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Encyclopedia Of Free Blacks And People Of Color In The Americas
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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Free Blacks and People of Color in the Americas by : Matthew Bunson
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Free Blacks and People of Color in the Americas written by Matthew Bunson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Ancient Rome, Third Edition provides comprehensive and interdisciplinary coverage of the people, places, events, and ideas of ancient Rome.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Free Blacks and People of Color in the Americas by :
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Free Blacks and People of Color in the Americas written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Free Blacks and People of Color in the Americas by : Stewart R. King
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Free Blacks and People of Color in the Americas written by Stewart R. King and published by Facts on File. This book was released on 2011-12-31 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Columbus arrived in 1492, the first free black personOCoa sailorOCoset foot in the Americas. Over the next 400 years, as slavery spread and became entrenched in the Western Hemisphere, free blacks built communities throughout North and South America, playing a critical role in every region, colony, and country. From Canada to the Caribbean to Chile, they established vital economic and social institutions, championed the cause of abolition, and formed a bridge between the worlds of free whites and enslaved blacks. They worked as artisans, farmers, journalists, ministers, merchants, and shipbuilders. Many free blacks served in the military and fought in every major war, including the American Revolution, the Haitian Revolution, and the Latin American wars for independence. Others served in government, and someOColike presidents Bernardino Rivadavia of Argentina and Vicente Guerrero of MexicoOCobecame national leaders.Free people of color in the United States and the Americas hold a unique status in global history. Never before and never since has such a group existed in large numbers anywhere in the world. Long shrouded in obscurity and overshadowed by scholarship on slavery and race, the free black community in the Americas has become a growing and vibrant field of study. Historians have recently uncovered vast material on this important group, revealing how they lived, how they shaped society, and how they transformed the history of every nation in the Western Hemisphere.Encyclopedia of Free Blacks and People of Color in the Americas is the first reference to cover this crucial subject and provides a wealth of information not available anywhere else. Arranged alphabetically, this groundbreaking, two-volume encyclopedia includes articles on all major events, issues, and concepts relevant to the free black community in the United States from the colonial period to the Civil War and in the rest of the Western Hemisphere from the late 1400s to the late 1800s, when emancipation became universal. Nearly 400 signed articles cover every country, colony, state, city, and region in the Americas with a significant presence of free blacks, and biographies, thematic articles, and entries on related subjects shed additional light on this vital and fascinating topic."
Book Synopsis The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia by : Gerald L. Smith
Download or read book The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia written by Gerald L. Smith and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2015-08-28 with total page 1467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of African Americans in Kentucky is as diverse and vibrant as the state's general history. The work of more than 150 writers, The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia is an essential guide to the black experience in the Commonwealth. The encyclopedia includes biographical sketches of politicians and community leaders as well as pioneers in art, science, and industry. Kentucky's impact on the national scene is registered in an array of notable figures, such as writers William Wells Brown and bell hooks, reformers Bessie Lucas Allen and Shelby Lanier Jr., sports icons Muhammad Ali and Isaac Murphy, civil rights leaders Whitney Young Jr. and Georgia Powers, and entertainers Ernest Hogan, Helen Humes, and the Nappy Roots. Featuring entries on the individuals, events, places, organizations, movements, and institutions that have shaped the state's history since its origins, the volume also includes topical essays on the civil rights movement, Eastern Kentucky coalfields, business, education, and women. For researchers, students, and all who cherish local history, The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia is an indispensable reference that highlights the diversity of the state's culture and history.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of African American History [3 volumes] by : Leslie M. Alexander
Download or read book Encyclopedia of African American History [3 volumes] written by Leslie M. Alexander and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2010-02-09 with total page 1272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fresh compilation of essays and entries based on the latest research, this work documents African American culture and political activism from the slavery era through the 20th century. Encyclopedia of African American History introduces readers to the significant people, events, sociopolitical movements, and ideas that have shaped African American life from earliest contact between African peoples and Europeans through the late 20th century. This encyclopedia places the African American experience in the context of the entire African diaspora, with entries organized in sections on African/European contact and enslavement, culture, resistance and identity during enslavement, political activism from the Revolutionary War to Southern emancipation, political activism from Reconstruction to the modern Civil Rights movement, black nationalism and urbanization, and Pan-Africanism and contemporary black America. Based on the latest scholarship and engagingly written, there is no better go-to reference for exploring the history of African Americans and their distinctive impact on American society, politics, business, literature, art, food, clothing, music, language, and technology.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Black America by : W. Augustus Low
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Black America written by W. Augustus Low and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 921 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exhaustive reference work on the culture and history of Black America provides commentary and exact, factual information ranging from the colonial period to contemporary Black issues and achievements
