Empirical Justification

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Empirical Justification

Author : P.K. Moser
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400945264
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Empirical Justification by : P.K. Moser

Download or read book Empirical Justification written by P.K. Moser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Broadly speaking, this is a book about truth and the criteria thereof. Thus it is, in a sense, a book about justification and rationality. But it does not purport to be about the notion of justification or the notion of rationality. For the assumption that there is just one notion of justification, or just one notion of rationality, is, as the book explains, very misleading. Justification and rationality come in various kinds. And to that extent, at least, we should recognize a variety of notions of justification and rationality. This, at any rate, is one of the morals of Chapter VI. This book, in Chapters I-V, is mainly concerned with the kind of justification and rationality characteristic of a truth-seeker, specifically a seeker of truth about the world impinging upon the senses: the so-called empirical world. Hence the book's title. But since the prominent contemporary approaches to empirical justification are many and varied, so also are the epistemological issues taken up in the following chapters. For instance, there will be questions about so-called coherence and its role, if any, in empirical justification. And there will be questions about social consensus (whatever it is) and its significance, or the lack thereof, to empirical justification. Furthermore, the perennial question of whether, and if so how, empirical knowledge has so-called founda tions will be given special attention.

Truth and Justification

Author : Jürgen Habermas
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0745695000
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Truth and Justification by : Jürgen Habermas

Download or read book Truth and Justification written by Jürgen Habermas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-12-10 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this important new book, Jürgen Habermas takes up certain fundamental questions of philosophy. While much of his recent work has been concerned with issues of morality and law, in this new work Habermas returns to the traditional philosophical questions of truth, objectivity and reality which were at the centre of his earlier classic book Knowledge and Human Interests. How can the norms that underpin the linguistically structured world in which we live be brought into step with the contingency of the development of socio-cultural forms of life? How can the idea that our world exists independently of our attempts to describe it be reconciled with the insight that we can never reach reality without the mediation of language and that 'bare' reality is therefore unattainable? In Knowledge and Human Interests Habermas answered these questions with reference to a weak naturalism and a transcendental-pragmatic realism. Since then, however, he has developed a formal pragmatic theory which is based on an analysis of speech acts and language use. In this new volume Habermas takes up the philosophical questions of truth, objectivity and reality from the perspective of his linguistically-based pragmatic theory. The final section addresses the limits of philosophy and reassesses the relation between theory and practice from a perspective that could be described as 'post-Marxist'. This volume, now available in paperback as well, by one of the world's leading philosophers will be essential reading for students and scholars of philosophy, social theory and the humanities and social sciences generally.

The Structure of Empirical Knowledge

Author : Laurence BonJour
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674262158
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis The Structure of Empirical Knowledge by : Laurence BonJour

Download or read book The Structure of Empirical Knowledge written by Laurence BonJour and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1988-03-15 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How must our knowledge be systematically organized in order to justify our beliefs? There are two options—the solid securing of the ancient foundationalist pyramid or the risky adventure of the new coherentist raft. For the foundationalist like Descartes each piece of knowledge can be stacked to build a pyramid. Not so, argues Laurence BonJour. What looks like a pyramid is in fact a dead end, a blind alley. Better by far to choose the raft. Here BonJour sets out the most extensive antifoundationalist argument yet developed. The first part of the book offers a systematic exposition of foundationalist views and formulates a general argument to show that no variety of foundationalism provides an acceptable account of empirical justification. In the second part he explores a coherence theory of empirical knowledge and argues that a defensible theory must incorporate an adequate conception of observation. The book concludes with an account of the correspondence theory of empirical truth and an argument that systems of empirical belief which satisfy the coherentist standard of justification are also likely to be true.

A Theory of System Justification

Author : John T. Jost
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0674244656
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis A Theory of System Justification by : John T. Jost

Download or read book A Theory of System Justification written by John T. Jost and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychologist John Jost has spent decades researching poor people who vote for policies of inequality and women who think men deserve higher salaries. He argues that the persecuted often justify and defend the very social systems that oppress them because doing so serves a fundamental need for certainty, security, and social acceptance.

