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Effects Of Ground Motion Spatial Variations And Random Site Conditions On Seismic Responses Of Bridge Structures
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Book Synopsis Effects of Ground Motion Spatial Variations and Random Site Conditions on Seismic Responses of Bridge Structures by : Kaiming Bi
Download or read book Effects of Ground Motion Spatial Variations and Random Site Conditions on Seismic Responses of Bridge Structures written by Kaiming Bi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated abstract] The research carried out in this thesis concentrates on the modelling of spatial variation of seismic ground motions, and its effect on bridge structural responses. This effort brings together various aspects regarding the modelling of seismic ground motion spatial variations caused by incoherence effect, wave passage effect and local site effect, bridge structure modelling with soil-structure interaction (SSI) effect, and dynamic response modelling of pounding between different components of adjacent bridge structures. Previous studies on structural responses to spatial ground motions usually assumed homogeneous flat site conditions. It is thus reasonable to assume that the ground motion power spectral densities at various locations of the site are the same. The only variations between spatial ground motions are the loss of coherency and time delay. For a structure located on a canyon site or site of varying conditions, local site effect will amplify and filter the incoming waves and thus further alter the ground motion spatial variations. In the first part of this thesis (Chapters 2-4), a stochastic method is adopted and further developed to study the seismic responses of bridge structures located on a canyon site. In this approach, the spatially varying ground motions are modelled in two steps. Firstly, the base rock motions are assumed to have the same intensity and are modelled with a filtered Tajimi- Kanai power spectral density function and an empirical spatial ground motion coherency loss function. Then, power spectral density function of ground motion on surface of the canyon site is derived by considering the site amplification effect based on the onedimensional seismic wave propagation theory. The structural responses are formulated in the frequency domain, and mean peak responses are estimated by the standard random vibration method. The dynamic, quasi-static and total responses of a frame structure (Chapter 2) and the minimum separation distances between an abutment and the adjacent bridge deck and between two adjacent bridge decks required in the modular expansion joint (MEJ) design to preclude pounding during strong ground motion shaking are studied (Chapter 3). The influence of SSI is also examined (in Chapter 4) by modelling the soil surrounding the pile foundation as frequency-dependent springs and dashpots in the horizontal and rotational directions. A method is proposed to simulate the spatially varying earthquake ground motion time histories at a canyon site with different soil conditions. This method takes into consideration the local site effect on ground motion amplification and spatial variations. The base rock motions are modelled by a filtered Tajimi-Kanai power spectral density function or a stochastic ground motion attenuation model, and the spatial variations of seismic waves on the base rock are depicted by a coherency loss function. The power spectral density functions on the ground surfaces are derived by considering seismic wave propagations through the local site by assuming the base rock motions consisting of outof- plane SH wave and in-plane combined P and SV waves with an incident angle to the site. The spectral representation method is used to simulate the multi-component spatially varying earthquake ground motions...
Book Synopsis Spatial Variation of Seismic Ground Motions by : Aspasia Zerva
Download or read book Spatial Variation of Seismic Ground Motions written by Aspasia Zerva and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spatial variation of seismic ground motions denotes the differences in the seismic time histories at various locations on the ground surface. This text focuses on the spatial variability of the motions that is caused by the propagation of the waveforms from the earthquake source through the earth strata to the ground surface, and it brings toge
Book Synopsis Effects of Spatially Varying Ground Motions on Bridge Response by : Bo Li
Download or read book Effects of Spatially Varying Ground Motions on Bridge Response written by Bo Li and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adjacent bridge structures can move relatively to each other in an earthquake, resulting in pounding or more severely, unseating. Pounding occurs when the relative closing movement is larger than the structural gap whereas girder unseating takes place due to the relative opening movements being larger than the seating length provided. Relative displacements arise from unequal fundamental frequencies of adjacent bridge structures, spatial variation of ground motions and different soil-structure interaction (SSI). The objective of this thesis is to investigate the influence of these factors, especially spatial variation of ground motions on the bridge response. To achieve the objective, a series of experiments were conducted on the bridge models made of polyvinylchloride (PVC) using either shake tables or inertial actuators. Ground motions of the soft soil, shallow soil and strong rock conditions based on the New Zealand design spectra were simulated. The ground motions of the soft soil condition were further classified as highly, intermediately and weakly correlated ground motions to account for coherency loss effect of excitation spatial variation. These experiments include testing a 1:125 scale bridge with three identical bridge segments to study the effect of spatially varying ground motions with pounding, testing the same model but with the footings on sand contained by rubber boxes to consider the effects of spatially varying ground motions and SSI with pounding, testing one of those bridge segments with movable abutments to investigate the effect of excitation spatial variation considering abutment excitation and pounding, testing a 1:125 scale bridge model with two identical bridge segments with artificial plastic hinges to study the effect of spatially varying ground motions on inelastic bridge response with pounding, and field testing a 1:22 scale bridge segment subjected to spatially varying ground motions to determine the minimum total gap of a modulus expansion joint required to avoid pounding. A total of 8660 tests were performed. Research found that spatial variation of ground motions can increase the relative displacement of adjacent bridge girders and pounding forces. Based on the experimental results, the New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) Bridge manual was reviewed. It was found that the current NZTA Bridge manual is unable to suggest sufficient minimum seating length to accommodate the measured relative opening displacements. A set of empirical equations is therefore proposed to calculate adequate minimum support seating lengths to prevent girder unseating.
