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Effects Of Magnetic Field On The Shape Memory Behavior Of Single And Polycrystalline Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys
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Book Synopsis Effects of Magnetic Field on the Shape Memory Behavior of Single and Polycrystalline Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys by : Ali Sadi Turabi
Download or read book Effects of Magnetic Field on the Shape Memory Behavior of Single and Polycrystalline Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys written by Ali Sadi Turabi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys by : Xuexi Zhang
Download or read book Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys written by Xuexi Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-14 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book systematically describes the fundamentals of Magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs), with an emphasis on low-dimensional structures such as foams, microwires and micro-particles. The respective chapters address basic concepts and theories, the fabrication of various architectures, microstructure tailoring, property optimization and cutting-edge applications. Taken together, they provide a clear understanding of the correlation between processing and the microstructural properties of MSMAs, which are illustrated in over two hundred figures and schematics. Given its scope and format, the book offers a valuable resource for a broad readership in various fields of materials science and engineering, especially for researchers, students and engineers.
Book Synopsis Shape Memory Alloys by : Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes
Download or read book Shape Memory Alloys written by Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shape memory alloys have become in the past decades a well established research subject. However, the complex relations between properties and structure have created a continuously growing interest for a deeper insight all this time. The complexity of relationships between structure and properties is mostly related to the fact that strong ?multidimensional? interactions are taking place: from the early studies focusing on the thermal and/or mechanical induced phase transformations to the more recent findings on the magnetically induced structural changes. On the other hand, these singular behavioral characteristics have driven a great industrial interest due to the innovative aspects that the applications of shape memory alloys may provide. This makes this subject a highly attractive source of continuous studies, ranging from basics crystallography and thermodynamics to mechanical analysis and electrical and magnetic properties characterization. In this book, a group of recent studies is compiled focusing on a wide range of topics from processing to the relationship between the structure and properties, as well as new applications.
Book Synopsis Shape Memory Alloys by : Dimitris C. Lagoudas
Download or read book Shape Memory Alloys written by Dimitris C. Lagoudas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-05 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a working knowledge of the modeling and engineering applications of shape memory alloys (SMAs), beginning with a rigorous introduction to continuum mechanics and continuum thermodynamics as they relate to the development of SMA modeling.Modern SMAs can recover from large amounts of bending and deformation, and millions of repetitions within recoverable ranges. SMAs are used in the medical industry to create stents, in the dental industry to create dental and orthodontic archwires, and in the aerospace industry to create fluid fittings. The text presents a unified approach to the constitutive modeling of SMAs, including modeling of magnetic and high temperature SMAs.
Book Synopsis Magneto-thermo-mechanical Response and Magneto-caloric Effect in Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys by : Cengiz Yegin
Download or read book Magneto-thermo-mechanical Response and Magneto-caloric Effect in Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys written by Cengiz Yegin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ni-Co-Mn-In system is a new type of magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) where the first order structural and magnetic phase transitions overlap. These materials can generate large reversible shape changes due to magnetic-field-induced martensitic transformation, and exhibit magneto-caloric effect and magnetoresistance. Ni-Co-Mn-Sn alloys are inexpensive alternatives of the Ni-Co-Mn-In alloys. In both materials, austenite has higher magnetization levels than martensite. Fe-Mn-Ga is another MSMA system, however, whose magnetization trend is opposite to those of the Ni-Co-Mn-X (In-Sn) systems upon phase transformation. The MSMAs have attracted great interest in recent years, and their magnetic and thermo-mechanical properties need to be further investigated. In the present study, the effects of indium concentration, cooling, and annealing on martensitic transformation and magnetic response of single crystalline Ni-Co-Mn-In alloys were investigated. Increasing indium content reduced the martensitic transformation start (Ms) temperature, while increasing temperature hysteresis and saturation magnetization. Increasing annealing temperature led to an increase in the Ms temperature whereas annealing at 400 degrees C and 500 degrees C led to the kinetic arrest of austenite. Cooling after solution heat treatment also notably affected the transformation temperatures and magnetization response. While the transformation temperatures increased in the oil quenched samples compared to those in the water quenched samples, these temperatures decreased in furnace cooled samples due to the kinetic arrest. The possible reasons for the kinetic arrest are: atomic order changes, or precipitate formation. Shape memory and superelastic response, and magnetic field-induced shape recovery behavior of sintered Ni43Co7Mn39Sn11 polycrystalline alloys were also examined. The microstructural analysis showed the existence of small pores, which seem to increase the damage tolerance of the sintered polycrystalline samples. The recoverable transformation strain, irrecoverable strain and transformation temperature hysteresis increased with stress upon cooling under stress. Moreover, magnetic-field-induced strain due to the field-induced phase transformation was confirmed to be 0.6% at 319K. Almost perfect superelastic response was obtained at 343K. A magnetic entropy change of 22 J kg-1 K-1 were determined at 219K from magneto-caloric effect measurements which were conducted on annealed Ni43Co7Mn39Sn11 ribbons. Magnetic characteristics and martensitic transformation behavior of polycrystalline Fe-Mn-Ga alloys were also examined. Cast alloys at various compositions were undergone homogenization heat treatments. It was verified by magnetization measurements that the alloys heat treated at 1050 degrees C shows martensitic transformation. The heat treatment time was determined to be 1 day or 1 week depending on the compositions.
