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Effects Of Nitrogen Addition And Irrigation On The Structure And Function Of Ectomycorrhizal Communities
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Book Synopsis Effects of Nitrogen-addition and Irrigation on the Structure and Function of Ectomycorrhizal Communities by : Sylvia Christa Hutter
Download or read book Effects of Nitrogen-addition and Irrigation on the Structure and Function of Ectomycorrhizal Communities written by Sylvia Christa Hutter and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Chronic Nitrogen Deposition on the Ectomycorrhizal Community Structure and Function of a Forest Ecosystem with a Mediterranean Climate by : Benjamin A. Waitman
Download or read book The Effects of Chronic Nitrogen Deposition on the Ectomycorrhizal Community Structure and Function of a Forest Ecosystem with a Mediterranean Climate written by Benjamin A. Waitman and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, I examine how environment-altering anthropogenic disturbances affect the relationship between plants and beneficial soil microbes. Many disturbances change key aspects of the soil environment, directly affecting both plants and soil microbes, and potentially altering plant-microbe interactions. I use a combination of field and greenhouse experiments to compare plant-soil microbe interactions across different levels of environmental disturbance. In Chapter I and II, I used a well-known pollution gradient across montane forests in Southern California to examine how nitrogen (N) deposition alters the structure and function of ectomycorrhizal fungi in forests with a Mediterranean climate. Many studies have identified strong effects of anthropogenic nitrogen deposition on the community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi in boreal and temperate forest soils. These ecosystems are typically N limited, and it is not clear whether N deposition has similar effects on ectomycorrhizal communities in less productive ecosystems where N may be colimiting to plant productivity along with other resources. I tested the effects of N deposition on ectomycorrhizal communities within forests receiving a range of N deposition in the San Bernardino National Forest of Southern California, where tree growth during the growing season is typically limited by water availability. To determine the effects of N deposition on ectomycorrhizal communities, I sampled both the ectomycorrhizae colonizing the root tips of ponderosa pine and present as fungal hyphae, collectively referred to as mycelium. Ectomycorrhizal fungi present in these samples were identified using PCR based molecular methods. In addition, I tested whether N deposition alters functional traits of ectomycorrhizal communities by assaying the production of a suite of extracellular enzymes that target a range of organic soil nutrients. For enzyme assays, I used ectomycorrhizal colonized root tips collected from forest stands across the N deposition gradient during both dry and wet seasons. Ectomycorrhizal community composition was correlated with N deposition for both colonized root tip and mycelium samples. In addition, mycelium abundance was negatively correlated with soil nitrate concentration. However, the function of ectomycorrhizal communities was not strongly affected by N deposition in this study, and N deposition was much less important to EMF enzyme production than seasonal effects. I found that enzyme production was consistent in most seasons across the N deposition gradient for enzymes that target organic nitrogen sources, organic phosphorus, and recalcitrant carbon sources. Only the production of glycoside hydrolyzing enzymes were positively correlated with N deposition, and only during the wettest sampling period in December. These results confirm that N deposition is changing ectomycorrhizal communities and abundance, even in dry forests where conditions may reduce the relative importance of nitrogen nutrition for forest trees. However, the change in community composition does not appear to result in a change in the capacity of EMF communities to produce extracellular enzymes. In Chapter III, I evaluate the effects of multiple mechanisms of plant soil feedbacks in exotic and native grasses using a greenhouse study in which soil microbial communities, soil organic matter distribution, and nitrification rates were manipulated. Both exotic and native grasses exhibited evidence of negative plant soil feedback, but the results were much stronger in native grasses. In addition, different mechanisms of plant soil feedback were important for exotic and native grasses. Mixing soil profiles, a treatment that redistributed soil resources throughout the soil column, caused exotic grasses to grow significantly more deep roots. As exotic grasses tend to concentrate roots and soil resources in upper soil layers, this result may indicate potential negative feedback under field conditions. Native grass biomass responded positively to sterilization and reduced nitrification. That different feedback mechanisms were important in explaining the plant soil feedback between co-occurring species highlights the value of testing multiple feedback mechanisms and underscores the diversity of changes that exotic species may have on the soil environment.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Long-term Nitrogen Fertilization on the Ectomycorrhizal Communities of a Temperate Deciduous Ecosystem by : Peter Glen Avis
Download or read book The Effects of Long-term Nitrogen Fertilization on the Ectomycorrhizal Communities of a Temperate Deciduous Ecosystem written by Peter Glen Avis and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mycorrhiza written by Ajit Varma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Mycorrhiza falls into a time period of excep tionally rapid growth in mycorrhizal research. Therefore the edi tors have been most pleased with the decision of the Springer Verlag to revise the first edition and to incorporate the remarkable advances experienced in the mycorrhizal field. The pace of discovery has been particularly fast at the two poles of biological complexity, the molecular events leading to changes in growth and differentiation, as well as the factors regulating the structure and diversity of natural populations and communities. Therefore the most significant changes introduced in the new edition of this book are found within these topics. Not only were many chapters up dated, but also new chapters have replaced existing ones. The individual decisions have not been easy, since valuable contribu tions had to be sacrificed in favour of new aspects; but the authors hope that a highly topical new edition will be of greatest benefit for a rapidly expanding field of research. We welcome comments and critics from readers. Since it was possible again to find leading scientists as contribu tors, we are confident that this revised second edition will stimulate further progress and contribute to a deeper understanding of advances in the mycorrhizal field. We are grateful to the Springer Verlag, especially Dr. Dieter Czeschlik, for his continued interest and active help. Dr. Maja Hilber-Bodmer and Dr.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae by : R. Agerer
Download or read book Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae written by R. Agerer and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Techniques for the Study of Mycorrhiza by :
Download or read book Techniques for the Study of Mycorrhiza written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1991-11-14 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volumes 23 and 24 of this highly acclaimed series focus on methods used for the study of both ectomycorrhiza and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. Written by a team of international experts, these volumes comprise the most extensive compilation of methods available on this topic.