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History: The Black Experience in the Americas by : Colin A. Palmer
Download or read book Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History: The Black Experience in the Americas written by Colin A. Palmer and published by . This book was released on 2005-12 with total page 3300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of African-American Civil Rights by : Charles D. Lowery
Download or read book Encyclopedia of African-American Civil Rights written by Charles D. Lowery and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1992 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides over 800 entries on people and events important to the civil rights struggle, and cites court cases which show a progression of civil rights.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of African-American Education by : Charles A. Asbury
Download or read book Encyclopedia of African-American Education written by Charles A. Asbury and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1996-08-28 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This indispensable reference is a comprehensive guide to significant issues, policies, historical events, laws, theories, and persons related to the education of African-Americans in the United States. Through several hundred alphabetically arranged entries, the volume chronicles the history of African-American education from the systematic, long-term denial of schooling to blacks before the Civil War, to the establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau and the era of Reconstruction, to Brown v. Board of Education and the civil rights reforms of the last few decades. Entries are written by expert contributors and contain valuable bibliographies, while a selected bibliography of general sources concludes the volume. The African-American population is unique in that its educational history includes as law and public policy the systematic, long-term denial of the acquisition of knowledge. In the 18th century, African-Americans were initially legally forbidden to be taught academic subjects in the South, where most African-Americans lived. This period, which ended around 1865 with the conclusion of the Civil War and the establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau, was followed by the introduction of laws, policies, and practices providing for rudimentary education for 69 years under the dual-school, separate-but-equal policies established by Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). These policies did not end until the Brown v. Board of Education decisions of 1954 and 1955 were reinforced by the passage of civil rights and equal opportunity legislation in the mid-1960s. The education of African-Americans has been a continuing moral, political, legal, economic, and psychological issue throughout this country's history. It continues to consume time and attention, and it remains an unresolved dilemma for the nation. Through several hundred alphabetically arranged entries, this indispensable reference offers a comprehensive overview of significant issues, policies, historical events, laws, persons, and theories related to African-American education from the early years of this country to the present day. The entries are written by expert contributors, and each entry includes a bibliography of works for further reading. A selected, general bibliography concludes the volume.
Book Synopsis The Black Towns by : Norman L. Crockett
Download or read book The Black Towns written by Norman L. Crockett and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2021-10-08 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Appomattox to World War I, blacks continued their quest for a secure position in the American system. The problem was how to be both black and American—how to find acceptance, or even toleration, in a society in which the boundaries of normative behavior, the values, and the very definition of what it meant to be an American were determined and enforced by whites. A few black leaders proposed self-segregation inside the United States within the protective confines of an all-black community as one possible solution. The Black-town idea reached its peak in the fifty years after the civil War; at least sixty Black communities were settled between 1865 and 1915. Norman L. Crockett has focused on the formation, growth and failure of five such communities. The towns and the date of their settlement are: Nicodemus, Kansas (1879), established at the time of the Black exodus from the South; Mound Bayou, Mississippi (1897), perhaps the most prominent black town because of its close ties to Booker T. Washington and Tuskegee Institute: Langston, Oklahoma (1891), visualized by one of its promoters as the nucleus for the creation of an all-Black state in the West; and Clearview (1903) and Boley (1904), in Oklahoma, twin communities in the Creek Nation which offer the opportunity observe certain aspects of Indian-Black relations in this area. The role of Black people in town promotion and settlement has long been a neglected area in western and urban history, Crockett looks at patterns of settlement and leadership, government, politics, economics, and the problems of isolation versus interaction with the white communities. He also describes family life, social life, and class structure within the Black towns. Crockett looks closely at the rhetoric and behavior of Black people inside the limits of tehir own community—isolated from the domination of whites and freed from the daily reinforcement of their subordinate rank in the larger society. He finds that, long before “Black is beautiful” entered the American vernacular, Black-town residents exhibited a strong sense of race price. The reader observes in microcosm Black attitudes about many aspects of American life as Crockett ties the Black-town experience to the larger question of race relations at the turn of the century. This volume also explains the failure of the Black-town dream. Crockett cites discrimination, lack of capital, and the many forces at work in the local, regional, and national economies. He shows how the racial and town-building experiement met its demise as the residents of all-Black communities became both economically and psychologically trapped. This study adds valuable new material to the literature on Black history, and makes a significant contribution to American social and urban history, community studies, and the regional history of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Mississippi.
Download or read book Africana written by Anthony Appiah and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this newly expanded edition, more than 4,000 articles cover prominent African and African American individuals, events, trends, places, political movements, art forms, businesses, religions, ethnic groups, organizations, countries, and more.
Book Synopsis Beyond Slavery's Shadow by : Warren Eugene Milteer Jr.
