Effects Of Stereotype Threat On Females In Math And Science Fields

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Effects of Stereotype Threat on Females in Math and Science Fields

Author : Alice Anne Hardee Bailey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (575 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Stereotype Threat on Females in Math and Science Fields by : Alice Anne Hardee Bailey

Download or read book Effects of Stereotype Threat on Females in Math and Science Fields written by Alice Anne Hardee Bailey and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A mediated-moderation model of stereotype threat was tested. Domain identification and motivational orientation were treated as moderators of the threat effect on self-efficacy and cognitive interference, which were hypothesized to mediate the threat-performance relationship. Participants were primed with stereotype-consistent, stereotype inconsistent, or no information regarding sex differences in mathematical abilities. While significant performance differences were found between males and females in the control and threat conditions, no differences were found in a?female benefit? condition that described a math task as favoring females. Significant sex differences in domain identity and self-efficacy were also found. Post-hoc analyses revealed that domain identification and self-efficacy explained significant amounts of variance in sex differences in math performance. The results provide general support for Steele?s theory of stereotype threat and resulting disidentification with the task domain among targets.

The Developmental Course of Gender Differentiation

Author : Lynn Liben
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 : 9781405110488
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis The Developmental Course of Gender Differentiation by : Lynn Liben

Download or read book The Developmental Course of Gender Differentiation written by Lynn Liben and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2002-12-03 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph provides an overview of historical theories in gender differentiation and suggests several new methods designed to assess the gender-related attitudes toward others and the gender-related characterization of the self in both children and adults. Old theories are tested and critically assessed in terms of more current ideas about gender differentiation. Includes commentaries by Diane Ruble and Kim Powlishta.

Stereotype Threat

Author : Michael Inzlicht
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199732442
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Stereotype Threat by : Michael Inzlicht

Download or read book Stereotype Threat written by Michael Inzlicht and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 21st century has brought with it unparalleled levels of diversity in the classroom and the workforce. It is now common to see in elementary school, high school, and university classrooms, not to mention boardrooms and factory floors, a mixture of ethnicities, races, genders, and religious affiliations. But these changes in academic and economic opportunities have not directly translated into an elimination of group disparities in academic performance, career opportunities, and levels of advancement. Standard explanations for these disparities, which are vehemently debated in the scientific community and popular press, range from the view that women and minorities are genetically endowed with inferior abilities to the view that members of these demographic groups are products of environments that frustrate the development of the skills needed for success. Although these explanations differ along a continuum of nature vs. nurture, they share in common a presumption that a large chunk of our population lacks the potential to achieve academic and career success.In contrast to intractable factors like biology or upbringing, the research summarized in this book suggests that factors in one's immediate situation play a critical yet underappreciated role in temporarily suppressing the intellectual performance of women and minorities, creating an illusion of group differences in ability. Research conducted over the course of the last fifteen years suggests the mere existence of cultural stereotypes that assert the intellectual inferiority of these groups creates a threatening intellectual environment for stigmatized individuals - a climate where anything they say or do is interpreted through the lens of low expectations. This stereotype threat can ultimately interfere with intellectual functioning and academic engagement, setting the stage for later differences in educational attainment, career choice, and job advancement.

The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy

Author : Susan L. Averett
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190878266
Total Pages : 889 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy by : Susan L. Averett

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy written by Susan L. Averett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.

The Impact of Social Change on Women's Perceptions and Performance in Math

Author : Emily Suzanne Shaffer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (748 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact of Social Change on Women's Perceptions and Performance in Math by : Emily Suzanne Shaffer

