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Author : Wen Hu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (823 download)
Download or read book Effects of Red Light Camera Enforcement on Fatal Crashes in Large United States Cities written by Wen Hu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Wen Hu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (823 download)
Download or read book Effects of Red Light Camera Enforcement on Fatal Crashes in Large US Cities written by Wen Hu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hugh W. McGee
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
ISBN 13 : 0309069556
Total Pages : 65 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Impact of Red Light Camera Enforcement on Crash Experience written by Hugh W. McGee and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2003 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At head of title: National Cooperative Highway Research Program.
Author : Simon Washington
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)
Download or read book The Impact of Red Light Cameras (automated Enforcement) on Safety in Arizona written by Simon Washington and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red Light Cameras (RLCs) have been used in a number of U.S. cities to yield a demonstrable reduction in red light violations; however, evaluating their impact on safety (crashes) has been relatively more difficult. Accurately estimating the safety impacts of RLCs is challenging for several reasons. First, many safety related factors are uncontrolled and/or confounded during the periods of observation. Second, "spillover" effects caused by drivers reacting to non-RLC-equipped intersections and approaches can make the selection of comparison sites difficult. Third, sites selected for RLC installation may not be randomly selected, and as a result may suffer from the regression to the mean effect. Finally, crash severity needs to be considered to fully understand the safety impacts of RLCs. With these challenges in mind this study was designed to estimate the safety impacts of RLCs on traffic crashes at signalized intersections in the state of Arizona and to identify which factors are associated with successful installations. RLC equipped intersections in the cities of Phoenix and Scottsdale are examined in detail to draw conclusions as to the relative success of RLC programs in these two jurisdictions. Both jurisdictions are operating successful installations of RLCs. Factors related to RLC effectiveness appear to include crash type and severity, left-turn phasing, presence of warning signs, approach speeds, and signal timing. Recommendations are made as to under what conditions should RLCs be considered.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book The Impact of Red Light Cameras (photo-red Enforcement) on Crashes in Virginia written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red light running is a significant public health concern, killing more than 800 people and injuring 200,000 in the United States per year (Retting et al., 1999a; Retting and Kyrychenko, 2002). To reduce red light running in Virginia, six jurisdictions (Alexandria, Arlington, Fairfax City, Fairfax County, Falls Church, Vienna) deployed red light cameras at some point during the 10-year period when they were permitted under Virginia law. This report documents the safety impacts of those cameras based on 7 years of crash data for the period January 1, 1998, through December 31, 2004. Consistent with the findings of a previous Virginia study (Garber et al., 2005), this study finds that cameras are associated with an increase in rear-end crashes (about 27% or 42% depending on the statistical method used as shown in Tables ES1 and H1) and a decrease in red light running crashes (about 8% or 42% depending on the statistical method used as shown in Tables ES1 and H2). This report also shows that there is significant variation by intersection and by jurisdiction: one jurisdiction (Arlington) suggests that cameras are associated with an increase in all six crash types that were explicitly studied (rear-end, angle, red light running, injury red light running, total injury, and total) whereas two other jurisdictions saw decreases in most of these crash types. It is therefore not surprising that when the comprehensive crash costs for rear-end and angle crashes are monetized, the cameras are associated with an increase in crash costs in some jurisdictions (e.g., an annual increase of $140,883 in Arlington) and a net reduction in comprehensive crash costs in other jurisdictions (e.g., an annual reduction of $92,367 in Vienna). When these results are aggregated across all six jurisdictions, the cameras are associated with a net increase in comprehensive crash costs. However, when considering only injury crashes, if the three fatal angle crashes that occurred during the after period are removed from the analysis (the only fatalities that occurred during the study out of 1,168 injury crashes), then the cameras were associated with a modest reduction in the comprehensive crash cost for injury crashes only. These results cannot be used to justify the widespread installation of cameras because they are not universally effective. These results also cannot be used to justify the abolition of cameras, as they have had a positive impact at some intersections and in some jurisdictions. The report recommends, therefore, that the decision to install a red light camera be made on an intersection-by-intersection basis. In addition, it is recommended that a carefully controlled experiment be conducted to examine further the impact of red light programs on safety and to determine how an increase in rear-end crashes can be avoided at specific intersections.
Author : Spencer Headworth
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 1503636194
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (36 download)
Download or read book Rules of the Road written by Spencer Headworth and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-22 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough and engaging look at an unexpected driver of changes in the American criminal justice system Driving is an unavoidable part of life in the United States. Even those who don't drive much likely know someone who does. More than just a simple method of getting from point A to point B, however, driving has been a significant influence on the United States' culture, economy, politics – and its criminal justice system. Rules of the Road tracks the history of the car alongside the history of crime and criminal justice in the United States, demonstrating how the quick and numerous developments in criminal law corresponded to the steadily rising prominence, and now established supremacy, of the automobile. Spencer Headworth brings together research from sociology, psychology, criminology, political science, legal studies, and histories of technology and law in illustrating legal responses to changing technological and social circumstances. Rules of the Road opens by exploring the early 20th-century beginnings of the relationship between criminal law and automobility, before moving to the direct impact of the automobile on prosecutorial and criminal justice practices in the latter half of the 20th century. Finally, Headworth looks to recent debates and issues in modern-day criminal justice to consider what this might presage for the future. Using a seemingly mundane aspect of daily life as its investigative lens, this creative, imaginative, and thoroughly researched book provides a fresh perspective on the transformations of the U.S. criminal justice system.
