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Emergence Of Functional Circuits In The Early Visual Pathway
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Book Synopsis Emergence of Functional Circuits in the Early Visual Pathway by : Jaeson Jang
Download or read book Emergence of Functional Circuits in the Early Visual Pathway written by Jaeson Jang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-29 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the emergence of diverse functional organizations in the visual pathway which could be spontaneously and solely initiated by the random feedforward wiring of neural circuits. It demonstrates that the structure of ON and OFF retinal ganglion cell (RGC) mosaics is projected onto V1 by retino-cortical feedforward mapping to induce higher cognitive functions. This book will be beneficial for both theoretical and experimental neuroscientists, as well as for researchers using brain-inspired neural network models.
Download or read book Webvision written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Retinal Development by : Evelyne Sernagor
Download or read book Retinal Development written by Evelyne Sernagor and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This advanced text, first published in 2006, takes a developmental approach to the presentation of our understanding of how vertebrates construct a retina. Written by experts in the field, each of the seventeen chapters covers a specific step in the process, focusing on the underlying molecular, cellular, and physiological mechanisms. There is also a special section on emerging technologies, including genomics, zebrafish genetics, and stem cell biology that are starting to yield important insights into retinal development. Primarily aimed at professionals, both biologists and clinicians working with the retina, this book provides a concise view of vertebrate retinal development. Since the retina is 'an approachable part of the brain', this book will also be attractive to all neuroscientists interested in development, as processes required to build this exquisitely organized system are ultimately relevant to all other parts of the central nervous system.
Book Synopsis Brain and Visual Perception by : David H. Hubel M.D.
Download or read book Brain and Visual Perception written by David H. Hubel M.D. and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-10-14 with total page 739 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the story of a hugely successful and enjoyable 25-year collaboration between two scientists who set out to learn how the brain deals with the signals it receives from the two eyes. Their work opened up a new area of brain research that led to their receiving the Nobel Prize in 1981. The book contains their major papers from 1959 to 1981, each preceded and followed by comments telling how and why the authors went about the study, how the work was received, and what has happened since. It begins with short autobiographies of both men, and describes the state of the field when they started. It is intended not only for neurobiologists, but for anyone interested in how the brain works-biologists, psychologists, philosophers, physicists, historians of science, and students at all levels from high school to graduate level.
Book Synopsis The Neural Basis of Early Vision by : A. Kaneko
Download or read book The Neural Basis of Early Vision written by A. Kaneko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers in recent decades have elucidated signal transduction in the retina and the function of the visual cortex. The highly flexible nature of neural circuits in the visual cortex especially during the critical period has been an interesting subject for studying neural plasticity and development. Recent advances in the visual neurosciences of the vertebrate retina and the visual cortex were discussed during the 12th Keio International Symposium for Life Science and Medicine, meeting jointly with Vision Forum 2002. Contributions to the symposium collected in this volume reflect the convergence of physiological, cell biological, molecular, mathematical, and clinical approaches. The book covers topics ranging from phototransduction to visual information processing in the primary visual cortex, and includes clinical studies on hereditary night blindness, creating a valuable source of information for researchers and clinicians in the visual neurosciences.
Book Synopsis Neural Engineering by : Chris Eliasmith
Download or read book Neural Engineering written by Chris Eliasmith and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A synthesis of current approaches to adapting engineering tools to the study of neurobiological systems.
Book Synopsis Visual Attention and Cortical Circuits by : Jochen Braun
Download or read book Visual Attention and Cortical Circuits written by Jochen Braun and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An attempt to derive a comprehensive theory of attention from both neurobiological and psychological data.
Book Synopsis From Neurons to Neighborhoods by : National Research Council
Download or read book From Neurons to Neighborhoods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-13 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.