Download or read book The Impact of Social Change on Women's Perceptions and Performance in Math written by Emily Suzanne Shaffer and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Men have historically dominated the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Given that in today's society women and men have more equal opportunities than ever before, one might expect that women would be moving into these fields with a steady rate. This appears not to be the case. Despite current initiatives to encourage young, qualified women to consider careers in STEM fields, men still outnumber women four to one in all areas of employment associated with science and engineering. It is important to understand what contributes to this disparity so that strategies can be developed to address it. The present thesis focuses on one such strategy: namely, presenting women with information about their group's progress in STEM as a way to reduce women's concerns about whether they belong and are able to perform well in math. However, the framing of social progress in general is not always received positively by minorities. Therefore, group progress was either framed in relation from the past to the present, or present to the future. It was hypothesized that women would perform best on the math test when progress is framed from the past to the present. When progress was framed from present to future, stereotype threat effects were hypothesized to be somewhat buffered but not as effectively as in the past to present condition. Women in the control condition were expected to perform in a manner reflective of standard stereotype threat situations. As a secondary hypothesis, to the extent that the progress of women posed a threat to men, the knowledge of social progress of women in STEM fields from past to present was expected to cause men's performance to suffer. Because men are not negatively stereotyped in this domain, males in the control condition were expected to perform to their ability. Finally, to the extent that insufficient progress of women is not a threat to men (present to future condition), men were hypothesized to perform best. These hypotheses were examined in a 2 (Participant Gender: male vs. female) X 3 (Social Change Framework: "past to present," "present to future," control) between participants design. Sixty-two females and 53 males were told they will complete a number of tasks regarding academics and student life. As a manipulation of stereotype threat, participants were told that they would be taking a math test that has sometimes shown gender differences favoring men. They then read a short article that highlighted women's progress in STEM fields, followed by a task assessing their group efficacy. Results showed that stereotype threat effects were alleviated and women performed best when social progress was framed from the past to the present. There were no differences between females who read about progress in relation to the future and those in the control. The framing of social progress had no significant effect on males' performance. Implications for stereotype threat interventions are discussed.

Women of Color In STEM

Author : Beverly Irby
Publisher : IAP
ISBN 13 : 1648023711
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Women of Color In STEM by : Beverly Irby

Download or read book Women of Color In STEM written by Beverly Irby and published by IAP. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though there has been a rapid increase of women’s representation in law and business, their representation in STEM fields has not been matched. Researchers have revealed that there are several environmental and social barriers including stereotypes, gender bias, and the climate of science and engineering departments in colleges and universities that continue to block women’s progress in STEM. In this book, the authors address the issues that encounter women of color in STEM in higher education.

Learning Science in Informal Environments

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309141133
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Learning Science in Informal Environments by : National Research Council

Download or read book Learning Science in Informal Environments written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-05-27 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Informal science is a burgeoning field that operates across a broad range of venues and envisages learning outcomes for individuals, schools, families, and society. The evidence base that describes informal science, its promise, and effects is informed by a range of disciplines and perspectives, including field-based research, visitor studies, and psychological and anthropological studies of learning. Learning Science in Informal Environments draws together disparate literatures, synthesizes the state of knowledge, and articulates a common framework for the next generation of research on learning science in informal environments across a life span. Contributors include recognized experts in a range of disciplines-research and evaluation, exhibit designers, program developers, and educators. They also have experience in a range of settings-museums, after-school programs, science and technology centers, media enterprises, aquariums, zoos, state parks, and botanical gardens. Learning Science in Informal Environments is an invaluable guide for program and exhibit designers, evaluators, staff of science-rich informal learning institutions and community-based organizations, scientists interested in educational outreach, federal science agency education staff, and K-12 science educators.

Prejudice

Author : Janet K. Swim
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080539440
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Prejudice by : Janet K. Swim

Download or read book Prejudice written by Janet K. Swim and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-05-07 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prejudice: The Target's Perspective turns the tables on the way prejudice has been looked at in the past. Almost all of the current information on prejudice focuses on the person holding prejudiced beliefs. This book, however, provides the first summary of research focusing on the intended victims of prejudice. Divided into three sections, the first part discusses how people identify prejudice, what types of prejudice they encounter, and how people react to this prejudice in interpersonal and intergroup settings. The second section discusses the effect of prejudice on task performance, assessment of ones own abilities, self-esteem, and stress. The final section examines how people cope with prejudice, including a discussion of coping mechanisms, reporting sexual harassment, and how identity is related to effective coping. - Includes an introduction, the consequences of prejudice, and how to cope with prejudice - The editors are top researchers in the field of prejudice - All the contributors are major figures in the social psychological analysis of intergroup relationships

Coping with Minority Status

Author : Fabrizio Butera
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521854997
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Coping with Minority Status by : Fabrizio Butera

Download or read book Coping with Minority Status written by Fabrizio Butera and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-31 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Society consists of numerous interconnected, interacting, and interdependent groups, which differ in power and status. The consequences of belonging to a higher-status "majority" versus a lower-status "minority" can be profound. To understand the origins of the problems caused by majority-minority tensions and develop solutions, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of majority-minority relations. This volume brings together leading scholars in the fields of stigma, prejudice and discrimination, minority influence, and intergroup relations to provide diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives on what it means to be a minority.