Author : James A. Bonneson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Review and Evaluation of Enforcement Issues and Safety Statistics Related to Red-light-running written by James A. Bonneson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this research project are to: (1) quantify the safety impact of red-light-running at intersections in Texas, and (2) provide guidelines for identifying truly problem intersections and whether enforcement or engineering countermeasures are appropriate. This report documents the findings from the first year of a two-year project. During the first year, data were collected to quantify the character and extent of red-light violations and related crashes in Texas. Data were also collected to quantify the effectiveness of intersection traffic control enforcement. The findings from a review of the literature on red-light-running and an analysis of red-light-running crash data are included in this report. A procedure for identifying and quantifying red-light-running-related crashes is described.
Author : Robert H. Friis
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313386013
Total Pages : 2395 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (133 download)
Download or read book The Praeger Handbook of Environmental Health written by Robert H. Friis and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 2395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by internationally acclaimed experts in the United States and abroad, this comprehensive set of environmental health articles serves to clarify our impending challenges as well as opportunities for health and wellness. Written in an accessible style that is appropriate for general readers as well as professionals in the environmental health field, this work provides a comprehensive yet coherent review of the principal environmental challenges that confront our society. This four-volume work taps a multidisciplinary team of experts from across the nation to present emerging information about how our world is being impacted, the effects on health and life, and the steps we are taking—and should take—to correct or avoid the problems. The Praeger Handbook of Environmental Health comprises four volumes: Foundations of the Field; Agents of Disease; Water, Air, and Solid Waste; and Current Issues and Emerging Debates. Within each volume, chapters cover the latest scientific research findings in an objective manner and present practical applications of the information. Topics addressed include air and water contaminants, PCBs, hazardous waste, household cleaning products, dioxin, plastics, radiation, radon, electromagnetic fields, and noise and light pollution, just to name a few. This title stands alone in its comprehensive coverage of environmental health topics.
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0081026722
Total Pages : 4418 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)
Download or read book International Encyclopedia of Transportation written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-05-13 with total page 4418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an increasingly globalised world, despite reductions in costs and time, transportation has become even more important as a facilitator of economic and human interaction; this is reflected in technical advances in transportation systems, increasing interest in how transportation interacts with society and the need to provide novel approaches to understanding its impacts. This has become particularly acute with the impact that Covid-19 has had on transportation across the world, at local, national and international levels. Encyclopedia of Transportation, Seven Volume Set - containing almost 600 articles - brings a cross-cutting and integrated approach to all aspects of transportation from a variety of interdisciplinary fields including engineering, operations research, economics, geography and sociology in order to understand the changes taking place. Emphasising the interaction between these different aspects of research, it offers new solutions to modern-day problems related to transportation. Each of its nine sections is based around familiar themes, but brings together the views of experts from different disciplinary perspectives. Each section is edited by a subject expert who has commissioned articles from a range of authors representing different disciplines, different parts of the world and different social perspectives. The nine sections are structured around the following themes: Transport Modes; Freight Transport and Logistics; Transport Safety and Security; Transport Economics; Traffic Management; Transport Modelling and Data Management; Transport Policy and Planning; Transport Psychology; Sustainability and Health Issues in Transportation. Some articles provide a technical introduction to a topic whilst others provide a bridge between topics or a more future-oriented view of new research areas or challenges. The end result is a reference work that offers researchers and practitioners new approaches, new ways of thinking and novel solutions to problems. All-encompassing and expertly authored, this outstanding reference work will be essential reading for all students and researchers interested in transportation and its global impact in what is a very uncertain world. Provides a forward looking and integrated approach to transportation Updated with future technological impacts, such as self-driving vehicles, cyber-physical systems and big data analytics Includes comprehensive coverage Presents a worldwide approach, including sets of comparative studies and applications
Author : Marina Yusoff
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811001553
Total Pages : 983 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)
Download or read book InCIEC 2015 written by Marina Yusoff and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-18 with total page 983 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The special focus of these proceedings is on the areas of infrastructure engineering and sustainability management. They provide detailed information on innovative research developments in construction materials and structures, in addition to a compilation of interdisciplinary findings combining nano-materials and engineering. The coverage of cutting-edge infrastructure and sustainability issues in engineering includes earthquakes, bioremediation, synergistic management, timber engineering, flood management and intelligent transport systems.
