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Effects Of Pitch Repetition On Knee Joint Kinetics In Collegiate Baseball Pitchers
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Book Synopsis Effects of Pitch Repetition On Knee Joint Kinetics in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers by : Shelby Anne Peel
Download or read book Effects of Pitch Repetition On Knee Joint Kinetics in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers written by Shelby Anne Peel and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current baseball pitching research has focused primarily on pitcher upper extremity kinematics and kinetics. However, pitching is a full body motion where the stride leg forms a closed kinetic chain that stabilizes the pitcher as they land down the pitching mound and serves as an anchor for the pitcher to pivot around. This single-leg landing motion can occur up to 100 times per game. As such, pitchers may be susceptible to stride knee musculoskeletal injury risk. According to current statistics, 17% of pitcher injuries occur in the lower extremities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of pitch repetition on 3D stride knee angles and moments in collegiate baseball pitchers. 3D stride knee angles and moments were measured during the first and last inning pitched in a simulated pitching outing. No significant change occurred in 3D stride knee angles and moments from the first inning pitched to the last inning pitched. Our findings suggest that pitch repetition may not affect 3D stride knee angles and moments, therefore may not be a primary mechanism for knee joint injury.
Book Synopsis Effects of a Simulated Game with Repetitive Pitching on the Control of the Center of Mass and Joints in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers by : 王序閔
Download or read book Effects of a Simulated Game with Repetitive Pitching on the Control of the Center of Mass and Joints in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers written by 王序閔 and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Kinematic and Kinetic Comparison of Baseball Pitching Mechanics Influenced by Stride Length by : Ryan Lewis Crotin
Download or read book A Kinematic and Kinetic Comparison of Baseball Pitching Mechanics Influenced by Stride Length written by Ryan Lewis Crotin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current workload metrics and ball velocity records have been dubious in identifying clear overuse mechanisms of injury, raising greater interest in pathomechanics research, where most work has been focused on the critical instant, spanning the throwing arm's acceleration and deceleration phases. Since throwing arm kinematics and kinetics are lowest from the onset of the pitching delivery, the majority of research neglects biomechanical interactions occurring before stride foot contact (SFC). In light of this, the current dissertation established a new framework of study, examining stride length effects on baseball pitching performance, where lower extremity joint dynamics from the onset of the delivery through to ball release, ground reaction force profiles, as well as global pelvic and trunk kinematics are anticipated to be affected by altered propulsion and bracing biomechanics. The dissertation investigated the effect of stride length through seven studies. To determine an overall representation of stride length impacts on the kinetic chain and temporal events, linear and angular momentum analyses were performed for the total body and throwing arm. Trunk-throwing arm momentum exchanges were represented by momentum compensation ratios to identify the proportion of the throwing arm to the total body momentum (contributed mostly by the trunk). In the results, stride length affected the instant of SFC, as longer strides increased single support generation and abbreviated the duration of the brace-transfer phase. Momentum relationships most consequential to phase time affects entailed greater leading axis momentum for pitchers with longer strides, while greater transverse momentum later in the pitching delivery was seen with shorter strides, which had been considered compensatory for reduced propulsion prior to SFC. The second study differentiated propulsion and bracing ground reaction force profiles, as vertical weighting, anterior-shear forces and their normalized impulses were greater for longer strides prior to SFC, while thereafter, the drive foot applied braking forces in tandem with the stride leg. Shorter strides minimized drive foot posterior-shear force, maintained propulsion after SFC in double support, and applied peak vertical weighting of the stride leg near ball release. Affected ankle dynamics were featured in the third study, which related to the aforementioned differences in ground reaction force profiles. Longer stride's drive ankle applied greater propulsion dynamics prior to SFC with closed-chain dorsiflexor moments thereafter to assist braking and landed the stride foot with greater heel-strike.