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Effects Of Leachate From Bioreactor And Recirculation Landfills On The Hydraulic Conductivity Of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
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Book Synopsis Effects of Leachate from Bioreactor and Recirculation Landfills on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Geosynthetic Clay Liners by : Tammy L. Rauen
Download or read book Effects of Leachate from Bioreactor and Recirculation Landfills on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Geosynthetic Clay Liners written by Tammy L. Rauen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Multilevel Modeling of Secure Systems in QoP-ML by : Bogdan Księżopolski
Download or read book Multilevel Modeling of Secure Systems in QoP-ML written by Bogdan Księżopolski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-07-02 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introducing the Quality of Protection Modeling Language (QoP-ML), this book provides for the abstraction of security systems while maintaining emphasis on the details of quality protection . It delineates the steps used in cryptographic protocol and introduces a multilevel protocol analysis that expands current understanding. Every operation defined by QoP-ML is described within parameters of security metrics, therefore evaluating the impact of the operation on the entire system's security.
Book Synopsis Effects of leachates on the hydraulic conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) by : Janice Lee Ruhl
Download or read book Effects of leachates on the hydraulic conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) written by Janice Lee Ruhl and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydraulic Conductivity of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Permeated at Elevated Temperatures by : Nimisha H. Patel
Download or read book Hydraulic Conductivity of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Permeated at Elevated Temperatures written by Nimisha H. Patel and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Cation Exchange During Subgrade Hydration and Leachate Permeation on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Geosynthetic Clay Liners by : Sabrina L. Bradshaw
Download or read book Effect of Cation Exchange During Subgrade Hydration and Leachate Permeation on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Geosynthetic Clay Liners written by Sabrina L. Bradshaw and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Landfill Leachates on Natural Liner Systems by : David E. Daniel
Download or read book Effects of Landfill Leachates on Natural Liner Systems written by David E. Daniel and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Leachate Recirculation in Bioreactor Landfills by : Mazen Mohamad Haydar
Download or read book Leachate Recirculation in Bioreactor Landfills written by Mazen Mohamad Haydar and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Compatibility of Geosynthetic Clay Liners with Leachate from CCP Management Facilities by :
Download or read book Compatibility of Geosynthetic Clay Liners with Leachate from CCP Management Facilities written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments were conducted to evaluate whether coal combustion product (CCP) leachates adversely affect the hydraulic conductivity (K) of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) as an alternative material in lieu of a compacted clay liner (CCL). Chemical properties of CCP leachates were compiled based on a nationwide survey of CCP disposal facilities. Five synthetic leachates were developed to represent a range of conditions encountered in CCP disposal facilities: typical CCP leachate, strongly divalent cation fly ash leachate, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) residual leachate, high ionic strength ash leachate, and trona ash leachate. Nine GCLs were tested: two Na-bentonite (NaB) GCLs, six bentonite-polymer (P-B) GCLs, and one bentonite polymer composite (BPC). Hydraulic conductivity tests on GCLs were conducted on prehydrated (60-d on subgrade soil or DI water) and non-prehydrated GCL specimens. Tests were run to hydraulic and chemical equilibrium at effective stresses of 20 kPa, and then higher effective stresses were applied up to 450 kPa. At 20 kPa, the GCLs with NaB had high hydraulic conductivity to CCP leachates (10-10 to 10-6 m/s). Hydraulic conductivity was directly proportional to the ionic strength of the leachate and inversely proportional to the swell index of the bentonite when hydrated in leachates. The hydraulic conductivity of B-P GCLs with low polymer loading (d"1.2%) behaved similarly to NaB GCLs. However, the hydraulic conductivity of GCLs with polymer loading e"1.9 % is controlled by the clogging behavior of polymer hydrogel. Polymer elution was observed during the hydraulic conductivity tests, and increasing hydraulic conductivity was associated with cumulative polymer elution. Increasing the effective stress from 20 to 450 kPa caused the hydraulic conductivity to decrease by up to three orders of magnitude. At 450 kPa effective stress, the hydraulic conductivities of all tests were lower than 10-9 m/s except for one test with Trona leachate. This observation indicates that high effective stress can minimize the effect of CCP chemistry on the hydraulic behavior of GCLs. Subgrade hydration had no beneficial effect on hydraulic conductivity; however, prehydration with DI water can effectively protect the GCLs due to a large amount of immobile water retained in the bentonite
Book Synopsis The Affect [i.e. Effect] of Municipal Landfill Leachate on the Characterization of Fluid Flow Through Clay by : Aaron L. Hope
Download or read book The Affect [i.e. Effect] of Municipal Landfill Leachate on the Characterization of Fluid Flow Through Clay written by Aaron L. Hope and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Federal and state regulations prescribe design requirements for low permeability clay landfill liners based on saturated hydraulic conductivity. The assumption that clay liners are saturated for the duration of their life is a simplification of the true processes at work. The fact that clay liners are compacted to optimum, or just wet of optimum, proves that they are initially subject to unsaturated conditions, and it is well known that liners can remain variably saturated for the duration of their life. Furthermore laboratory measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity are generally based on water as pore fluid. While this is appropriate for landfill cover liners, leaching effects may drastically change pore fluid chemistry as water moves through the landfill to the bottom liner. Since many of the mechanical properties of clay soils are closely related to the water-retention characteristics of the soil mass; and since the latter is a function of the mineralogy, pore fluid chemistry, fabric and structure of the soil mass; any change of the pore fluid chemistry may lead to a removal of existing bonds and therefore an alteration of the internal equilibrium stability of the soil mass. In this study the goal is to determine the effect of modeling two different pore fluids - leachate and water. This research uses an approach that critically assesses how leachate will move through a landfill bottom liner differently than water.