Book Synopsis Management of agroecosystems for enhancement of soil microbial communities and soil natural fertility by : Patricia Dorr De Quadros
Download or read book Management of agroecosystems for enhancement of soil microbial communities and soil natural fertility written by Patricia Dorr De Quadros and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-05-11 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mycorrhizae: Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry by : Zaki Anwar Siddiqui
Download or read book Mycorrhizae: Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry written by Zaki Anwar Siddiqui and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-27 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycorrhizal fungi are microbial engines which improve plant vigor and soil quality. They play a crucial role in plant nutrient uptake, water relations, ecosystem establishment, plant diversity, and the productivity of plants. Scientific research involves multidisciplinary approaches to understand the adaptation of mycorrhizae to the rhizosphere, mechanism of root colonization, effect on plant physiology and growth, biofertilization, plant resistance and biocontrol of plant pathogens. This book discusses and goes into detail on a number of topics: the molecular basis of nutrient exchange between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and host plants; the role of AM fungi in disease protection, alleviation of soil stresses and increasing grain production; interactions of AM fungi and beneficial saprophytic mycoflora in terms of plant growth promotion; the role of AM fungi in the restoration of native ecosystems; indirect contributions of AM fungi and soil aggregation to plant growth and mycorrhizosphere effect of multitrophic interaction; the mechanisms by which mycorrhizas change a disturbed ecosystem into productive land; the importance of reinstallation of mycorrhizal systems in the rhizosphere is emphasized and their impact on landscape regeneration, and in bioremediation of contaminated soils; Ectomycorrhizae (ECM) and their importance in forest ecosystems and associations of ECM in tropical rain forests function to maintain tropical monodominance; in vitro mycorrhization of micro-propagated plants, and visualizing and quantifying endorhizal fungi; the use of mycorrhizae, mainly AM and ECM, for sustainable agriculture and forestry.
Book Synopsis Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil by : Nancy Collins Johnson
Download or read book Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil written by Nancy Collins Johnson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil: Fertility, Structure, and Carbon Storage offers a better understanding of mycorrhizal mediation that will help inform earth system models and subsequently improve the accuracy of global carbon model predictions. Mycorrhizas transport tremendous quantities of plant-derived carbon below ground and are increasingly recognized for their importance in the creation, structure, and function of soils. Different global carbon models vary widely in their predictions of the dynamics of the terrestrial carbon pool, ranging from a large sink to a large source. This edited book presents a unique synthesis of the influence of environmental change on mycorrhizas across a wide range of ecosystems, as well as a clear examination of new discoveries and challenges for the future, to inform land management practices that preserve or increase below ground carbon storage. Synthesizes the abundance of research on the influence of environmental change on mycorrhizas across a wide range of ecosystems from a variety of leading international researchers Focuses on the specific role of mycorrhizal fungi in soil processes, with an emphasis on soil development and carbon storage, including coverage of cutting-edge methods and perspectives Includes a chapter in each section on future avenues for further study
Book Synopsis Working with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture by : Mark Brundrett
Download or read book Working with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture written by Mark Brundrett and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycorrhizas are highly evoloved mutualistic associations between the soil fungi and plant roots. The partners in the association are members of the fungus kingdom and most vascular plants. This manual explains procedures used by scientists who work with mycorrhizal fungi and roots in the laboratory, nursery, or natural and managed ecosystems. Many of the techniques use readily obtainable and relatively inexpensive equipment and chemicals.
Download or read book Root Ecology written by Hans de Kroon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-05-21 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the course of evolution, a great variety of root systems have learned to overcome the many physical, biochemical and biological problems brought about by soil. This development has made them a fascinating object of scientific study. This volume gives an overview of how roots have adapted to the soil environment and which roles they play in the soil ecosystem. The text describes the form and function of roots, their temporal and spatial distribution, and their turnover rate in various ecosystems. Subsequently, a physiological background is provided for basic functions, such as carbon acquisition, water and solute movement, and for their responses to three major abiotic stresses, i.e. hard soil structure, drought and flooding. The volume concludes with the interactions of roots with other organisms of the complex soil ecosystem, including symbiosis, competition, and the function of roots as a food source.