^Shorter strides maintained drive ankle propulsion dynamics after SFC, minimized hind ankle braking, landed more in toe-strike, and required greater stride ankle braking dynamics during acceleration. Bilateral knee flexion-extension dynamics were investigated in succession where greater propulsive dynamics during generation and greater hind leg extension kinetics were found with longer strides, believed to increase inertial and frictional effects in braking effects. Maintained propulsion after SFC, greater stride knee flexion and extension power occurred with shorter strides. In the fifth study, femoral-acetabular hip dynamics revealed greater internal rotation and abduction, which facilitated greater maximum drive hip kinetics in extension prior to SFC with longer strides. Following SFC, longer strides generated greater stride hip extension power in braking and eccentrically slowed internal rotation in greater stride hip flexion. Longer strides improved stride hip biomechanics to better moderate internal pelvic rotation toward home plate and added stability, throwing from a lowered position within a wider base of support. Shorter strides revealed greater stride hip extension, believed to elevate the center of mass within a narrower base of support, reducing stability to most likely minimized braking to maintain drive hip propulsion kinetics and expedite internal pelvic rotation in double support after SFC. The sixth study, proximal segment kinematics were examined as longer strides anterior pelvic rotation, forward trunk flexion, upward pelvic rotation, non-dominant trunk bending, as well as internal rotation kinematics of the trunk and pelvis were greater prior to SFC. Thereafter, the kinematics mentioned above were greater for shorter strides. Lastly, pelvic-trunk separation angles and proximal plyometric effects denoted stride length influences upon the transverse pelvic-trunk rotational couple.^Greater separation occurred prior to SFC with longer strides with peak separation found shortly thereafter. Shorter strides further counter-rotated the pelvis away from home plate at the onset of the pitching delivery and also coordinated peak separation later in the delivery near the acceleration phase, producing greater proximal plyometric effects at BR, evidenced by a 3. 3-fold faster internal rotation velocity of the trunk than that of the pelvis. Our exploration drew several overall conclusions: 1) Stride length is critical to event timing between the onset of delivery and the beginning of brace-transfer phase, 2) Longer strides increase drive leg propulsion dynamics prior to SFC and initiates tandem braking effects (drive and stride leg braking dynamics) thereafter in slowing trunk angular momentum prior to the critical instant, 3) Pitchers with longer strides tend to release each pitch in greater double support (greater drive and stride foot weighting into the ground), 4) Shorter strides maintain propulsion in double support following SFC, minimizing drive leg braking, delaying stride leg braking and increasing transverse trunk momentum prior to the critical instant, and 5) Shorter strides have a greater tendency to be pathomechanic, as elevated internal rotation velocities of the trunk near the critical instant appear to disrupt transverse momentum transfer to the throwing arm. Performance outcomes were found statistically equivalent between conditions suggesting that stride length and accompanied biomechanics can be highly variable in skilled pitchers without impacting competitive performance. Since most stride lengths are attained through maintenance of peak ball velocity, many desired strides may be flawed, susceptible to exertion, and encourage throwing arm pathologies. This work draws attention to the need for further work exploring stride length optimization, intimating a rationale that adjusting stride length as a percentage of body height mitigates undesired lower extremity, pelvic, and trunk biomechanics through appropriating propulsion and bracing dynamics.
Book Synopsis Sports Medicine of Baseball by : David Altchek
Download or read book Sports Medicine of Baseball written by David Altchek and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-07-20 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Sports Medicine of Baseball includes all-encompassing coverage of the evaluation and treatment of common problems encountered in baseball players at all levels of competition. A large portion of the book focuses on shoulder and elbow problems, given thehigh number of shoulder and elbow injuries that affect baseball players. The text will also cover lower extremity injuries, spine conditions, and common medical problems that may be encountered. Of special interest to athletic trainers, topics such as different training regimens for in-season versus off-season workouts and tailoring throwing programs for relievers and starters is given particular attention."--Provided by publisher.
Book Synopsis Energetic Contributions to Performance and Upper Extremity Joint Kinetics in Baseball Pitching by : Michael P. McNally
Download or read book Energetic Contributions to Performance and Upper Extremity Joint Kinetics in Baseball Pitching written by Michael P. McNally and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aim 2 described the energetics of the legs, trunk and arm during baseball pitching, and evaluated the relationship between increased energy generation and transfer from the legs, trunk, and arm to performance in baseball pitchers. Results showed that the stride leg transferred the least amount of energy up the kinetic chain, relative to the total energy input into the hand during the pitch. However, despite transferring the least energy, stride leg energy was also the most variable between pitchers, and explained an additional 6.9% of variance in hand velocity, compared to height and mass alone, in a group of high school baseball pitchers.