Cracking the code

Author : UNESCO
Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9231002333
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Cracking the code by : UNESCO

Download or read book Cracking the code written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report aims to 'crack the code' by deciphering the factors that hinder and facilitate girls' and women's participation, achievement and continuation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education and, in particular, what the education sector can do to promote girls' and women's interest in and engagement with STEM education and ultimately STEM careers.

Academic Motivation of Adolescents

Author : Tim Urdan
Publisher : IAP
ISBN 13 : 1607525542
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Academic Motivation of Adolescents by : Tim Urdan

Download or read book Academic Motivation of Adolescents written by Tim Urdan and published by IAP. This book was released on 2002-09-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few academic issues are of greater concern to teachers, parents, and school administrators than the academic motivation of the adolescents in their care. There are good reasons for this concern. Students who are academically motivated perform better in school, value their schooling, are future-oriented in their academic pursuits, and possess the academic confidence and positive feelings of self-worth so necessary to increasing academic achievement. Because academically motivated students engage their schoolwork with confidence and interest, they are less likely to drop out of school, suffer fewer disciplinary problems, and prove resilient in the face of setbacks and obstacles. It is precisely because academic motivation is so essential to academic achievement that motivation has taken a place along with cognition as one of the most followed lines of inquiry in educational psychology. In this volume, we are fortunate to gather together some of the most eminent scholars who have written extensively about the academic motivation of adolescents. We are fortunate also in that they represent the varied theories and lines of inquiry that currently dominate research in this area. In all, we believe that in the dozen chapters that comprise this volume, the authors provide elegant insights regarding the academic and social motivation of adolescents that will prove of interest to researchers, students, teachers, school administrators, parents, policymakers, and all others who play a pivotal role or are otherwise invested in the lives of adolescents in today's society. It is our hope that these insights will not only further the conversation on adolescence and education, but will serve as the impetus for further research capable of generating the creative ideas, programs, and structures so necessary to better the lives of the young people in our care.

The Role of Attributions in Stereotype Threat Effects

Author : Caitlyn Yantis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (883 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Attributions in Stereotype Threat Effects by : Caitlyn Yantis

Download or read book The Role of Attributions in Stereotype Threat Effects written by Caitlyn Yantis and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite some advances, the gender gap in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields persists. Stereotype threat has been cited as a debilitating phenomenon that may contribute to the underrepresentation of women in STEM domains (e.g., Ambady, Shih, Kim, & Pittinsky,2001). Using the attributional model of stereotypes (Reyna, 2000), the current work explores the role of attributions in a stereotype threat context. Seventy-two female undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of four attribution conditions to explain female detriments in logical reasoning: effort, ability, society, or no stereotype. All participants then completed a test of logical reasoning. Although previous research has shown that when gender differences are attributed to effort, stereotype threat effects are reduced (i.e., women do not display performance deficits), the current results suggest that although participants in this condition attempted more problems, their accuracy was compromised as a result. The results are discussed in terms of the demands of women in STEM domains as well as the unique information implied by attributional stereotypes.

Why So Few?

Author : Catherine Hill
Publisher : Aauw Educational Foundation
ISBN 13 : 9781879922402
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (224 download)

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Book Synopsis Why So Few? by : Catherine Hill

Download or read book Why So Few? written by Catherine Hill and published by Aauw Educational Foundation. This book was released on 2010 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In an era when women are increasingly prominent in medicine, law and business, why are there so few women scientists and engineers? A new research report by AAUW presents compelling evidence that can help to explain this puzzle. Why So Few? Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics presents in-depth yet accessible profiles of eight key research findings that point to environmental and social barriers - including stereotypes, gender bias and the climate of science and engineering departments in colleges and universities - that continue to block women's participation and progress in science, technology, engineering, and math. The report also includes up to date statistics on girls' and women's achievement and participation in these areas and offers new ideas for what each of us can do to more fully open scientific and engineering fields to girls and women."--pub. desc.

