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Egypt And The Politics Of Us Economic Aid
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Book Synopsis Egypt And The Politics Of U.s. Economic Aid by : Marvin G. Weinbaum
Download or read book Egypt And The Politics Of U.s. Economic Aid written by Marvin G. Weinbaum and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-04 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The massive U.S. economic aid program for Egypt initiated in 1975 resulted in a bilateral aid relationship shaped by the interaction of political and development goals. In this study of the program's origins and consequences, Professor Weinbaum describes its scope and identifies the constraints that delayed and limited program implementation. The author discusses the modest U.S. leverage designed to encourage economic reforms and argues that far-reaching reforms could only be attained through a major change in Egypt's political structure. He finds that, despite its failure to make Egypt more economically self-reliant, U.S. assistance has enabled the country to attain a level of consumption and development planning possible with no other alternative. The profit to the United States results from the regime's moderate foreign policies and compatible views on strategic threats to the region. Despite the mutual benefits of this aid program, Professor Weinbaum concludes that the United States must display greater sensitivity to Egypt's political and economic problems if the "special relationship" is to survive through the 1980s.
Book Synopsis Egypt and American Foreign Assistance 1952–1956 by : J. Alterman
Download or read book Egypt and American Foreign Assistance 1952–1956 written by J. Alterman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2002-10-03 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the ground up the story of missed opportunities, mixed messages, and mutual frustrations in American relations with Egypt at a seminal time. Unprecedented in its drawing on Egyptian official sources, Hopes Dashed sheds new light on the difficulties and challenges of a nascent relationship characterized by missed opportunities, mixed messages, and mutual frustrations. However beneficial the intentions of those on the ground, their desire for Egyptian economic development was stymied by bureaucratic obstacles both in Egypt and the United States. And as Egypt became embroiled in the Cold War, policy decisions increasingly were made at higher levels by officials more concerned with geopolitical and Arab-Israeli issues and less how U.S. assistance could help the domestic political economy of Egypt. Alterman compellingly shows how the interests of both countries diverged to eventually undermine an early American attempt at economic assistance.
Book Synopsis Economic Aid and American Policy toward Egypt, 1955-1981 by : William J. Burns
Download or read book Economic Aid and American Policy toward Egypt, 1955-1981 written by William J. Burns and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1985-06-30 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gamal Abdel Nasser's 1955 decision to barter Egyptian cotton for Soviet bloc weaponry thrust Egypt onto center stage in the Cold War in the Middle East. What Egypt needed most, and what the United States was uniquely equipped to provide, was economic aid. For the Egyptian government--eager to take rapid strides toward economic development but crippled by a burgeoning population, a paucity of arable land, and a meager reserve of foreign exchange--American economic aid promised to serve as an enormously important crutch. For American policymakers, economic assistance appeared to be an ideal means of developing American influence in Egypt. Few aid relationships in the last three decades can match the drama and significance of the U.S.-Egyptian experience. This study shows how the American government attempted to use its economic aid program to induce or coerce Egypt to support U.S. interests in the Middle East in the quarter century following the 1955 Czech-Egyptian arms agreement. William J. Burns has analyzed recently released government documents and interviews with former policymakers to throw light on the use of aid as a tool of American policy toward the Nasser regime. He also offers valuable observations on the role of the American economic assistance program in the Sadat era.
Book Synopsis Egypt and American Foreign Assistance 1952–1956 by : J. Alterman
Download or read book Egypt and American Foreign Assistance 1952–1956 written by J. Alterman and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2002-11-22 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the ground up the story of missed opportunities, mixed messages, and mutual frustrations in American relations with Egypt at a seminal time. Unprecedented in its drawing on Egyptian official sources, Hopes Dashed sheds new light on the difficulties and challenges of a nascent relationship characterized by missed opportunities, mixed messages, and mutual frustrations. However beneficial the intentions of those on the ground, their desire for Egyptian economic development was stymied by bureaucratic obstacles both in Egypt and the United States. And as Egypt became embroiled in the Cold War, policy decisions increasingly were made at higher levels by officials more concerned with geopolitical and Arab-Israeli issues and less how U.S. assistance could help the domestic political economy of Egypt. Alterman compellingly shows how the interests of both countries diverged to eventually undermine an early American attempt at economic assistance.