Book Synopsis Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys with High Actuation Forces by :
Download or read book Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys with High Actuation Forces written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The specific aims of the project are: 1) Understand governing mechanisms and important physical, mechanical and magnetic parameters responsible for magnetic shape memory phenomena in MSMA alloys in single crystalline form, 2) to develop new nickel, iron or cobalt base ferromagnetic alloy compositions to increase attainable actuation stress levels and to reveal new magneto-thermomechanical mechanisms, 3) to conduct experiments to evaluate whether these compositions will result in good magnetic shape memory response and high actuation force, and 4) to develop a thermodynamically sound model that will predict the coupled effects of mechanical load, magnetic field and temperature on magnetic shape memory behavior.
Book Synopsis Advances in Linear and Nonlinear Continuum and Structural Mechanics by : Holm Altenbach
Download or read book Advances in Linear and Nonlinear Continuum and Structural Mechanics written by Holm Altenbach and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-03 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a current image of modern mechanics. The book reflects current state of the art in the field of continuum mechanics and mechanics of structures including recent achievements in classic and non-classic approaches. The chapters are written by leading specialist in the field, so the book collects cutting edge investigations in the field. As a target we consider the society starting from beginners, i.e. master and PhD students, and also leaders in the field, that is professors of universities and civil, mechanical and aerospace engineers.
Book Synopsis Effects of the Internal Magnetic Field on the Magneto-mechanical Properties of Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys by : Anthony Hobza
Download or read book Effects of the Internal Magnetic Field on the Magneto-mechanical Properties of Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys written by Anthony Hobza and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Shape memory alloys are a class of functional material which recover from large strains without permanent deformation. The strain is accommodated by the displacement of twin boundaries in the martensite phase. The shape memory alloy Ni-Mn-Ga is also ferromagnetic. Ni-Mn-Ga preferentially magnetizes along a certain crystallographic axis. This direction of easy magnetization changes across twin boundaries, such that the directions in neighboring twin domains are nearly perpendicular. The interaction of magnetic moments and interfaces including the crystal surface and twin boundary interfaces has a large role in the magnetization process of the material. The goal of this study is to characterize the relative influence of twin boundaries on the magnetization of the material, and the dependence of the magnetization on the twin domain microstructure. The torque on a single crystal specimen in a homogeneous external magnetic field was characterized with experimental methods. The torque is the negative first derivative of the magnetic energy as a function of angle between the specimen and magnetic field. The torque and magnetic energy strongly depends on the twin domain microstructure. For specimen with two twin boundaries at 3% strain in an external magnetic field of 50 mT, one twin microstructure required 1.7 times more torque to rotate than another twin microstructure. At fields above 100 mT, the torque was asymmetric depending on the direction the direction the sample was rotated. Numerical micromagnetic simulations were performed to gain a qualitative understanding of the difference in magnetization and magnetic energy in different twin microstructures. At low fields, the continuity of magnetization across the twin boundary results in one twin microstructure having completely saturated twin domains, while the other microstructures contained 180° magnetic domains. At larger fields, the asymmetry in torque was due to the angle of the twin boundary with the crystal surface. Both the dependence on magnetization and torque asymmetry are due to the internal magnetic field at the twin boundary. The interaction of magnetic moments across the twin boundary drives the internal magnetic field and magnetization. The twin domain microstructure can be manipulated to drive the magnetization process in order to optimize the performance of the material in a device. The role of the internal magnetic field and specimen magnetization is discussed regarding a low power strain sensing measurement technique."--Boise State University ScholarWorks.