Download or read book Beyond Slavery's Shadow written by Warren Eugene Milteer Jr. and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the eve of the Civil War, most people of color in the United States toiled in bondage. Yet nearly half a million of these individuals, including over 250,000 in the South, were free. In Beyond Slavery's Shadow, Warren Eugene Milteer Jr. draws from a wide array of sources to demonstrate that from the colonial period through the Civil War, the growing influence of white supremacy and proslavery extremism created serious challenges for free persons categorized as "negroes," "mulattoes," "mustees," "Indians," or simply "free people of color" in the South. Segregation, exclusion, disfranchisement, and discriminatory punishment were ingrained in their collective experiences. Nevertheless, in the face of attempts to deny them the most basic privileges and rights, free people of color defended their families and established organizations and businesses. These people were both privileged and victimized, both celebrated and despised, in a region characterized by social inconsistency. Milteer's analysis of the way wealth, gender, and occupation intersected with ideas promoting white supremacy and discrimination reveals a wide range of social interactions and life outcomes for the South's free people of color and helps to explain societal contradictions that continue to appear in the modern United States.
Book Synopsis Slavery in the United States by : Junius P. Rodriguez
Download or read book Slavery in the United States written by Junius P. Rodriguez and published by ABC-CLIO. This book was released on 2007-03-20 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, contextual presentation of all aspects--social, political, and economic--of slavery in the United States, from the first colonization through Reconstruction. For 250 years, slavery was part of the fabric of American life. The institution had an enormous economic impact and was central to the wealth of the agrarian South. It had as great an impact on American culture, cementing racism and other attitudes that echo into the present. This encyclopedia is an ambitious examination of all the issues surrounding slavery: the origins, the justifications, the controversies, and the human drama. These volumes represent the work of 75 distinguished scholars from around the world. Ten thematic essays present a thorough examination of slavery and slave culture, including a rare treatment of slavery from the slave's point of view. Three hundred A-Z entries provide instant access to specific people, issues, and events. Today, slavery's immorality seems obvious. This encyclopedia provides the student or general reader with an in-depth explanation of how the practice evolved and was normalized, then anathematized and abolished. Ten major essays and 300 A-Z entries cover all aspects of slavery Over 100 contributors represent the finest scholarship worldwide on the topic An impressive collection of 150 original documents illustrate both popular and official attitudes toward slavery The massive bibliography is the most complete and up-to-date available
Book Synopsis FREE PEOPLE OF COLOR by : HORTON JAMES OLIVER
Download or read book FREE PEOPLE OF COLOR written by HORTON JAMES OLIVER and published by Smithsonian Books (DC). This book was released on 1993-04-17 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free People of Color is a path-breaking historical inquiry into the forces that unified and divided free African Americans in the pre-Civil War North, as they dealt with human issues vastly complicated by the racist character of American society. James Oliver Horton explores the social and psychological interior of free African American communities and reveals the diversity and nuances of free black society in such northern cities as Boston, Buffalo, and Washington, D.C. While examining the heated debates within these communities over gender roles, skin color, national identity, leadership styles, and politics, he argues for a complex and pluralistic view of free black society - where disagreement did not preclude cooperation toward common goals, such as ending slavery, obtaining full citizenship, and securing educational and economic opportunities for all African Americans. Horton also discusses relations between blacks and the European immigrants with whom they shared living space and often competed for employment. He finds the association between African Americans and Germans to have been relatively harmonious, particularly in contrast to the violence and acrimony that marked contact between blacks and Irish immigrants. "Black people", observes Horton, "like all Americans, develop communities which reflect the national, regional, and local issues that affect their well-being". The essays in Free People of Color document the complexity of antebellum African American communities and portray their inhabitants as a multifaceted people whose lives were both complicated by restrictive forces and unified by common goals.
Download or read book Black Slaveowners written by Larry Koger and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2011-11-18 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most Americans, both black and white, believe that slavery was a system maintained by whites to exploit blacks, but this authoritative study reveals the extent to which African Americans played a significant role as slave masters. Examining South Carolina's diverse population of African-American slaveowners, the book demonstrates that free African Americans widely embraced slavery as a viable economic system and that they--like their white counterparts--exploited the labor of slaves on their farms and in their businesses. Drawing on the federal census, wills, mortgage bills of sale, tax returns, and newspaper advertisements, the author reveals the nature of African-American slaveholding, its complexity, and its rationales. He describes how some African-American slave masters had earned their freedom but how many others--primarily mulattoes born of free parents--were unfamiliar with slavery's dehumanization.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Racism in the United States: S-Z, with primary documents and original writings by : Pyong Gap Min
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Racism in the United States: S-Z, with primary documents and original writings written by Pyong Gap Min and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely encyclopedia is the first to encapsulate racism and its manifestations throughout U.S. history.
Book Synopsis Forgotten Patriots by : Eric Grundset
Download or read book Forgotten Patriots written by Eric Grundset and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By offering a documented listing of names of African Americans and Native Americans who supported the cause of the American Revolution, we hope to inspire the interest of descendents in the efforts of their ancestors and in the work of the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution.
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