Book Synopsis Politics and Development in Foreign Aid by : Marvin G. Weinbaum
Download or read book Politics and Development in Foreign Aid written by Marvin G. Weinbaum and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis US Economic Aid in Egypt by : Dina Jadallah
Download or read book US Economic Aid in Egypt written by Dina Jadallah and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2016-01-27 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic aid is one of the cornerstones of the Egyptian-American relationship, and plays a significant role in promoting US policy objectives in the Middle East. Focusing on the latter half of Hosni Mubarak's rule, Dina Jadallah argues that, through its aid policy, the US has attempted to use a reforming and democratising narrative to transform Egypt into a stable "market democracy" that would be aligned with US interests in the region. This aim has been pursued in conjunction with one that promoted a comprehensive "warm peace" with Israel. By highlighting the opposition within Egypt to US aid, Jadallah analyses the key issues that came to the fore during the 2010/11 protests in the country and led to the downfall of Mubarak. Extending her analysis into the post-revolutionary period, the author provides interviews with regime insiders and prominent critics, inside state institutions and outside, who actively challenged the regime. This enables her to assess the different perceptions of US aid both under Mubarak and in the current political situation, contributing to an incisive analysis of modern Egypt and its relations with its superpower ally in the region.
Book Synopsis U.S. Assistance to Egypt by : Marian Cortez
Download or read book U.S. Assistance to Egypt written by Marian Cortez and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since the late 1970s. U.S. policy makers have routinely explained aid to Egypt as an investment in regional stability, built primarily on long-running co-operation with the Egyptian military and on sustaining the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. U.S. policy makers are now debating complex questions about the future of U.S.-Egypt relations, and these debates and events in Egypt are shaping consideration of appropriations and authorization legislation in the 114th Congress. This book provides an overview of the key issues for Congress related to Egypt and U.S. foreign aid to Egypt.
Book Synopsis Foreign Aid Politics and Rural Sector Development by : Marvin G. Weinbaum
Download or read book Foreign Aid Politics and Rural Sector Development written by Marvin G. Weinbaum and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Egypt written by Jeremy M. Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2017-04-06 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an overview of the key issues related to Egypt and U.S. foreign aid to Egypt. Historically, Egypt has been an important country for U.S. national security interests based on its geography, demography, and diplomatic posture. The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since the late 1970s. Successive U.S. administrations have justified aid to Egypt as an investment in regional stability, built primarily on long-running cooperation with the Egyptian military and on sustaining the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. U.S. leaders also have consistently expressed concerns about governance and human rights in Egypt, and differences over these issues have tested bilateral relations repeatedly in recent years. The United States encouraged Egypt's long-serving president Hosni Mubarak to step down in 2011 in the face of a popular uprising, and revised U.S. assistance programs two years later, when the Egyptian military intervened to oust Mubarak's elected successor amid popular demands. Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el Sisi, who led the 2013 military intervention and was elected in mid-2014, reportedly has high hopes for improving bilateral relations through engagement with the Trump Administration. The Obama Administration first suspended and then recast U.S. assistance for Egypt after 2013, with Congress enacting legislation placing evolving conditions on continued U.S. aid. During the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign, then-candidate Trump attempted to differentiate his approach to Egypt from then-President Obama by personally praising Sisi and vowing to strengthen the bilateral relationship if elected. Some observers express concern that any improvement in U.S.