Book Synopsis Magnetic Field-induced Phase Transformation and Power Harvesting Capabilities in Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys by : Burak Basaran
Download or read book Magnetic Field-induced Phase Transformation and Power Harvesting Capabilities in Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys written by Burak Basaran and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys (MSMAs) combine shape-change/deformation-recovery abilities of heat driven conventional shape memory alloys (SMA) and magnetic field driven magnetostrictives through martensitic transformation. They are promising for actuator applications, and can be employed as sensors/power-harvesters due to their capability to convert mechanical stimuli into magnetic response or vice versa. The purpose of the present work was to investigate magneto-thermo-mechanical (MTM) response of various MSMAs, under simultaneously applied magnetic field, heat and stress. To accomplish this, two novel testing systems which allowed absolute control on magnetic field and stress/strain in a wide and stable range of temperature were designed and manufactured. MTM characterization of MSMAs enabled us to determine the effects of main parameters on reversible magnetic field-induced phase transformation (FIPT), such as magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy, Zeeman energy, stress hysteresis, thermal hysteresis, critical stress to start stress induced phase transformation and crystal orientation. Conventional SMA characteristics of single crystalline Ni2MnGa and NiMnCoIn and polycrystalline NiMnCoAl and NiMnCoSn MSMAs were investigated using the macroscopic MTM testing system to reveal how these conventional properties were linked to magnetic-field-induced actuation. An actuation stress of 5 MPa and a work output of 157 kJm−3 were obtained by the field-induced martensite variant reorientation (VR) in NiMnGa alloys. FIPT was investigated both in Ni2MnGa MSMA and in NiMnCoIn metamagnetic SMA. It proved as an alternative governing mechanism of field-induced shape change to VR in Ni2MnGa single crystals: one-way and reversible (0.5% cyclic magnetic field induced strain (MFIS) under 22 MPa) stress-assisted FIPTs were realized under low field magnitudes (
Book Synopsis Shape-Memory Alloys Handbook by : Christian Lexcellent
Download or read book Shape-Memory Alloys Handbook written by Christian Lexcellent and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-08 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to understand and describe the martensitic phase transformation and the process of martensite platelet reorientation. These two key elements enable the author to introduce the main features associated with the behavior of shape-memory alloys (SMAs), i.e. the one-way shape-memory effect, pseudo-elasticity, training and recovery. Attention is paid in particular to the thermodynamical frame for solid materials modeling at the macroscopic scale and its applications, as well as to the particular use of such alloys – the simplified calculations for the bending of bars and their torsion. Other chapters are devoted to key topics such as the use of the “crystallographical theory of martensite” for SMA modeling, phenomenological and statistical investigations of SMAs, magneto-thermo-mechanical behavior of magnetic SMAs and the fracture mechanics of SMAs. Case studies are provided on the dimensioning of SMA elements offering the reader an additional useful framework on the subject. Contents 1. Some General Points about SMAs. 2. The World of Shape-memory Alloys. 3. Martensitic Transformation. 4. Thermodynamic Framework for the Modeling of Solid Materials. 5. Use of the “CTM” to Model SMAs. 6. Phenomenological and Statistical Approaches for SMAs. 7. Macroscopic Models with Internal Variables. 8. Design of SMA Elements: Case Studies. 9. Behavior of Magnetic SMAs. 10. Fracture Mechanics of SMAs. 11. General Conclusion. Appendix 1. Intrinsic Properties of Rotation Matrices. Appendix 2. “Twinning Equation” Demonstration. Appendix 3. Calculation of the Parameters a, n and Q from the “Twinning” Equation. Appendix 4. “Twinned” Austenite/Martensite Equation. About the Authors Christian Lexcellent is Emeritus Professor at the École National Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques de Besançon and a researcher in the Department of Applied Mechanics at FEMTO-ST in France. He is a specialist in the mechanics of materials and phase transition and has taught in the subjects of mechanics of continuum media and shape memory alloys. He is also a member of the International Committee of ESOMAT.