Essays on A Priori Knowledge and Justification

Author : Albert Casullo
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199777977
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on A Priori Knowledge and Justification by : Albert Casullo

Download or read book Essays on A Priori Knowledge and Justification written by Albert Casullo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-01 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past twenty-five years have seen a major renewal of interest in the topic of a priori knowledge. In the sixteen essays collected here, which span this entire period, philosopher Albert Casullo documents the complex set of issues motivating the renewed interest, identifies the central epistemological questions, and provides the leading ideas of a unified response to them. Throughout the essays, Casullo offers a systematic treatment of the concept of a priori knowledge, the existence of a priori knowledge, and the relationship between a priori knowledge and the related concepts of necessary truth and analytic truth. The essays fall into three categories: six published prior to his A Priori Justification (OUP, 2003), four published after the book, and four previously unpublished papers. The first six essays provide the background and introduction to a number of the major themes of the book: the articulation and defense of the minimal conception of a priori justification, an exposition of the limitations of the traditional arguments both for and against a priori knowledge, and the relevance of empirical investigation to providing supporting evidence for the claim that there are nonexperiential sources of justification. The remaining four published essays explore diverse themes that were introduced in Casullo's previous book but not developed in detail: epistemic overdetermination, the relationship between a priori knowledge and necessary truth, testimony and a priori knowledge, and the bearing of socio-historical accounts of knowledge on the a priori. The four previously unpublished essays address issues that have either emerged or taken on more prominence in the literature on the a priori since the publication of Casullo's previous book: the evidential status of intuitions, the nature of modal knowledge, and challenges to the cogency or the significance of the a priori-a posteriori distinction.

The A Priori in Philosophy

Author : Albert Casullo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0199695334
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis The A Priori in Philosophy by : Albert Casullo

Download or read book The A Priori in Philosophy written by Albert Casullo and published by . This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For centuries philosophers have attached much importance to a priori knowledge, but recent work in epistemology and experimental philosophy has questioned this. Leading philosophers discuss explanations of the a priori, challenges to its existence, the status of intuition, and the justification of belief—topics at the centre of current debate.

Skepticism, Justification, and Explanation

Author : E. Cornman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940098958X
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Skepticism, Justification, and Explanation by : E. Cornman

Download or read book Skepticism, Justification, and Explanation written by E. Cornman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a manuscript that was virtually complete when James W. Cornman died. Most of the chapters were in final form, and all but the last had been revised by the author. The last chapter was in handwritten form, and the concluding remarks were not finished. Swain took charge of the proofreading and John L. Thomas compiled the indices with the assistance of Lehrer. It is our opinion that this manuscript, like the other books Cornman published, is one of exceptional scholarly and philo sophical importance. As do all of his philosophical publications, this work reflects Cornman's great love for philosophy and his commitment to the search for truth. Every serious student and author of epistemology will benefit from and admire the thorough scholarship and rigorous argumentation they will find herein. It has been our privilege to partici pate in the preparation of the manuscript for the philosophical public. KEITH LEHRER MARSHALL SWAIN IX INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION TO EPISTEMOLOGICAL SKEPTICISM Many philosophers try to refute skepticism, but few try to give a precise characterization of the thesis they attack. My first aim, consequently, is to characterize skepticism, or, more precisely, several species of skepticism. Then I shall choose those species I wish to consider and justify my choice. To begin, let me distinguish what I shall call "epistemological skepticism" from the thesis I shall call "ontological nihilism" and from what is believed by someone whom I shall call an "ontological skeptic".

Epistemology: Contemporary Readings

Author : Michael Huemer
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134512716
Total Pages : 636 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (345 download)

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Book Synopsis Epistemology: Contemporary Readings by : Michael Huemer