-Egyptian ties may come at the expense of human rights in Egypt. Egypt's economy remains weak, the government faces significant fiscal challenges, and campaigns of insurgent and terrorist violence by various groups threaten the country's security. Reports in the Egyptian media indicate that the Sisi administration is seeking, among other things, a restoration of certain major U.S. defense equipment sales to Egypt, an overall increase in U.S. aid to Egypt, and a U.S. designation of the Muslim Brotherhood as a foreign terrorist organization. The Trump Administration may want Egypt to improve its counterterrorism and counter-insurgency efforts in the Sinai Peninsula, participate in a new international military coalition of Arab states, and play a more active role in Israeli-Palestinian peacemaking. Between 1948 and 2016, the United States provided Egypt with $77.4 billion in bilateral foreign aid (calculated in historical dollars-not adjusted for inflation), including $1.3 billion a year in military aid from 1987 to the present. This report discusses the conditions governing the release of these funds. All U.S. foreign aid to Egypt (or any recipient) is appropriated and authorized by Congress. All U.S. military aid to Egypt finances the procurement of weapons systems and services from U.S. defense contractors. President Obama requested that Congress appropriate $1.3 billion in FY2017 military assistance and $150 million in FY2017 economic aid for Egypt. Foreign Operations appropriations legislation considered in the 114th Congress (H.R. 5912 and S. 3117) would have provided the requested military assistance, with the Senate version of the bill providing $75 million in economic aid and including the FY2016 appropriations act's withholding of 15% of FMF for Egypt from obligation until the Secretary of State can certify that Egypt is taking effective steps toward democracy and effective governance, among other things.
Author :U.s. Army Command and General Staff College Publisher :CreateSpace ISBN 13 :9781500568238 Total Pages :32 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (682 download)
Book Synopsis Historical Review of U.s. Foreign Aid As a Tool of Foreign Policy in Israel and Egypt During 1952-1969 by : U.s. Army Command and General Staff College
Download or read book Historical Review of U.s. Foreign Aid As a Tool of Foreign Policy in Israel and Egypt During 1952-1969 written by U.s. Army Command and General Staff College and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-07-18 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign aid is considered a continuation of diplomacy by other means and a tool of foreign policy. However, in the current lean economic times, the competition for limited budgetary resources is fierce and the effectiveness of U.S. foreign aid at projecting U.S. influence is hotly debated within the government and the American public. This research builds on previous studies by examining the use of foreign aid as a U.S. foreign policy tool in Egypt and Israel through select historical examples from the 1950s and 1960s. The United States considers the Middle East stability to be a top national security priority and Israel and Egypt are important, influential players in the region. This research analyzed U.S. military and economic aid and the corresponding foreign policy objectives for amount and type of aid given to Israel and Egypt during this time period. U.S. foreign policy objectives were identified in the documents of the Foreign Relations of the United States. The resulting responses of Israel and Egypt were identified to infer the effectiveness of using U.S. foreign aid at achieving the U.S. foreign policy objectives. The historical review of the foreign relations of the United States for Egypt and Israel during the 1950s and 1960s showed that the United States attempted to use foreign aid to maintain influence with Israel and Egypt as well as to counter communism in the region. However, the historical examples for Israel and Egypt showed that foreign aid was an ineffectual tool of foreign policy when the priorities of the giver and the recipient are not aligned. When U.S. foreign policy objectives for the aid were at opposition to Israel's political agenda, Israel was able to out-maneuver, delay, and finally outlast the United States during the negotiations for key military aid that Israel considered necessary for its security. For Egypt, the incentive of U.S. foreign aid had little influence on directing Egyptian policies away from the Soviet Union toward the United States when the Soviet Union was an alternative source of aid with seemingly no strings attached.
