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Effects Of The Early Social Environment On Subsequent Parental Behavior And Reproductive Success In Pine Voles Microtus Pinetorum
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Book Synopsis Effects of the Early Social Environment on Subsequent Parental Behavior and Reproductive Success in Pine Voles Microtus Pinetorum by : Stephen John Salek
Download or read book Effects of the Early Social Environment on Subsequent Parental Behavior and Reproductive Success in Pine Voles Microtus Pinetorum written by Stephen John Salek and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Social Environment and Experience on Parental Care, Behavioral Development, and Reproductive Success of Prairie Voles (Microtus Ochrogaster) by : Zuoxin Wang
Download or read book Effects of Social Environment and Experience on Parental Care, Behavioral Development, and Reproductive Success of Prairie Voles (Microtus Ochrogaster) written by Zuoxin Wang and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science by :
Download or read book Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Variation in Early Social Networks by : Forrest Dylan Rogers
Download or read book Variation in Early Social Networks written by Forrest Dylan Rogers and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For altricial mammalian species, early life social bonds are essential for survival and successful biobehavioral development. In the majority of mammalian species, these earliest social bonds are formed primarily between offspring and their mothers, and the mother-offspring relationship sets the trajectory for offspring biobehavioral development. However, in the rare subset of mammals that demonstrate biparental care and/or alloparental care, other adult and sub-adult caregivers join mothers to shape the early life social environment of developing offspring. One finds such a case with the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), for whom paternal care is not only common, but perhaps requisite for normative biobehavioral development. Previous study of the socially monogamous, biparental, and cooperatively breeding prairie vole has given insight into the role that mothers and fathers play in shaping behavioral phenotypes of offspring. Here, we first discuss the ultimate and proximate mechanisms of maternal, paternal, and alloparental care, with emphasis on recent trends in research. Subsequently, we present three studies exploring the role of fathers and alloparents in prairie vole biobehavioral development. In the first study, we present evidence that prairie vole fathers increase their parental effort from litter to subsequent litter in order to compensate for declines in maternal care; thus, prairie vole fathers may play an important role in maintaining stability in the parenting environment across offspring cohorts. In the second study, we revisit previous findings that, in prairie voles, paternal absence (also known as 'paternal deprivation') in the pre-weaning development of offspring alters biobehavioral development, perhaps most notably through the inhibition of normative pairbond development. By leveraging alloparental care, we sought to determine whether this altered development is due to the absence of specific paternal qualities or a general reduction in pup-directed care. Through a series of early-life observations of parental care and major developmental milestones, as well as through behavioral tests in adulthood, we demonstrate that female sub-adult alloparents (i.e., big sisters), by and large, successfully replace fathers, perhaps indicating that the primary mechanism that drives the developmental consequences of paternal absence is a reduction in the quantity of parental care received. In one notable exception, we demonstrate that male offspring reared with a mother and an alloparent are, despite this quantitative replacement of care, unable to form a typical pair bond, whereas their female siblings do form typical pair bonds. This finding suggests that for male prairie vole offspring, fathers may contribute a particular quality or set of qualities important for normative development of species-typical mating behavior. In a third and final study, we expand upon our second study with an investigation of potential neuroendocrine substrates of these behavioral differences. We present evidence that paternal absence (with and without alloparental substitution) may alter the development of oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and/or vasopressin 1a receptor (AVPR1a) distribution in male and female prairie voles. We also demonstrate with baseline corticosterone concentrations that offspring reared by mothers alone and offspring reared by a mother and an alloparent are neither more or less susceptible to social isolation than biparentally-reared controls. Taken together, our findings clarify the scope and nature of paternal and alloparental influence on offspring biobehavioral development in the prairie vole.