Author : Shauna L. Hallmark
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (775 download)
Download or read book Evaluating the Effectiveness of Red Light Running Camera Enforcement in Cedar Rapids and Developing Guidelines for Selection and Use of Red Light Running Countermeasures written by Shauna L. Hallmark and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red light running (RLR) is a problem in the US that has resulted in 165,000 injuries and 907 fatalities annually. In Iowa, RLR-related crashes make up 24.5 percent of all crashes and account for 31.7 percent of fatal and major injury crashes at signalized intersections. RLR crashes are a safety concern due to the increased likelihood of injury compared to other types of crashes. One tool used to combat red light running is automated enforcement in the form of RLR cameras. Automated enforcement, while effective, is often controversial. Cedar Rapids, Iowa installed RLR and speeding cameras at seven intersections across the city. The intersections were chosen based on crash rates and whether cameras could feasibly be placed at the intersection approaches. The cameras were placed starting in February 2010 with the last one becoming operational in December 2010. An analysis of the effect of the cameras on safety at these intersections was determined prudent in helping to justify the installation and effectiveness of the cameras. The objective of this research was to assess the safety effectiveness of the RLR program that has been implemented in Cedar Rapids. This was accomplished by analyzing data to determine changes in the following areas: Reductions in red light violation rates based on overall changes, time of day changes, and changes by lane; Effectiveness of the cameras over time; Time in which those running the red light enter the intersection; Changes in the average headway between vehicles entering the intersection.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard A. Retting
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (641 download)
Download or read book Effects of Red Light Cameras on Violations and Crashes written by Richard A. Retting and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Forrest M. Council
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Safety Evaluation of Red-light Cameras written by Forrest M. Council and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fundamental objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of red-light-camera (RLC) systems in reducing crashes. The study involved an empirical Bayes (EB) before-after research using data from seven jurisdictions across the United States to estimate the crash and associated economic effects of RLC systems. The study included 132 treatment sites, and specially derived rear end and right-angle unit crash costs for various severity levels. Crash effects detected were consistent in direction with those found in many previous studies: decreased right-angle crashes and increased rear end ones. The economic analysis examined the extent to which the increase in rear end crashes negates the benefits for decreased right-angle crashes. There was indeed a modest aggregate crash cost benefit of RLC systems. A disaggregate analysis found that greatest economic benefits are associated with factors of the highest total entering average annual daily traffic (AADT), the largest ratios of right-angle to rear end crashes, and with the presence of protected left-turn phases. There were weak indications of a spillover effect that point to a need for a more definitive, perhaps prospective, study of this issue.
Author : Alexander Skabardonis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Advanced Traffic Signal Control Algorithms written by Alexander Skabardonis and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ronald Lansworth Marshall
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)
Download or read book An Empirical Assessment of the Impact of Red Light Cameras on the Capacity of Urban Signalized Intersections written by Ronald Lansworth Marshall and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of red light cameras to control the incidents of red light running has had positive effects. However, the use of the cameras has also caused drivers to alter their tendency to run the red light by stopping at the intersection line at the onset of the yellow phase. The yellow phase is part of the effective green time used in the calculation of intersection capacity. A decrease in the utilization of the yellow time results in the reduction in capacity of intersections. Findings from a study conducted at eight (8) signalized intersections throughout the city of Washington, D.C. suggested that the decrease in utilization at camera locations compared with similar non-camera locations varied between 17% and 48% during the AM peak hours; and between 30% and 44% during the off-peak hours. This decrease justifies the need for a correction factor to be used when performing traffic analyses at intersections to account for the presence of the red-light cameras. A regression model provided a correction factor that can be used as one of the adjustments made to the ideal saturation flow rate at intersections before the capacity is calculated. A second study involving racially diverse drivers suggested that a large majority of drivers did not understand the signs used to inform and warn motorists of the presence of red-light running enforcement cameras at intersections. Future additional studies should focus on a much larger number of intersections and also evaluate the need to develop signs that can be easily understood by motorists with minimal educational levels and motorists who are not fluent in the English language. -- Abstract.
Author : Eric J. Fitzsimmons
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book The Effectiveness of Iowa's Automated Red Light Running Enforcement Programs written by Eric J. Fitzsimmons and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Federal Highway Administration estimates that red light running causes more than 100,000 crashes and 1,000 fatalities annually and results in an estimated economic loss of over $14 billion per year in the United States. In Iowa alone, a statewide analysis of red light running crashes, using crash data from 2001 to 2006, indicates than an average of 1,682 red light running crashes occur at signalized intersections every year. As a result, red light running poses a significant safety issue for communities. Communities rarely have the resources to place additional law enforcement in the field to combat the problem and they are increasingly using automated red light running camera-enforcement systems at signalized intersections. In Iowa, three communities currently use camera enforcement since 2004. These communities include Davenport, Council Bluffs, and Clive. As communities across the United States attempt to address red light running, a number of communities have implemented red light running camera enforcement programs. This report examines the red light running program in Iowa and summarizes results of analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of such cameras.