Book Synopsis Surgical Techniques of the Shoulder, Elbow, and Knee in Sports Medicine by : Brian J. Cole
Download or read book Surgical Techniques of the Shoulder, Elbow, and Knee in Sports Medicine written by Brian J. Cole and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-05-24 with total page 981 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ensure optimal outcomes from each shoulder, elbow, and knee sports medicine surgery with the consistent, step-by-step approach offered in this comprehensive reference. Surgical Techniques of the Shoulder, Elbow, and Knee in Sports Medicine, 3rd Edition, covers both open and arthroscopic surgeries, providing the expert guidance you need on everything from patient positioning, anatomy, relevant biomechanics and the latest orthopaedic surgery techniques, through pearls and pitfalls and post-operative care. Contributing authors are renowned sports medicine surgeons who equip you with a global perspective on the most recent orthopaedic advances. Covers the latest open and arthroscopic techniques for both common and not-so-common sports medicine pathologies. Offers a comprehensive approach to each pathology including rehabilitation protocols and return-to-play criteria. Contains more than 15 new chapters: First-time Shoulder Dislocation, Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction (various techniques), Managing Bone Loss on the Humeral Head, Cartilage Allografts for the Treatment of Cartilage Lesions of the Knee, and many more. Provides up-to-date information on timely topics such as complex decision making for the patellofemoral joint, biologics and injection therapy for the management of osteoarthritis, and primary ACL repair techniques. Highlights step-by-step text with numerous high-quality illustrations, surgical photographs, and MRIs and radiographs. Includes access to an online surgical video collection covering Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: Double Row Techniques; Arthroscopic Repair of Multidirectional Instability of the Shoulder; Ulnar Collateral Ligament Repair and Reconstruction: DANE Technique; Double Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; and Management of Proximal Tibiofibular Instability.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Pitching with Underweight and Overweight Balls on Pitch Velocity in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers by : Hillary Ake
Download or read book The Effect of Pitching with Underweight and Overweight Balls on Pitch Velocity in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers written by Hillary Ake and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BACKGROUND: In an effort to improve overhand throw velocity in baseball pitchers, weighted implement training, which utilizes balls that are heavier or lighter than a competition ball, have been employed. Weighted ball programs have previously been used in baseball pitchers ranging from high school to professional with varying ball weights with mixed results (Straub, 1966; Brose and Hanson, 1967; DeRenne, 1985; DeRenne, 1990; van den Tillaar and Ettema, 2011). PURPOSE: To determine the effect of a commercially available weighted ball program on the throwing velocity of collegiate baseball pitchers over the course of an off-season. METHODS: This retrospective study examined pitch velocity for 56 varsity collegiate baseball pitchers at the University of Mississippi between 2012-2015. The weighted implement (WI) group (n=35) used weighted implement training in addition to normal throwing activities throughout the off-season while the normal throwing (NT) group (n=21) participated in normal throwing activities only. The WI group used baseballs that were 20% overweight (6 ounces), 20% underweight (4 ounces), and regulation weight (5 ounces) while the NT group used only the regulation weight baseball. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted. Statistical significance was set at p?0.05. RESULTS: Pitch velocity did not significantly increase from the beginning of the off-season to the end of the off-season (p=0.071) for either group and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.271). CONCLUSION: In varsity collegiate pitchers currently involved in general and sport specific training, the current weighted implement throwing program is no more effective than a normal throwing protocol.