Book Synopsis Effects of Spatial Variation of Ground Motions on Large Multiple Supported Structures by : Hong Hao
Download or read book Effects of Spatial Variation of Ground Motions on Large Multiple Supported Structures written by Hong Hao and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stochastic Modelling and Analysis for Bridges Under Spatially Varying Ground Motions by : Deyi Zhang
Download or read book Stochastic Modelling and Analysis for Bridges Under Spatially Varying Ground Motions written by Deyi Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquake is undoubtedly one of the greatest natural disasters that can induce serious structural damage and huge losses of properties and lives. The resulting destructive consequences not only have made structural seismic analysis and design much more important but have impelled the necessity of more realistic representation of ground motions, such as inclusion of ground motion spatial variations in earthquake modelling and seismic analysis and design of structures. Recorded seismic ground motions exhibit spatial variations in their amplitudes and phases, and the spatial variabilities have an important effect on the responses of structures extended in space, such as long span bridges. Because of the multi-parametric nature and the complexity of the problems, the development of specific design provisions on spatial variabilities of ground motions in modern seismic codes has been impeded. Eurocode 8 is currently the only seismic standard worldwide that gives a set of detailed guidelines to explicitly tackle spatial variabilities of ground motions in bridge design, providing both a simplified design scheme and an analytical approach. However, there is gap between the code-specified provisions in Eurocode 8 and the realistic representation of spatially varying ground motions (SVGM) and the corresponding stochastic vibration analysis (SVA) approaches. This study is devoted to bridge this gap on modelling of SVGM and development of SVA approaches for structures extended in space under SVGM. A complete and realistic SVGM representation approach is developed by accounting for the incoherence effect, wave-passage effect, site-response effect, ground motion nonstationarity, tridirectionality, and spectra-compatibility. This effort brings together various aspects regarding rational seismic scenarios determination, comprehensive methods of accounting for varying site effects, conditional modelling of SVGM nonstationarity, and code-specified ground motion spectra-compatibility. A comprehensive, systematic, and efficient SVA methodology is derived for long span structures under tridirectional nonstationary SVGM. An absolute-response-oriented scheme of pseudo-excitation method and an improved high precision direct integration method are proposed to reduce the enormous computational effort of conventional nonstationary SVA. A scheme accounting for tridirectional varying site-response effect is incorporated in the nonstationary SVA scheme systematically. The proposed highly efficient and accurate SVA approach is implemented and verified in a general finite element analysis platform to make it readily applicable in SVA of complex structures. Based on the proposed SVA approach, parametric studies of two practical long span bridges under SVGM are conducted. To account for spatial randomness and variability of soil properties in soil-structure interaction analysis of structures under SVGM, a meshfree-Galerkin approach is proposed within the Karhunen-Loeve expansion scheme for representation of spatial soil properties modelled as a random field. The meshfree shape functions are proposed as a set of basis functions in the Galerkin scheme to solve integral equation of Karhunen-Loeve expansion, with a proposed optimization scheme in treating the compatibility between the target and analytical covariance models. The accuracy and validity of the meshfree-Galerkin scheme are assessed and demonstrated by representation of covariance models for various homogeneous and nonhomogeneous spatial fields. The developed modelling approaches of SVGM and the derived analytical SVA approaches can be applied to provide more refined solutions for quantitatively assessing code-specified design provisions and developing new design provisions. The proposed meshfree-Galerkin approach can be used to account for spatial randomness and variability of soil properties in soil-structure interaction analysis.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 2023 5th International Conference on Hydraulic, Civil and Construction Engineering (HCCE 2023) by : Ping Xiang
Download or read book Proceedings of the 2023 5th International Conference on Hydraulic, Civil and Construction Engineering (HCCE 2023) written by Ping Xiang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024 with total page 905 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Structural Response to Spatially Varying Earthquake Ground Motion by : Ernesto Heredia-Zavoni
Download or read book Structural Response to Spatially Varying Earthquake Ground Motion written by Ernesto Heredia-Zavoni and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bridge Engineering Handbook by : Wai-Fah Chen
Download or read book Bridge Engineering Handbook written by Wai-Fah Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-01-27 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1999: The Bridge Engineering Handbook is a unique, comprehensive, and state-of-the-art reference work and resource book covering the major areas of bridge engineering with the theme "bridge to the 21st century." This second volume includes sections covering substructure design and seismic design.