Book Synopsis Effects of Paternal Care in the Early Environment on the Growth, Development, Survival, and Subsequent Paternal Behavior in Prairie Voles, Microtus Ochrogaster by : Robert Bruce Griffin
Download or read book Effects of Paternal Care in the Early Environment on the Growth, Development, Survival, and Subsequent Paternal Behavior in Prairie Voles, Microtus Ochrogaster written by Robert Bruce Griffin and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Social Behavior of the Pine Vole (Microtus Pinetorum) by : Philip Oliver Renzullo
Download or read book The Social Behavior of the Pine Vole (Microtus Pinetorum) written by Philip Oliver Renzullo and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Social Systems and Population Cycles in Voles by : R. Tamarin
Download or read book Social Systems and Population Cycles in Voles written by R. Tamarin and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biology, Economic Effects, and Management of the Pine Vole(Microtus Pinetorum) in New York by : Pamela Nielsen Miller
Download or read book Biology, Economic Effects, and Management of the Pine Vole(Microtus Pinetorum) in New York written by Pamela Nielsen Miller and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Age at Pairing on Survival, Weight, and Reproductive Output in Female Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum) by : Anne Sidlo Hellkamp
Download or read book The Effect of Age at Pairing on Survival, Weight, and Reproductive Output in Female Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum) written by Anne Sidlo Hellkamp and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Consequences of Natural Variation in Early Life Care in the Biparental Prairie Vole (Microtus Ochrogaster) by : Allison Marie Perkeybile
Download or read book Consequences of Natural Variation in Early Life Care in the Biparental Prairie Vole (Microtus Ochrogaster) written by Allison Marie Perkeybile and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The early rearing environment has the potential to permanently alter the developmental trajectory of offspring. Decades of research in rats have shown that differences in the mother-infant relationship, both those that are naturally occurring and those that are experimentally induced, can result in lasting changes in outcomes such as social and anxiety-like behavior, and stress physiology. In particular, offspring reared by rat dams that display high levels of licking and grooming in the neonatal period show decreased levels of anxiety-like behavior and increased maternal care as well as display a more tightly regulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to acute stress as adults. What remains to be determined is how biparental rearing may shape these outcomes. Prairie voles, a monogamous biparental rodent, were used to determine whether breeding pairs show variation in offspring care and what influence this variation in early care has on the display of social behavior and stress reactivity in response to a social stressor in later life. In addition, the mode of inheritance from parent to offspring was determined for alloparental behavior as well as oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) receptor distribution. Results indicate that prairie vole breeding pairs exhibit naturally occurring variation in the type and amount of care directed toward offspring in the neonatal period. The amount of care given to pups is consistent across litters within a single breeding pair but varies considerably across all pairs in the colony. In ranking all pairs in relation to one another based on the amount of care given to offspring, those in the top quartile were high-contact (HC) pairs while those in the bottom quartile were low-contact (LC) pairs. Offspring reared by HC parents display increases in pro-social behavior as adolescents toward a novel juvenile as well as an unrelated infant. Using cross-fostering methods, it was determine that this alloparental behavior was transmitted from parent to offspring via non-genomic mechanisms. Alloparenting behaviors of offspring were predicted by the parental behaviors of their rearing parents. Meanwhile, OT and AVP receptor distributions were transmitted in a sex-dependent genomic fashion. Male offspring displayed OT and AVP receptor binding that was predicted by his genetic father while female offspring displayed OT and AVP receptor binding that was predicted by her genetic mother. In an intrasexual aggression test, an acute social stressor, LC male offspring initiated significantly more aggressive interactions with a novel non-aggressive stimulus animal while HC female offspring had an increased number and density of AVP-immunoreactive cells and fibers in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. In addition, HC female offspring also had elevated plasma corticosterone levels after 4 weeks of social isolation, a chronic social stressor. These results indicate that the prairie vole is a useful model in studying the effects of variation in early care of offspring in a biparental species. Breeding pairs show consistent variation in care of their offspring, and this variation in early experience, although more subtle than past models of early life manipulations, is associated with alterations in social behavior in adolescent offspring. Cross-fostering revealed distinct and differential modes of transmission for social behavior and neuropeptide receptor distribution phenotypes, indicating that the early life environment may shape behavior and physiology through different mechanisms. Lastly, responses to social stress in adulthood were found to be both sex- and early-experience dependent. Taken together, these findings move toward establishing the prairie vole as a model of early parent-offspring interaction and allow for the study of early-life influences on social and physiological developmental trajectories in offspring.