Download or read book The Rhizosphere written by Zoe G. Cardon and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Below the soil surface, the rhizosphere is the dynamic interface among plant roots, soil microbes and fauna, and the soil itself, where biological as well as physico-chemical properties differ radically from those of bulk soil. The Rhizosphere is the first ecologically-focused book that explicitly establishes the links from extraordinarily small-scale processes in the rhizosphere to larger-scale belowground patterns and processes. This book includes chapters that emphasize the effects of rhizosphere biology on long-term soil development, agro-ecosystem management and responses of ecosystems to global change. Overall, the volume seeks to spur development of cross-scale links for understanding belowground function in varied natural and managed ecosystems. First cross-scale ecologically-focused integration of information at the frontier of root, microbial, and soil faunal biology Establishes the links from extraordinarily small-scale processes in the rhizosphere to larger-scale belowground patterns and processes Includes valuable information on ecosystem response to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and enhanced global nitrogen deposition Chapters written by a variety of experts, including soil scientists, microbial and soil faunal ecologists, and plant biologists
Book Synopsis Mycorrhiza - Function, Diversity, State of the Art by : Ajit Varma
Download or read book Mycorrhiza - Function, Diversity, State of the Art written by Ajit Varma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the fourth updated and revised edition of a well-received book that emphasises on fungal diversity, plant productivity and sustainability. It contains new chapters written by leading experts in the field. This book is an up-to-date overview of current progress in mycorrhiza and association with plant productivity and environmental sustainability. The result is a must hands-on guide, ideally suited for agri-biotechnology, soil biology, fungal biology including mycorrrhiza and stress management, academia and researchers. The topic of this book is particularly relevant to researchers involved in mycorrhiza, especially to food security and environmental protection. Mycorrhizas are symbioses between fungi and the roots of higher plants. As more than 90% of all known species of plants have the potential to form mycorrhizal associations, the productivity and species composition and the diversity of natural ecosystems are frequently dependent upon the presence and activity of mycorrhizas. The biotechnological application of mycorrhizas is expected to promote the production of food while maintaining ecologically and economically sustainable production systems.
Book Synopsis Microbial Strategies for Crop Improvement by : Mohammad Saghir Khan
Download or read book Microbial Strategies for Crop Improvement written by Mohammad Saghir Khan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-25 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an ever-increasing human population, the demand placed upon the agriculture sector to supply more food is one of the greatest challenges for the agrarian community. In order to meet this challenge, environmentally unfriendly agroch- icals have played a key role in the green revolution and are even today commonly recommended to circumvent nutrient de?ciencies of the soils. The use of ag- chemicals is, though, a major factor for improvement of plant production; it causes a profound deteriorating effect on soil health (soil fertility) and in turn negatively affects the productivity and sustainability of crops. Concern over disturbance to the microbial diversity and consequently soil fertility (as these microbes are involved in biogeochemical processes), as well as economic constraints, have prompted fun- mental and applied research to look for new agro-biotechnologies that can ensure competitive yields by providing suf?ciently not only essential nutrients to the plants but also help to protect the health of soils by mitigating the toxic effects of certain pollutants. In this regard, the role of naturally abundant yet functionally fully unexplored microorganisms such as biofertilizers assume a special signi?cance in the context of supplementing plant nutrients, cost and environmental impact under both conventional practices and derelict environments. Therefore, current devel- ments in sustainability involve a rational exploitation of soil microbial communities and the use of inexpensive, though less bio-available, sources of plant nutrients, which may be made available to plants by microbially-mediated processes.
Book Synopsis Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications by : Jean-Claude Bertrand
Download or read book Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications written by Jean-Claude Bertrand and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-26 with total page 933 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a treatise on microbial ecology that covers traditional and cutting-edge issues in the ecology of microbes in the biosphere. It emphasizes on study tools, microbial taxonomy and the fundamentals of microbial activities and interactions within their communities and environment as well as on the related food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycling. The work exceeds the traditional domain of microbial ecology by revisiting the evolution of cellular prokaryotes and eukaryotes and stressing the general principles of ecology. The overview of the topics, authored by more than 80 specialists, is one of the broadest in the field of environmental microbiology. The overview of the topics, authored by more than 80 specialists, is one of the broadest in the field of environmental microbiology.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Plant Nutrition by : Allen V. Barker
Download or read book Handbook of Plant Nutrition written by Allen V. Barker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The burgeoning demand on the world food supply, coupled with concern over the use of chemical fertilizers, has led to an accelerated interest in the practice of precision agriculture. This practice involves the careful control and monitoring of plant nutrition to maximize the rate of growth and yield of crops, as well as their nutritional value.