Download or read book Epistemology: Contemporary Readings written by Michael Huemer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-03-10 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive anthology draws together classic and contemporary readings by leading philosophers on epistemology. Ideal for any philosophy student, it will prove essential reading for epistemology courses, and is designed to complement Robert Audi's textbook Epistemology: A Contemporary Introduction (Routledge, 1998). Themes covered include, perception, memory, inductive inference, reason and the a priori, the architecture of knowledge, skepticism, the analysis of knowledge, testimony. Each section begins with an introductory essay, guiding students into the topic. Includes articles by: Russell, Hume, Berkeley, Malcolm, Quine, Carnap, J.L. Austin, Pollock, Nozick, Putnam, G.E. Moore, Huemer, Reid, Plato, BonJour, Coady, Carroll, Fumerton, Edwards, Foster, Howson, Urbach, Stove, Empiricus, Oakley, Alston, Gettier, Clark, Goldman, Lehrer, Paxson, DeRose, Dretske, Klein and Chisholm

Pyrrhonian Reflections on Knowledge and Justification

Author : Robert J. Fogelin
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019802505X
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Pyrrhonian Reflections on Knowledge and Justification by : Robert J. Fogelin

Download or read book Pyrrhonian Reflections on Knowledge and Justification written by Robert J. Fogelin and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1994-09-22 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work, written from a neo-Pyrrhonian perspective, is an examination of contemporary theories of knowledge and justification. It takes ideas primarily found in Sextus Empiricus's Outlines of Pyrrhonism, restates them in a modern idiom, and then asks whether any contemporary theory of knowledge meets the challenges they raise. The first part, entitled "Gettier and the Problem of Knowledge," attempts to rescue our ordinary concept of knowledge from those philosophers who have assigned burdens to it that it cannot bear. Properly understood, Fogelin shows that the concept of knowledge is unproblematic. The second part of this study, called "Agrippa and the Problem of Justification," examines Agrippa's contribution to Pyrrhonism, a systematic reduction of its procedures which came to be known as the "Five Modes Leading to the Suspension of Belief." These modes present a completely general procedure for refuting any claim a dogmatist might make. Though largely unnoticed, there is, according to Fogelin, an uncanny resemblance between problems posed by Agrippa's "Five Modes" and those that contemporary epistemologists address under the heading of a theory of justification. Fogelin examines the strongest contemporary theories of justification--in both foundationalist and anti-foundationalist forms. The conclusion is that recent philosophical writings on justification have made no significant progress in responding to the Pyrrhonian problems these writings have addressed.

Empirical Knowledge

Author : Paul K. Moser
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Empirical Knowledge by : Paul K. Moser

Download or read book Empirical Knowledge written by Paul K. Moser and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition provides an excellent overview of the field of epistemology. Revised sections on justification and knowledge and the Gettier Problem, and new sections on skepticism and naturalized epistemology, present the most important foundational and recent work in the theory of knowledge. Organized specifically with courses in mind, Empirical Knowledge is accessible to upper-level undergraduates and graduate students.

On Moral Certainty, Justification and Practice

Author : J. Hermann
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137447184
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)

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Book Synopsis On Moral Certainty, Justification and Practice by : J. Hermann

Download or read book On Moral Certainty, Justification and Practice written by J. Hermann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking inspiration from the later Wittgenstein, On Moral Certainty, Justification and Practice explores the practical basis of human morality. It offers an account of moral certainty, which it links with a view of moral competence. Drawing on everyday examples, it is shown how morality is grounded in action, not in reasoning.

Restoring the Foundations of Epistemic Justification

Author : Steven Porter
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 0739160265
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Restoring the Foundations of Epistemic Justification by : Steven Porter

Download or read book Restoring the Foundations of Epistemic Justification written by Steven Porter and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2006-11-06 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foundationalism, as a theory of justification and knowledge, is often associated with Enlightenment rationality, the Cartesian thirst for certainty, and the modern assumption of the objectivity and universality of reason. Because of these associations, scholars in various fields have disdained foundationalism in favor of some sort of non-foundationalist/post-modern approach to knowledge and justification. This present book is one piece of a much wider conversation that hopes to motivate a renewed look at foundationalism. Of course, the foundationalism on offer has settled down quite a bit from its surly forbears. This more mild-mannered foundationalism suggests that our beliefs about reality can be held with confidence and yet these beliefs remain open to criticism and revision. It is this type of epistemology that provides a constructive basis for investigation and research while nevertheless encouraging a cognitive humility about our claims to possess truth.

