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Author : Lothar H. Ruhnke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Electrification Processes in Warm Rain Clouds written by Lothar H. Ruhnke and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lothar H. Ruhnke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (166 download)
Download or read book Electrification Processes in Warm Rain Clouds written by Lothar H. Ruhnke and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of electrical charges on raindrops from non-thunderstorm clouds is investigated. Measurements of raindrop charges, precipitation currents and space charges made in various parts of the world indicate that on the average positive charges prevail on raindrops. To explain rain charges, a well known hypothesis requires the melting of snow. In Hawaii, however, rain often forms by condensation and coalescence without ice or snow in the upper portions of the cloud. Yet raindrop charges do not differ from charges measured in other types of rain. Measurements of charges on Hawaiian rain are discussed together with observations of electrical field and condensation nuclei profiles. It was found that positive charges are of the order of 10−4 esu. A correlation of these charges with wind speed was found. Electric fields in rain clouds are generally positive except at the lower cloud boundary where negative fields of up to -1000 V/m exist. Several thunderstorm theories are discussed and their applicability to the warm mechanism is examined. A new hypothesis is necessary to explain the observed electrical features of warm rain. A theory based on influence is presented and formulated. Due to low electrical conductivity inside the cloud, positive space charges form in the upper part of the cloud and negative in the lower, influenced by an impressed conduction current from above the cloud. These space charges diffuse to the raindrops. Considering a coalescence mechanism for drop growth, the residence time of raindrops in the negative space charge area is much smaller than the corresponding time in the positive area, and so the drops usually leave the cloud with a positive charge. Numerical solutions to drop charges and electric field profiles using a realistic cloud model were obtained through the use of digital computer techniques. The theoretical results for charges on raindrops and electric field patterns agree well with observations.
Author : Lothar H. Ruhnke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Electrification Processes in Warm Rain Clouds written by Lothar H. Ruhnke and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of electrical charges on raindrops from non-thunderstorm clouds is investigated. Measurements of raindrop charges, precipitation currents and space charges made in various parts of the world indicate that on the average positive charges prevail on raindrops. To explain rain charges, a well known hypothesis requires the melting of snow. In Hawaii, however, rain often forms by condensation and coalescence without ice or snow in the upper portions of the cloud. Yet raindrop charges do not differ from charges measured in other types of rain. Measurements of charges on Hawaiian rain are discussed together with observations of electrical field and condensation nuclei profiles. It was found that positive charges are of the order of 10−4 esu. A correlation of these charges with wind speed was found. Electric fields in rain clouds are generally positive except at the lower cloud boundary where negative fields of up to -1000 V/m exist. Several thunderstorm theories are discussed and their applicability to the warm mechanism is examined. A new hypothesis is necessary to explain the observed electrical features of warm rain. A theory based on influence is presented and formulated. Due to low electrical conductivity inside the cloud, positive space charges form in the upper part of the cloud and negative in the lower, influenced by an impressed conduction current from above the cloud. These space charges diffuse to the raindrops. Considering a coalescence mechanism for drop growth, the residence time of raindrops in the negative space charge area is much smaller than the corresponding time in the positive area, and so the drops usually leave the cloud with a positive charge. Numerical solutions to drop charges and electric field profiles using a realistic cloud model were obtained through the use of digital computer techniques. The theoretical results for charges on raindrops and electric field patterns agree well with observations.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1134 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Environmental Science Information Center. Library and Information Services Division
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Book Catalog of the Library and Information Services Division: Subject index written by Environmental Science Information Center. Library and Information Services Division and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Environmental Science Information Center. Library and Information Services Division
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Book catalog of the Library and Information Services Division written by Environmental Science Information Center. Library and Information Services Division and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)
Download or read book Air Pollution Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1068 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book N.A.P.C.A. Abstract Bulletin written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 1068 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 590 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)
Download or read book Business Service Check List written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Publications of the ESSA Research Laboratories written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Environmental Science Information Center. Library and Information Services Division
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Book Catalog of the Library and Information Services Division: Shelf list catalog written by Environmental Science Information Center. Library and Information Services Division and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Superintendent of Documents
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1464 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by United States. Superintendent of Documents and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Superintendent of Documents
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1504 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications, Cumulative Index written by United States. Superintendent of Documents and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 1504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : W. D. Komhyr
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Ozonesonde Observations, 1962-1966 written by W. D. Komhyr and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Environmental Science Services Administration
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book ESSA Technical Report ERL. written by United States. Environmental Science Services Administration and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 682 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book APCL. written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