Book Synopsis Advances in Magnetic Shape Memory Materials by : Volodymyr A. Chernenko
Download or read book Advances in Magnetic Shape Memory Materials written by Volodymyr A. Chernenko and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2011-05-17 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special topic volume with invited peer reviewed papers only.
Book Synopsis Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys by : Lluis Manosa
Download or read book Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys written by Lluis Manosa and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2008-06-19 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS). Multiferroic shape-memory alloys that exhibit both ferroelastic and ferromagnetic properties have recently attracted much attention. They belong to the family of so-called smart materials and are future-generation materials that are likely to be useful in cutting-edge technologies. Apart from the theoretical challenge of understanding their fascinating properties, the quest to harness them for practical use is also attracting many scientists and engineers from all over the world.
Book Synopsis The Magnetocaloric and Elastocaloric Effects in Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys by : Nickolaus Mark Bruno
Download or read book The Magnetocaloric and Elastocaloric Effects in Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys written by Nickolaus Mark Bruno and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present work focuses on the microstructural and magneto-thermo-mechanical characterization of off-stoichiometric meta-magnetic shape memory alloys (MMSMAs) with the aim of identifying key material parameters to optimize their giant magneto- (MCE) and elastocaloric (ECE) effects. Several alloy compositions of NiFeGa, Ni(Co)MnIn, and Ni(Co)MnSn have been studied to quantify their solid state energy conversion performance, in particular the conversion of magnetic and mechanical energy into thermal energy, and to reveal how this performance is influenced by microstructural features tailored using carefully selected heat treatments. To identify how heat treatments influence the energy conversion performance of the selected alloys, a previously established thermodynamic framework, which defines the refrigerant capacity (RC) of non-shape memory alloys (SMAs), was employed with the thermodynamic relations describing first order martensitic phase transitions. Applying the RC framework to MMSMAs demonstrated that most of the key materials parameters relating to the martensitic transition can be combined to predict the magnetic field, or mechanical stress, needed to complete the transformation across a specific operating temperature range; reducing these driving force requirements was the primary focus of the experimental part of this work. Magnetometry, calorimetry, and specialized compression tests were performed on the heat treated SMAs. An experimental apparatus, called the magneto-thermo-mechanical characterization (MaTMeCh) device, was designed, constructed, and implemented to reduce the magnetic field requirements needed for a complete field-induced martensitic transformation by simultaneous application of external stress and magnetic field. This device allows simultaneous control of temperature, magnetic field, and stress while measuring magnetization, strain, stress, and temperature. With the MaTMeCh device, uniaxial compressive stresses up to 200MPa, magnetic fields up to 9T, and temperatures between -100°C and 80°C can be applied to a compression specimen. Using the MaTMeCh device, cyclic stress-assisted magnetic field induced transitions demonstrated the full thermal energy conversion capabilities of cost effective meta-magnetic shape memory alloys. Prior to magneto-thermo-mechanical characterization, numerous SMA compositions were fabricated and heat treated to promote grain growth and a specific degree of long range crystallographic order. Studies, herein, indicated that minimizing the microstructural grain constraint, by producing a large grain size to thickness (GS/t) ratio in polycrystalline SMA ribbons, ultimately reduced the magnetic field levels needed to completely harness the SMA's magnetocaloric effect. Additionally, B2 crystallographic ordering in NiCoMnIn single crystals was found to offer a more efficient magnetic to thermal energy conversion efficiency than the typical L21 ordered alloys. Larger caloric effects were measured in the alloys exhibiting a higher martensitic transformation temperature, i.e. the B2 ordered alloys. As such, B2 ordered single crystals were characterized with the MaTMeCh device, thus lending the ability to measure their maximal magnetocaloric performance. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155374
Book Synopsis An Analysis of Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys Produced by Melt Spinning, Sputtering and Pulsed Laser Deposition by : Neil Dearing