Constructing the World

Author : David J. Chalmers
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199608571
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Constructing the World by : David J. Chalmers

Download or read book Constructing the World written by David J. Chalmers and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-04 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David J. Chalmers constructs a highly ambitious and original picture of the world, from a few basic elements. He returns to Rudolf Carnap's attempt to do the same, and adopts the idea of scrutability—according to which reasoning from a limited class of basic truths yields all truths about the world—to address central themes in philosophy.

Value-Free Science

Author : Harold Kincaid
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195308964
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Value-Free Science by : Harold Kincaid

Download or read book Value-Free Science written by Harold Kincaid and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-03-15 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It has long been thought that science is our best hope for realizing objective knowledge, but that, to deliver on this promise, it must be free of the influence of any values that are not purely epistemic. As recent work in philosophy, history, and social studies of science shows, however, things are not so simple. The contributors to this volume ask where and how nonepistemic values are involved in science; they explore the roles these values play at the heart of science, in the assessment of evidence and explanations, and they examine the implications this has for ideals of objectivity."--BOOK JACKET.

The Construction of New Mathematical Knowledge in Classroom Interaction

Author : Heinz Steinbring
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780387242514
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis The Construction of New Mathematical Knowledge in Classroom Interaction by : Heinz Steinbring

Download or read book The Construction of New Mathematical Knowledge in Classroom Interaction written by Heinz Steinbring and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-03-22 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematics is generally considered as the only science where knowledge is uni form, universal, and free from contradictions. „Mathematics is a social product - a 'net of norms', as Wittgenstein writes. In contrast to other institutions - traffic rules, legal systems or table manners -, which are often internally contradictory and are hardly ever unrestrictedly accepted, mathematics is distinguished by coherence and consensus. Although mathematics is presumably the discipline, which is the most differentiated internally, the corpus of mathematical knowledge constitutes a coher ent whole. The consistency of mathematics cannot be proved, yet, so far, no contra dictions were found that would question the uniformity of mathematics" (Heintz, 2000, p. 11). The coherence of mathematical knowledge is closely related to the kind of pro fessional communication that research mathematicians hold about mathematical knowledge. In an extensive study, Bettina Heintz (Heintz 2000) proposed that the historical development of formal mathematical proof was, in fact, a means of estab lishing a communicable „code of conduct" which helped mathematicians make themselves understood in relation to the truth of mathematical statements in a co ordinated and unequivocal way.

Evidence and Inquiry

Author : Susan Haack
Publisher : Prometheus Books
ISBN 13 : 1615923837
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (159 download)

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Book Synopsis Evidence and Inquiry by : Susan Haack

Download or read book Evidence and Inquiry written by Susan Haack and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2009-12-02 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this important new work, Haack develops an original theory of empirical evidence or justification, and argues its appropriateness to the goals of inquiry. In so doing, Haack provides detailed critical case studies of Lewis's foundationalism; Davidson's and Bonjour's coherentism; Popper's 'epistemology without a knowing subject'; Quine's naturalism; Goldman's reliabilism; and Rorty's, Stich's, and the Churchlands' recent obituaries of epistemology.

Standing on Principles

Author : Tom L. Beauchamp
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199774366
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Standing on Principles by : Tom L. Beauchamp

Download or read book Standing on Principles written by Tom L. Beauchamp and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-28 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tom L. Beauchamp of Georgetown is one of the founding fathers of contemporary bioethics, and is particularly influential as one of the co-authors (with James Childress) of PRINCIPLES OF BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, first published by OUP over 25 years ago and a true cornerstone of contemporary bioethics. This volume is both an introductory textbook as well as a definitive expression of what is known as the dominant "principlist" approach which views bioethical reasoning developing out of four key principles: respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. This view has been highly influential over the last two decades and has set the agenda for the field. This volume will collect Tom Beauchamp's 15 most important published articles in bioethics, most of which were published over the last 25 years, and most of which have a strong connection to the principlist approach. Most of the essays included here augment, develop, or defend various themes, positions and arguments in that earlier book, both adding depth as well as taking off in new directions. Among the topic discussed are the historical origins of modern research ethics, to moral principles and methodological concerns. Beauchamp will include a new introduction to explain the history of the essays and their relationship to the principlist theory.