Book Synopsis Biomedical Engineering Principles in Sports by : George K. Hung
Download or read book Biomedical Engineering Principles in Sports written by George K. Hung and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-06-24 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomedical Engineering Principles in Sports contains in-depth discussions on the fundamental biomechanical and physiological principles underlying the acts of throwing, shooting, hitting, kicking, and tackling in sports, as well as vision training, sports injury, and rehabilitation. The topics include: -Golf ball aerodynamics and golf club design, -Golf swing and putting biomechanics, -Tennis ball aerodynamics and ball- and shoe-surface interactions, -Tennis stroke mechanics and optimizing ball-racket interactions, -Baseball pitching biomechanics and perceptual illusions of batters, -Football forward pass aerodynamics and tackling biomechanics, -Soccer biomechanics, -Basketball aerodynamics and biomechanics, -Vision training in sports, -Children maturation and performance, -Rehabilitation and medical advances in treatment of sports injuries. This book is essential reading for biomedical engineers, physicists, sport scientists, and physiologists who wish to update their knowledge of biomechanical and biomedical principles and their applications to sports. The book can be used in a one-semester Senior or Graduate-level course in Biomechanics, Biomedical Engineering, Sports Technology, Sports Medicine, or Exercise Physiology. In addition, it will be of value to interested athletic laypersons who enjoy watching or participating in sports such as golf, tennis, softball, football, soccer, and basketball.
Book Synopsis Lagrangian Approach to Modeling the Biodynamics of the Upper Extremity by :
Download or read book Lagrangian Approach to Modeling the Biodynamics of the Upper Extremity written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Physics of Pitching by : Len Solesky
Download or read book The Physics of Pitching written by Len Solesky and published by Mvp Books. This book was released on 2011-06-06 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive approach, includes a training schedule, tips on the mechanics, physiology, and psychology of pitching, and explores common injuries.
Book Synopsis Evidence-Based Sports Medicine by : Domhnall MacAuley
Download or read book Evidence-Based Sports Medicine written by Domhnall MacAuley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of the popular book Evidence-based Sports Medicine builds on the features that made the first edition such a valuable text and provides a completely up-to-date tool for sports medicine physicians, family practitioners and orthopedic surgeons. Updated to take into account new evidence from systematic reviews and controlled trials, Evidence-based Sports Medicine is a unique reference book on the optimum management of sports-related conditions. This second edition: contains sections on acute injury, chronic conditions, and injuries to the upper limb, groin and knee and to the lower leg pays increased attention to the important and emerging area of injury prevention features thoroughly revised methodology sections within each chapter, reflecting changes in technique and application MCQs and essay questions that allow readers to continually assess their knowledge and understanding of the topics covered
Book Synopsis Introduction to Sports Biomechanics by : Roger Bartlett
Download or read book Introduction to Sports Biomechanics written by Roger Bartlett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-04-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Book Synopsis Developing Agility and Quickness by : NSCA -National Strength & Conditioning Association
Download or read book Developing Agility and Quickness written by NSCA -National Strength & Conditioning Association and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2011-10-10 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ball handler who fakes and then drives past a defender for an easy score. A pass rusher who leaves a would-be blocker in his wake on the way to sacking the quarterback. A setter who manages to maneuver both body and ball in the blink of an eye to make the perfect pass for the kill and match-winning point. These are all reasons agility and quickness are such prized physical attributes in modern sport. Efforts to become markedly quicker or more agile, however, aren’t always successful. Genetic limitations, technical deficiencies, and inferior training activities are among the major obstacles. Developing Agility and Quickness helps athletes blow past those barriers thanks to the top sport conditioning authority in the world, the National Strength and Conditioning Association. NSCA hand-picked its top experts to present the best training advice, drills, and programs for optimizing athletes’ linear and lateral movements. Make Developing Agility and Quickness a key part of your conditioning program, and get a step ahead of the competition.
Book Synopsis Tennis Medicine by : Giovanni Di Giacomo
Download or read book Tennis Medicine written by Giovanni Di Giacomo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-08 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will serve as a key resource for all clinicians working in orthopedics, sports medicine, and rehabilitation for the sport of tennis. It provides clinically useful information on evaluation and treatment of the tennis player, covering the entire body and both general medical and orthopedic musculoskeletal topics. Individual sections focus on tennis-related injuries to the shoulder, the elbow, wrist, and hand, the lower extremities, and the core/spine, explaining treatment and rehabilitation approaches in detail. Furthermore, sufficient sport science information is presented to provide the clinical reader with extensive knowledge of tennis biomechanics and the physiological aspects of training and rehabilitation. Medical issues in tennis players, such as nutrition and hydration, are also discussed, and a closing section focuses on other key topics, including movement dysfunction, periodization, core training, and strength and conditioning specifics. The expansive list of worldwide contributors and experts coupled with the comprehensive and far-reaching chapter provision make this the highest-level tennis medicine book ever published.