Book Synopsis Sustainability in the Mineral and Energy Sectors by : Sheila Devasahayam
Download or read book Sustainability in the Mineral and Energy Sectors written by Sheila Devasahayam and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable practices within the mining and energy sectors are assuming greater significance due to uncertainty and change within the global economy and safety, security, and health concerns. This book examines sustainability issues facing the mining and energy sectors by addressing six major themes: Mining and Mineral Processing; Metallurgy and Recycling; Environment; Energy; Socioeconomic and Regulatory; and Sustainable Materials and Fleets. Emphasizing an integrated transdisciplinary approach, it deliberates on optimizing mining productivity and energy efficiency and discusses integrated waste management practices. It discusses risk management, cost cutting, and integration of sustainable practices for long-term business value. It gives a comprehensive outlook for sustainable mineral futures from academic and industry perspectives covering mine to mill optimization, waste, risk and water management, improved efficiencies in mining tools and equipment, and performance indicators for sustainable developments. It covers how innovation and research underpin management of natural resources including sustainable carbon management. •Focuses on mining and mineral processing, metallurgy and recycling, the environment, energy, socioeconomic and regulatory issues, and sustainable materials and fleets. •Describes metallurgy and recycling and uses economic, environmental and social parameter analyses to identify areas for improvement in iron, steel, aluminium, lead, zinc, copper, and gold production. •Discusses current research on mining, performance indicators for sustainable development, sustainability in mining equipment, risk and safety management, and renewable energy resources •Covers alternative and conventional energy sources for the mineral sector as well water treatment and remediation and energy sustainability in mining. •Provides an overview of sustainable carbon management. •Offers an interdisciplinary approach with international focus.
Book Synopsis Barrier Systems for Waste Disposal Facilities by : J.R. Booker
Download or read book Barrier Systems for Waste Disposal Facilities written by J.R. Booker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-06-03 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The protection of groundwater and surface water from contamination by the escape of contaminant from waste disposal is now an important consideration in many countries of the world.This book deals with the design of 'barrier systems' which separate waste from the surrounding environment and which are intended to prevent contamination of both ground
Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Plasticity Ratio and Hydraulic Conductivity for Bentonite Clay During Exposure to Synthetic Landfill Leachate by : Whitney M. Allen
Download or read book The Relationship Between Plasticity Ratio and Hydraulic Conductivity for Bentonite Clay During Exposure to Synthetic Landfill Leachate written by Whitney M. Allen and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to determine if a correlation exists between the experimentally determined liquid limit and plastic limit of a specific clay and its hydraulic conductivity when exposed to a synthetic leachate. It was determined that a trend exists that will allow for less expensive and time-consuming determination for hydraulic conductivity of a clay liner when exposed to a specific chemical solution. However, more experimental data need to be collected before a definite trend is verified. The proposed procedure requires that a hydraulic conductivity test of the clay be run using deionized water as the permeant, and plasticity index tests be performed using the leachate.