The Power of Implicit Theories for Learning in Different Educational Contexts

Author : Yves Karlen
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889719103
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis The Power of Implicit Theories for Learning in Different Educational Contexts by : Yves Karlen

Download or read book The Power of Implicit Theories for Learning in Different Educational Contexts written by Yves Karlen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-12-20 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Motivational Science

Author : Edward Tory Higgins
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780863776960
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (769 download)

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Book Synopsis Motivational Science by : Edward Tory Higgins

Download or read book Motivational Science written by Edward Tory Higgins and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A current collection of articles that define the field of motivational science.

Solving the Equation

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781879922457
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (224 download)

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Book Synopsis Solving the Equation by :

Download or read book Solving the Equation written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on the underrepresentation of women in engineering and computing and provides practical ideas for educators and employers seeking to foster gender diversity. From new ways of conceptualizing the fields for beginning students to good management practices, the report recommends large and small actions that can add up to real change.

Stereotype Threat and STEM Self-perceptions of Saudi College Women

Author : Ali Hadi Omair
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (123 download)

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Book Synopsis Stereotype Threat and STEM Self-perceptions of Saudi College Women by : Ali Hadi Omair

Download or read book Stereotype Threat and STEM Self-perceptions of Saudi College Women written by Ali Hadi Omair and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research shows that women's educational progress in scientific (STEM) fields is limited by negative stereotypes about their abilities in such fields. These negative stereotypes may be internalized by women and adversely affect their academic self-concept and progress in STEM fields. In the case of women in higher education who study in STEM fields, their knowledge that they are stereotyped as having less ability than men in those fields may result in a stereotype threat that reduces their performance in cognitive tests and reduces their academic self-perception in regard to STEM domains. Most research on the negative female stereotype and stereotype threat in STEM fields has been conducted in Western countries. Little research has been conducted on women studying in STEM fields in universities in Saudi Arabia. It is important that such research be conducted because of Saudi Arabia's unique cultural limitations on women and the strength of the country's female stereotypes. Due to these circumstances, Western research results may not be applicable to Saudi women. Western results may also not be applicable to Saudi women because women higher education in Saudi Arabia occurs mostly in women-only institutions, unlike in the West. This study aimed to contribute new research to fill the gap in the literature regarding gender stereotypes about women in science majors in academia within Saudi society by examining how exposure to types of stereotype about women's science ability (stereotype threat vs. positive stereotype) impact academic performance (in terms of math test results) and self-perceptions in science (in terms of science identity, science self-efficacy, belief about science, and overall academic science self-perception) for women STEM/medical students in different types of gender classrooms (classes only for women vs. mixed gender classes) at university in Saudi Arabia. In addition, the study investigated the interaction between the types of gender classrooms and the types of stereotype about women's academic science ability on math performance and self-perceptions in science. These questions were tested by using the data that were collected from 634 Saudi women college students. The results found that students who were exposed to stereotype threat had lower math test scores and lower academic self-perception than women who were exposed to a positive statement about their STEM abilities. The study also found that women in mixed-gender classes had higher math test scores and academic self-perception than women in women-only classes. In addition, the results showed that in stereotype threat experiment condition women scored equally low in the math test regardless the type of gender classrooms. However, in the positive stereotype experiment condition, women in mixed-gender classrooms scored significantly higher in math test score compared to the women in single-gender classrooms. For the academic science self-perceptions, the results also showed a significant interaction effect of gender classroom type and stereotype about women's academic science ability; indicating the effect of stereotype depended on the type of the classroom. In the threat experiment condition, women were significantly lower in academic self-perceptions both types of gender classrooms. However, women who were exposed to positive stereotypes in mixed classrooms scored significantly higher in academic self-perceptions compared to women who were exposed to positive stereotypes in single gender classrooms. These findings provide evidence that female Saudi students in STEM fields were above the midpoint of the scales on science self-perception (averaging on the positive ends of the scale), which may indicated to good level of academic self-perception in science. More specifically, when they are in mixed gender classrooms, the positive message support them to buffer themselves against negatives stereotypes to define their capabilities, and they see themselves as being very capable in STEM subjects.