Book Synopsis Athletic Movement Skills by : Brewer, Clive
Download or read book Athletic Movement Skills written by Brewer, Clive and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before athletes can become strong and powerful, they need to master the movement skills required in sport. Athletic Movement Skills covers the underlying science and offers prescriptive advice on bridging the gap between scientist and practitioner so coaches and athletes can work together to achieve dominance.
Book Synopsis Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise by : Peter M. McGinnis
Download or read book Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise written by Peter M. McGinnis and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2013-03-26 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Please note: This text was replaced with a fourth edition. This version is available only for courses using the third edition and will be discontinued at the end of the semester. Taking a unique approach to the presentation of mechanical concepts, Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise eBook, Third Edition With Web Resource, introduces exercise and sport biomechanics in simple terms. By providing mechanics before functional anatomy, the book helps students understand forces and their effects before studying how body structures deal with forces. Students will learn to appreciate the consequences of external forces, how the body generates internal forces to maintain position, and how forces create movement in physical activities. Rather than presenting the principles as isolated and abstract, the text enables students to discover the principles of biomechanics for themselves through observation. By examining ordinary activities firsthand, students will develop meaningful explanations resulting in a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanical concepts. This practical approach combines striking visual elements with clear and concise language to encourage active learning and improved comprehension. This updated edition maintains the organization and features that made previous editions user friendly, such as a quick reference guide of frequently used equations printed on the inside cover and review questions at the end of each chapter to test students’ understanding of important concepts. The third edition also incorporates new features to facilitate learning: • Two online resources incorporate sample problems and use of video to allow practical application of the material. • New art and diagrams enhance problem sets and help students visualize the mechanics of real-world scenarios. • Increased number of review questions (200) and problem sets (120) provide an opportunity for practical application of concepts. • Greater emphasis on the basics, including improved descriptions of conversions and an expanded explanation of the assumption of point mass when modeling objects, provides a stronger foundation for understanding. • New content on deriving kinematic data from video or film and the use of accelerometers in monitoring physical activity keeps students informed of technological advances in the field. Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise eBook, Third Edition With Web Resource, is supplemented with two companion resources that will help students better comprehend the material. Packaged with this e-book, the web resource includes all of the problems from the book, separated by chapter, plus 18 sample problems that guide students step by step through the process of solving. This e-book may also be enhanced with access to MaxTRAQ Educational 2D software for Windows. MaxTRAQ Educational 2D software enables students to analyze and quantify real-world sport movements in video clips and upload their own video content for analysis. The software supplements the final section of the text that bridges the concepts of internal and external forces with the application of biomechanics; it also provides an overview of the technology used in conducting quantitative biomechanical analyses. The MaxTRAQ Educational 2D software must be purchased separately to supplement this e-book at the MaxTRAQ website. Instructors will benefit from an updated ancillary package. An instructor guide outlines each chapter and offers step-by-step solutions to the quantitative problems presented, as well as sample lecture topics, student activities, and teaching tips. A test package makes it easy to prepare quizzes and tests, and an image bank contains most of the figures and tables from the text for use in developing course presentations. Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise, Third Edition, is ideal for those needing a deeper understanding of biomechanics from a qualitative perspective. Thoroughly updated and expanded, this text makes the biomechanics of physical activity easy to understand and apply.
Book Synopsis Clinical Epidemiology by : Robert Fletcher
Download or read book Clinical Epidemiology written by Robert Fletcher and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2013-01-08 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its Fifth Edition, Clinical Epidemiology: The Essentials is a comprehensive, concise, and clinically oriented introduction to the subject of epidemiology. Written by expert educators, this text introduces students to the principles of evidence-based medicine that will help them develop and apply methods of clinical observation in order to form accurate conclusions. The Fifth Edition includes more complete coverage of systematic reviews and knowledge management, as well as other key topics such as abnormality, diagnosis, frequency and risk, prognosis, treatment, prevention, chance, studying cases and cause.