Book Synopsis Dietary Influence on Reproduction and Development of Pine Voles, Microtus Pinetorum by : Jason Barry Searle
Download or read book Dietary Influence on Reproduction and Development of Pine Voles, Microtus Pinetorum written by Jason Barry Searle and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Juvenile Helpers on Parental Care of Younger Siblings in Pine Vole Pairs (Microtus Pinetorum) by : Susan Leigh Thomas
Download or read book Effect of Juvenile Helpers on Parental Care of Younger Siblings in Pine Vole Pairs (Microtus Pinetorum) written by Susan Leigh Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reproductive Activation in Female Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum) by : Tammy Marie Schwab
Download or read book Reproductive Activation in Female Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum) written by Tammy Marie Schwab and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of Juvenile Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum) in the Caretaking of Their Younger Siblings by : John J. Fried
Download or read book The Role of Juvenile Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum) in the Caretaking of Their Younger Siblings written by John J. Fried and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Endocrine Disruptors on the Monogamous Pine Vole (Microtus Pinetorum) by : Miles Dean Engell
Download or read book The Effect of Endocrine Disruptors on the Monogamous Pine Vole (Microtus Pinetorum) written by Miles Dean Engell and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: arginine vasopressin, paternal behavior, preference test, cingulate cortex, oxytocin.
Book Synopsis Ontogenetic Variation and the Plasticity of Neurobiological and Behavioral Phenotypes in the Socially Monogamous Prairie Vole (Microtus Ochrogaster) by : Lisa Christine Hiura
Download or read book Ontogenetic Variation and the Plasticity of Neurobiological and Behavioral Phenotypes in the Socially Monogamous Prairie Vole (Microtus Ochrogaster) written by Lisa Christine Hiura and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With everchanging environmental contexts and dynamic social partners, the ability to continuously integrate information and make adaptations is essential for an animal's survival and fitness. Early experiences powerfully shape the phenotypic trajectories of offspring, such that conspecifics can exhibit wildly divergent behaviors in the same contexts. The causes and consequences of social behavioral diversity are rooted in the plasticity of neuroendocrine signaling systems, which also serve fundamental roles in the functional and structural development of the brain. Critically, we still know little of the mechanisms by which complex experiences are encoded in the brains of developing offspring to pattern behavioral variation in latter stages of life. This thesis investigates the impact(s) of multifactorial early life experiences on the ontogeny of neural phenotypes in the biparental prairie vole system. In chapter 2, I describe the ages at which distinct subregions of the medial extended amygdala begin to functionally respond to changes in social context. In chapters 3 and 4 I follow with a characterization of how multiple dimensions of the rearing environment independently and synergistically shape the profiles of oxytocin and vasopressin receptors, their peptide-producing cell groups, and age-specific offspring behaviors. The data reveal that region-specific receptor densities are contingent upon an animal's sex, a father's presence or absence within the natal nest, the complexity of the juvenile weaning environment, and the higher-order interactions thereof. Furthermore, the absence of a father during the rearing period predicts a more socially permissive offspring phenotype, and lower numbers of oxytocinergic cells in the adult hypothalamus. However, these outcomes are contingent upon family handling conditions, indicating that alternate early life factors can offset or exacerbate the influence of paternal care. Finally, in chapter 5 I describe the reciprocal effect of variation in pup rearing experiences on parental phenotypes. Parental behaviors are surprisingly consistent across parenting contexts, but the associations between behavior and vasopressin cell groups display experience dependent plasticity. Altogether this body of work exhibits the extensive plasticity of behavior and underlying nonapeptide mechanisms, emphasizing the importance of examining environmental interactions within and across the lifespan of the prairie vole.
Book Synopsis Population Ecology and Social Biology of a Free-ranging Population of Pine Voles, Microtus Pinetorum by : Randall William Fitzgerald
Download or read book Population Ecology and Social Biology of a Free-ranging Population of Pine Voles, Microtus Pinetorum written by Randall William Fitzgerald and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