Download or read book An Analysis of Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys Produced by Melt Spinning, Sputtering and Pulsed Laser Deposition written by Neil Dearing and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMA) have recently attracted much interest and research because of their large magnetic-field induced strain. Strains of up to 10% have been reported in single crystals of Ni2MnGa at room temperature. The mechanism of twin boundary motion is understood to be responsible for the strain in FSMA?s and theoretically allows for a full crystal lattice distortion strain, which is 10% in the case of orthorhombic martensites and 5-6% in the case of tetragonal martensites. These strains however are only achievable in single crystals and much smaller strains have been observed in polycrystalline samples. Here, competition of the randomly orientated grains restrict the cooperative twin boundary motion that is evident in single crystals. Melt spun ribbons are often highly textured and may offer a method of producing ribbons in a form useful as a start material for applications, i.e. basis of a useful?bulk? compact form. Magnetic and structural properties of melt spun Ni-Mn-Ga have previously been reported. Applied magnetic field has been shown to affect the transformation strain on cooling. Ni-Mn-Ga alloys form a Heusler (L21) lattice which, on cooling, undergoes a diffusionless transformation beginning at the martensite start temperature Ms into either a tetragonal or orthorhombic martensite, both of which are highly twinned. The reverse transformation begins at the austenite start temperature As and both transformations occur over a range of approximately 10K. The type of martensite formed depends strongly on the composition of the sample and its thermal history. The influence of atomic order in Ni-Mn-Ga alloys has also been studied. It has been found that the degree of atomic order plays a large part in determining the martensitic transition temperature. This temperature is suppressed significantly in the disordered B2 structure where there is little correlation of the Mn and Ga atoms at the body center. Ni2MnGa undergoes a B2 to L21 (Heusler) transition at 1071K on cooling. In this work the structural and magnetic properties of melt spun Ni-Mn-Ga ribbons are presented and the effect of an applied magnetic field on the transformation strain is shown for the case of annealed ribbons under tensile stress. It is the intention of this work to explore the properties of melt-spun ribbons of the ferromagnetic shape memory alloys Ni-Mn-Ga and Ni-Fe-Ga with the addition of Tb. A range of compositions of both alloys have been created and analysed for both structural and magnetic properties. Melt spun ribbons are usually either amorphous or nanocrystalline, so the effect of heat treatments to both relieve stress and re-crystallise the ribbons is also explored. This provides some insight into how the crystal structure and magnetic properties evolve with annealing temperature. Thin films of these ferromagnetic shape memory alloys were also produced by both sputtering and pulsed laser deposition in order to characterise their behaviour and gain some insight into the growth conditions necessary to successfully produce thin films of ferromagnetic shape memory alloys. This was done because thin films grown at low temperatures can have similar properties to the melt spun ribbons, in that they are nanocrystalline or amorphous. It was hoped that producing and analysing these thin films would yield some more information about the behaviour of polycrystalline ferromagnetic shape memory alloys.
Book Synopsis International Conference on Martensitic Transformations (ICOMAT) 2008 by : Gregory Olson
Download or read book International Conference on Martensitic Transformations (ICOMAT) 2008 written by Gregory Olson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-10-09 with total page 1617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the week of June 29 - July 5, 2008, over 300 scientists and engineers from 30 countries spanning five continents converged at the historic La Fonda Hotel in the city of Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA to participate in the 12th International Conference on Martensitic Transformations (ICOMAT-08) to fathom the peculiar world of certain crystalline materials that undergo structural change when cooled or stressed. Many of these materials can restore their original shape when reheated, thus the name "Shape Memory Alloys". In the spirit of Santa Fe, a central theme of ICOMAT-08 was INTEGRATION across many dimensions.
Book Synopsis Magnetic Field Induced Strain in Polycrystalline Magnetic Shape Memory Foam by : Cassie Witherspoon
Download or read book Magnetic Field Induced Strain in Polycrystalline Magnetic Shape Memory Foam written by Cassie Witherspoon and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Magnetic Field on Shape Memory Behavior in Heusler-type Ni2MnGa-based Compounds by : Soon-Jong Jeong
Download or read book The Effect of Magnetic Field on Shape Memory Behavior in Heusler-type Ni2MnGa-based Compounds written by Soon-Jong Jeong and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
