophysiology of each disorder. Helpful appendices cover the latest in advanced imaging techniques, including 3-dimensional echocardiography and color Doppler ultrasound. This handbook is ideal for anyone who cares for children with cardiac problems or pregnant patients with fetuses with congenital heart disease. - A user-friendly bulleted format makes critical information easy to digest. - The latest clinical information on advanced imaging techniques and fetal therapy helps you provide effective, state-of-the-art care. - Extensive case-oriented discussions help you identify and treat specific fetal anomalies. - Full-color Doppler images highlight areas of importance, making cardiac disease easier to detect. - Helpful appendices provide quick guidance on normal echo measurements and Doppler venous flow values.

Complications in Equine Surgery

Download Complications in Equine Surgery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119190088
Total Pages : 896 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Complications in Equine Surgery by : Luis M. Rubio-Martinez

Download or read book Complications in Equine Surgery written by Luis M. Rubio-Martinez and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-02-08 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complications in Equine Surgery is the first reference to focus exclusively on understanding, preventing, recognizing, managing, and prognosing, technical and post-procedural complications in equine surgery. Edited by two noted experts on the topic, the book presents evidence-based information using a clear approach, organized by body system. Featuring color images, the book contains detailed coverage of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, musculoskeletal, urogenital, and neurological systems. Each chapter contains a short introduction of the procedure with explanations of when and how the procedure is to be performed. All chapters review how to recognize and prevent technical complications and explain how to manage post-operative complications. This important text: Offers the first resource specifically focused on complications encountered in equine surgery Takes a helpful format organized by body system Provides consistently formatted chapters for ease of use Covers clinically relevant information for dealing with technical and post-operative complications Presents more than 350 color images to illustrate the concepts described Written for general practitioners and specialists, Complications in Equine Surgery is an essential resource to decreasing morbidity and mortality and increasing surgical success in horses.

Advances in Nd:YAG Laser Surgery

Download Advances in Nd:YAG Laser Surgery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461237289
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Nd:YAG Laser Surgery by : Stephen N. Joffe

Download or read book Advances in Nd:YAG Laser Surgery written by Stephen N. Joffe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nd:YAG laser has finally become the multidisciplinary and muitispeciaity tool of the 1980s. Primarily developed for gastrointestinal applications for controlling bleeding, at present it is also used for endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal tumors, endobronchial cancer, and bladder and gynecological lesions and finding applications in otorhinolaryngology and neurosurgery. De velopment of laser scalpels and focusing head-pieces has now allowed the Nd:YAG laser to be used for open surgical procedures in general and plastic surgery, head and neck surgery, urology, gynecology, dermatology, and neu rosurgery. The rapid development in ceramic technology has led to contact surgery allowing physicians a choice of excision, vaporization, coagulation, incision, or combinations thereof by easily changing probes rather than having to select new laser wavelengths. This technology is rapidly replacing the carbon dioxide laser which currently has no adequate flexible waveguide for fiberoptic en doscopy, cannot be used in a water medium (e.g., bladder), and has poor coagulation properties when compared to the Nd:YAG laser. Future developments may see the Nd:YAG laser even replacing electro cautery in the operating room due to its greater safety and efficacy. Local hyperthermia (laserthermia) with computer control, photodynamic therapy, and ophthalmic applications make the Nd:YAG laser the most exciting tech nological advancement in medicine and surgery for the 1980s.