Book Synopsis The Primate Visual System by : Jon H. Kaas
Download or read book The Primate Visual System written by Jon H. Kaas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-07-28 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last 20 years of research have been marked by exceptional progress in understanding the organization and functions of the primate visual system. This understanding has been based on the wide application of traditional and newly emerging methods for identifying the functionally significant subdivisions of the system, their interconnections, the
Author :Retina Research Foundation (U.S.). Symposium Publisher :MIT Press ISBN 13 :9780262121545 Total Pages :330 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (215 download)
Book Synopsis Development of the Visual System by : Retina Research Foundation (U.S.). Symposium
Download or read book Development of the Visual System written by Retina Research Foundation (U.S.). Symposium and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of the Visual System presents a selection of current studies that clearly illustrate principles of visual system development. These range from retinal development in fish and frogs to the effects of abnormal visual experience on the primary visual cortex of the cat. The book is unique in addressing four specific and fundamental aspects of development: cell lineage and cell fate, specificity and targeting of axons, specification of visual cortex, and correlates of the critical period. Encompassing technical advances in cellular and molecular biology and in video imaging and microscopy, contributions in each of these areas provide new information at the cellular and molecular levels to complement the now classic descriptions of visual development previously available at the level of neural systems.ContributorsKaren L. Allendoerfer, David M. Altshuler, Antonella Antonini, Seymour Benzer, Edward M. Callaway, Constance L. Cepko, Hollis T. Cline, Max S. Cynader, N. W. Daw, Scott E. Fraser, K. Fox, Eckhard Friauf, Anirvan Ghosh, R. W. Guillery, William A. Harris, Christine E. Holt, Lawrence C. Katz, Susan McConnell, Pamela A. Raymond, Thomas A. Reh, Carla J. Shatz, Michael P. Stryker, Claudia A. 0. Stuermer, Mriganka Sur, David L. Turner, T. N. Wiesel
Book Synopsis The Spontaneous and Light-sensing Neural Circuits of the Developing Retina by : David Antonio Arroyo
Download or read book The Spontaneous and Light-sensing Neural Circuits of the Developing Retina written by David Antonio Arroyo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of neural circuits is perhaps one of the most fascinating phenomena of nature. Neural circuits combine an intrinsic program, that manifest itself in the form of spontaneous activity and molecular markers, with input from the environment to mature into a perfect arrangement of circuits that define how we interact with the world. The immature mammalian retina is a perfect example of the intricacies of neural circuit development. The developing retina exhibits a robust pattern of spontaneous activity, known as retinal waves. Retinal waves are necessary for proper development of the neural connections in early parts of the visual pathway. Recent research on this topic establishes that specific spatiotemporal properties of waves instruct specific aspects of visual map formation. In addition, retinal waves have recently found roles in cell differentiation, cell migration, and synapse formation. Thus, understanding the underlying mechanisms of the spatiotemporal properties of waves and exploring new ways in which waves could influence developing neural circuits will contribute to our understanding the role of spontaneous activity in developmental processes of the nervous system. In mice during postnatal days 1-9, retinal waves are generated by cholinergic starburst amacrine cells (SACs), which are excitatory retinal interneurons at this stage. Starburst amacrine cells exhibit slow afterhyperpolarizations that are thought to set a refractory period and thus the periodicity and frequency of waves. Using an array of electrophysiological methods such as patch-clamp and multi-electrode array recordings, and calcium imaging, we showed that the 2- pore potassium channel TREK1 underlies SACs slow afterhyperpolarization and thus wave frequency. First, we found that the SACs afterhyperpolarization is physiologically and pharmacologically consistent with a slow potassium current generated by a 2-pore potassium channel. Second, gene expression analysis of SACs revealed the expression of TREK1. Lastly, either silencing the putative TREK1-activated signaling pathways or knocking out TREK1 increases the frequency of retinal waves. Our work provides an example of how molecular mechanisms generate specific spatiotemporal properties of waves, which are important for the development of the visual system. In addition to instructing the wiring of retinal inputs to the visual centers of the brain, retinal waves influence developmental aspects within the retina. Prior to the onset of vision, which happens after cessation of waves, the retina relies on intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) for light detection. We explored the influence of spontaneous retinal waves on the ipRGC-dependent light response of the developing retina. We combined patch- clamp recordings, calcium imaging, multi-electrode array recordings, and tracer coupling, among other methods to determine interactions between cholinergic waves and ipRGC circuits. First, we found that ipRGCs form gap junction connections with other retinal neurons, including other ipRGCs. Second, blocking cholinergic waves induces ipRGCs to form more gap junction connections. Third, blocking waves dramatically increases the number of light-responsive cells. Fourth, waves evoke dopamine release in the developing retina. Lastly, blocking dopamine signaling increases the number of light-responsive cells, similar to blocking waves. We concluded that retinal waves evoke dopamine release that act on ipRGC to down regulate their gap junction coupling. Thus, retinal waves modulate ipRGC gap junction coupling via dopaminergic signaling to regulate the overall light response of the developing retina. To further explore the properties of the light responses of developing ipRGCs, we characterized their light-evoked calcium transients. There are 5 different types of ipRGCs identified in adult mice, and 3 physiological types in developing mice. Pooling data from a large population of ipRGCs we analyzed amplitude, latency, and response decay of ipRGC light responses. We found that although amplitude and latency exhibited a large variation across cells, they could not be used to classify cells into different subtypes of ipRGCs. In contrast, response decay showed multimodal distributions and thus potential as a classifier for developing ipRGC types. This work contributes to our understanding of light-sensing in the developing retina.