Book Synopsis Effect of Cation Exchange and Desiccation on the Hydraulic Conductivity of GCLS Used in Landfill Covers - Laboratory and Field Studies by : Stephen Robert Meer
Download or read book Effect of Cation Exchange and Desiccation on the Hydraulic Conductivity of GCLS Used in Landfill Covers - Laboratory and Field Studies written by Stephen Robert Meer and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Organic Leachate Effects to Hydraulic Conductivity in Fine-grained Soils by : Y. B. Acar
Download or read book Organic Leachate Effects to Hydraulic Conductivity in Fine-grained Soils written by Y. B. Acar and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Long Term Effect of Inorganic Leachate on Geosynthetic Clay Liners by : Darwish El-Hajji
Download or read book Evaluation of the Long Term Effect of Inorganic Leachate on Geosynthetic Clay Liners written by Darwish El-Hajji and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Because of its low permeability and high swelling characteristics, bentonite is used in various hydraulic barrier systems and in the manufacturing of Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs). Exposure to inorganic solutions containing elevated concentrations of electrolyte can significantly increase their permeability. To enhance the bentonite's chemical resistance to inorganic solutions, the manufacturers of GCL materials introduced propriety soluble polymeric compounds as an additive to bentonite. The resulting materials are referred to as polymer-treated, chemically-enhanced, or contaminant-resistant clays, and are arguably resistant to a host of inorganic chemicals. In this study, the response of both regular and polymer treated bentonite clays to ordinary tap water and inorganic landfill leachate is evaluated using permeability tests, index tests and x-ray diffraction. The results indicate the high dependence of performance on sample preparation techniques, pre-hydration conditions, and first wetting liquid and, to a lesser extent, polymer treatment. The x-ray diffraction results indicate that the samples reached chemical equilibrium during the permeation process, as demonstrated by a full shift in d-spacing from Na-bentonite to Ca-bentonite. Further, the results show that the cation exchange capacity, the clay plasticity ratio, and the swell index appear to be reliable indicators of the hydraulic compatibility of bentonite permeated with inorganic chemicals.
Book Synopsis Influence of Initial Hydration Conditions on GCL Leachate Permeability by : L. Comeaga
Download or read book Influence of Initial Hydration Conditions on GCL Leachate Permeability written by L. Comeaga and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern landfill liners typically contain several geosynthetics and natural omponents integrated into a system whose primary function is the containment of waste and leachate. One of these hydraulic barrier components is represented by Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCL). The GCLs are factory manufactured hydraulic barriers consisting of bentonite clay supported by geotextiles or geomembranes. Since the waterproofing function is assured by the bentonite clay it is therefore advisable to verify its chemical compatibility with the leachate and its effect upon the hydraulic conductivity value. According to the climatic situations occurring between the GCLs and waste installation, the leachate exposure moment can correspond to various GCLs hydration degrees. In this context, this paper aims at analyzing the total or partially hydrated GCL's behavior after a long time exposure to leachate. The permeability tests carried out for two needle-punched GCLs in three situations (saturated with water, water partially hydrated and saturated with leachate) show an important variation of the permeability with the hydration degree.
Book Synopsis Occurrence and Remediation of Pipe Clogging in Landfill Leachate Recirculation Systems by : Stanislaw Lozecznik
Download or read book Occurrence and Remediation of Pipe Clogging in Landfill Leachate Recirculation Systems written by Stanislaw Lozecznik and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigated the changes in leachate composition and clogging evolution in leachate transmission pipes and the use of methanogenesis as a leachate treatment alternative for Bioreactor landfills, by using pilot-scale and laboratory studies. The pilot-scale study consisted of a research station built at Brady Road Landfill, housing sixteen HDPE pipes of three different diameters, conveying leachate intermittently at eight different Reynolds numbers, under reasonably controlled conditions. The pipes were tested for leachate degradation, clogging evolution and hydraulic impairment over time. The laboratory studies carried out tested (1) the effect of turbulence intensity and temperature on leachate degradation and clogging effects and (2) biological pretreatment of leachate prior to injection into a bioreactor cell. The pilot study results showed that under the conditions tested, pipes developed a significant amount of organic and inorganic clog material in less than a year of operation. Since limited quantities of fresh leachate (approx. 3 m3) were used during each leachate degradation analyses, the anticipated effects of clogging in a full scale injection system are expected to be more pronounced, which can negatively impact the long-term hydraulic performance, operation, and service life of a Bioreactor Landfill. The first laboratory study showed that increasing the turbulent energy dissipation rate caused greater amounts of CO2 evolution from the leachate, and temperature increase had an impact on dissolved Ca2+ under atmospheric conditions, affecting clog development. The second and third laboratory studies showed that performing leachate methanogenesis reduces organic (COD, VFA) and inorganic (Ca2+, ISS) clog constituents within the leachate However, the rate of methanogenesis was influenced by the ratio of acetate and propionate. It is suggested that if leachate undergoes methanogenesis in a separate leachate digester prior to re-injection into a bioreactor waste cell, it may protect the pipes and other engineered landfill systems against clogging and its detrimental effects, while allowing for CH4 recovery. However, blending of leachates from different wells or cells prior to the methanogenic digester may be needed to balance the variable concentrations and ratios of acetate and propionate over time from different landfill wells and cells.
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