Book Synopsis Observations and Recommendations on the U.S. Economic Aid Program to Egypt by : Roy L. Prosterman
Download or read book Observations and Recommendations on the U.S. Economic Aid Program to Egypt written by Roy L. Prosterman and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Politics of Foreign Aid by : Muḥammad Rabīʻ
Download or read book The Politics of Foreign Aid written by Muḥammad Rabīʻ and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1988-12-14 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: United States aid to Israel averages a staggering $21 billion per year. Yet, as this insightful volume explains, that aid has failed to serve both U.S. and Israeli interests. The Politics of Foreign Aid discusses how the appropriation of foreign aid is often controlled by lobbyists and U.S. domestic concerns rather than by Israeli needs. This clear and thorough examination begins with a description of the objectives, major programs, and historical background of U.S. aid to Israel--military aid, economic aid, and private grants and subsidies. The final section analyzes the effect that foregin aid has had on Israel and predicts the role that aid will play in Israel's future. Finally, Rabie provides suggestions about how to change the role of lobbyists in influencing foreign policy.
Book Synopsis United States Development Assistance Policy by : Vernon W. Ruttan
Download or read book United States Development Assistance Policy written by Vernon W. Ruttan and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: He also examines U.S. policy toward the World Bank, United Nations agencies, and other international development assistance organizations.
Book Synopsis AMERICAN ECONOMIC AID TO EGYPT, 1975--86: POLITICAL AND BUREAUCRATIC STRUGGLES OVER AID DISBURSEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT CHOICES. by : DENIS JOSEPH SULLIVAN
Download or read book AMERICAN ECONOMIC AID TO EGYPT, 1975--86: POLITICAL AND BUREAUCRATIC STRUGGLES OVER AID DISBURSEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT CHOICES. written by DENIS JOSEPH SULLIVAN and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: those Americans and Egyptians responsible for promoting development projects as well as within these individual bureaucracies and governments.
Download or read book Egypt written by Jeremy M. Sharp and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Contents: (1) Turning a Page in U.S.-Egyptian Relations?: U.S. Co. Loses Egyptian Nuclear Contract; (2) Historical Background: Egypt During the Colonial Era; The Constitutional Monarchy and the British; Nasser and Egypt During the Cold War; Egypt-Israeli Peace; The Camp David Agreement and 1979 Peace Treaty; Egypt Under Mubarak; (3) Regime Structure; (4) Political Opposition and Civil Society; (5) Current Issues in U.S.-Egyptian Relations: Egypt¿s Regional Role; Isolating Hamas; The 2008-09 Israel-Hamas War in Gaza; Smuggling Tunnels; The Release of Gilad Shalit?; Hezbollah Cell in Egypt; The Economy and U.S-Egyptian Trade; Human Rights, Religious Freedom, and Women¿s Rights; (6) U.S. Foreign Assistance. Map and table.
Book Synopsis US Assistance, Development, and Hierarchy in the Middle East by : Anne Mariel Zimmermann
Download or read book US Assistance, Development, and Hierarchy in the Middle East written by Anne Mariel Zimmermann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-21 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does US aid “buy” in the Middle East? Drawing on extensive primary source research, this book examines the role and consequences of US aid to three countries in the Middle East. The author argues that the political survival strategies of incumbent leaders in Egypt, Israel, and Jordan shaped not only the type of aid that these countries received from the US, but also its developmental and geopolitical impact. Leaders who relied heavily on distributing selective benefits to their ruling coalitions were more likely to receive forms of US aid that complemented their distributive political economies and undermined the state’s developmental capacity, which simultaneously rendered them more dependent on US resources, and more likely to cede fragments of their sovereignty to their major donor. Non-distributive leaders, however, could reap the full benefits of highly discretionary and technologically sophisticated aid, incorporating it into developmental policies that rendered them progressively less dependent on Washington—and better able to say “no” when it was in their best interest.
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Reforms in Egypt by : Khalid Ikram
Download or read book The Political Economy of Reforms in Egypt written by Khalid Ikram and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on Khalid Ikram's extensive knowledge of economic policymaking at the highest levels, The Political Economy of Reforms in Egypt lays out the enduring features of the Egyptian economy and its performance since 1952 before presenting an account of policy-making, growth and structural change under the country's successive presidents to the present day.