Book Synopsis Circuits in the Brain by : Charles Legéndy
Download or read book Circuits in the Brain written by Charles Legéndy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-20 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Charles Legéndy’s Circuits in the Brain: A Model of Shape Processing in the Primary Visual Cortex is published at a time marked by unprecedented advances in experimental brain research which are, however, not matched by similar advances in theoretical insight. For this reason, the timing is ideal for the appearance of Dr. Legéndy’s book, which undertakes to derive certain global features of the brain directly from the neurons. Circuits in the Brain, with its “relational firing” model of shape processing, includes a step-by-step development of a set of multi-neuronal networks for transmitting visual relations, using a strategy believed to be equally applicable to many aspects of brain function other than vision. The book contains a number of testable predictions at the neuronal level, some believed to be accessible to the techniques which have recently become available. With its novel approach and concrete references to anatomy and physiology, the monograph promises to open up entirely new avenues of brain research, and will be particularly useful to graduate students, academics, and researchers studying neuroscience and neurobiology. In addition, since Dr. Legéndy’s book succeeds in achieving a clean logical presentation without mathematics, and uses a bare minimum of technical terminology, it may also be enjoyed by non-scientists intrigued by the intellectual challenge of the elegant devices applied inside our brain. The book is uniquely self-contained; with more than 120 annotated illustrations it goes into full detail in describing all functional and theoretical concepts on which it builds.
Download or read book Cortical Circuits written by WHITE and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This elegant book presents current evidence on the organization of the mammalian cerebral cortex. The focus on synapses and their function provides the basis for understanding how this critical part of the brain could work. Dr. White and his colleague Dr. Keller have collated an impressive mass of material. This makes the crucial information accessible and coherent. Dr. White pioneered an area of investigation that to most others, and occasionally to himself, seemed a bottomless pit of painstaking at tention to detail for the identification and enumeration of cortical syn apses. I do not recall that he or anyone else suspected, when he began to publish his now classic papers, that the work would be central to an accelerating convergence of information and ideas from neurobiology and computer science, especially artificial intelligence (AI) (Rumelhart and McClelland, 1986). The brain is the principal organ responsible for the adaptive capacities of animals. What has impressed students of biology, of medicine, and, to an extent, of philosophy is the correlation between the prominence of the cerebral cortex and the adaptive "complexity" of a particular spe cies. Most agree that the cortex is what sets Homo sapiens apart from other species quantitatively and qualitatively (Rakic, 1988). This is summarized in the first chapter.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Brain Microcircuits by : Gordon M. Shepherd
Download or read book Handbook of Brain Microcircuits written by Gordon M. Shepherd and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to focus on principles, each chapter in this work is brief, organized around 1-3 wiring diagrams of the key circuits, with several pages of text that distil the functional significance of each microcircuit
Book Synopsis Discovering the Brain by : National Academy of Sciences
Download or read book Discovering the Brain written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."
Book Synopsis Handbook of Infant Perception by : Philip Salapatek
Download or read book Handbook of Infant Perception written by Philip Salapatek and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than a decade has passed since the publication in 1975 of Cohen and Salapatek's compendium on infant perception. Since that time the field has grown considerably, with the result that where there were substantive omissions in many sub-areas of the field 10 years ago--such as developmental anatomy, effector mechanisms in vision, visual psychophysics, color perception, and cross-modal integration--it is possible now to8prepare new volumes in which topics ranging from sensory to cognitive processes are treated systematically without any glaring omissions. Hence, the Handbook of Infant Perception.**contributors are among the leading researchers in their fields**comprehensive coverage of the range of topics from sensation to cognition**coherent state-of-the-field presentation
Book Synopsis The Visual Brain in Action by : David Milner
Download or read book The Visual Brain in Action written by David Milner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-10-12 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1995, this book presents a model for understanding the visual processing underlying perception and action, proposing a broad distinction within the brain between two kinds of vision: conscious perception and unconscious 'online' vision.