Book Synopsis Multiple Support Response Spectrum Analysis of Bridges Including the Site-response Effect & MSRS Code by : Armen Der Kiureghian
Download or read book Multiple Support Response Spectrum Analysis of Bridges Including the Site-response Effect & MSRS Code written by Armen Der Kiureghian and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive investigation of the Multiple Support Response Spectrum (MSRS) method for seismic analysis of bridges and other multiply supported structures is presented. The method accurately accounts for the spatial variability of ground motions, including the effects of incoherence, wave passage, and spatially varying site response. The structural response is obtained in terms of response spectra and peak displacements at individual support degrees of freedom, and a coherency function that characterizes the three spatial variability effects. Special attention is given to the effect of site response arising from variation in the soil conditions at different supports of the structure. Through extensive comparisons with time history analysis, the validity of the MSRS rule and the site response component of the coherency function are established. Methods for estimating the site frequency response function, needed in the coherency model, are developed and examined. These models and rules are implemented in the MSRS code for application to three-dimensional, multiply supported structures. Using the MSRS code, extensive parametric studies are performed for two example bridge structures. The report concludes with a summary of guidelines for practical implementation of the MSRS rule.
Book Synopsis Mechanics of Structures and Materials XXIV by : Hong Hao
Download or read book Mechanics of Structures and Materials XXIV written by Hong Hao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 1935 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanics of Structures and Materials: Advancements and Challenges is a collection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the 24th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM24, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6-9 December 2016). The contributions from academics, researchers and practising engineers from Australasian, Asia-pacific region and around the world, cover a wide range of topics, including: • Structural mechanics • Computational mechanics • Reinforced and prestressed concrete structures • Steel structures • Composite structures • Civil engineering materials • Fire engineering • Coastal and offshore structures • Dynamic analysis of structures • Structural health monitoring and damage identification • Structural reliability analysis and design • Structural optimization • Fracture and damage mechanics • Soil mechanics and foundation engineering • Pavement materials and technology • Shock and impact loading • Earthquake loading • Traffic and other man-made loadings • Wave and wind loading • Thermal effects • Design codes Mechanics of Structures and Materials: Advancements and Challenges will be of interest to academics and professionals involved in Structural Engineering and Materials Science.
Book Synopsis Modern Earthquake Engineering by : Junbo Jia
Download or read book Modern Earthquake Engineering written by Junbo Jia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-01 with total page 859 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses applications of earthquake engineering for both offshore and land-based structures. It is self-contained as a reference work and covers a wide range of topics, including topics related to engineering seismology, geotechnical earthquake engineering, structural engineering, as well as special contents dedicated to design philosophy, determination of ground motions, shock waves, tsunamis, earthquake damage, seismic response of offshore and arctic structures, spatial varied ground motions, simplified and advanced seismic analysis methods, sudden subsidence of offshore platforms, tank liquid impacts during earthquakes, seismic resistance of non-structural elements, and various types of mitigation measures, etc. The target readership includes professionals in offshore and civil engineering, officials and regulators, as well as researchers and students in this field.
Book Synopsis Effect of the Spatial Variability of Ground Motions on the Seismic Response of Reinforced Concrete Highway Bridges by : Lei Lou
Download or read book Effect of the Spatial Variability of Ground Motions on the Seismic Response of Reinforced Concrete Highway Bridges written by Lei Lou and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Spatial Variation of Ground Motions on Large Multiply-supported Structures by : Hong Hao
Download or read book Effects of Spatial Variation of Ground Motions on Large Multiply-supported Structures written by Hong Hao and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: July 1989.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Dynamic Analysis of Bridges Subjected to Spatially Varying Ground Motions by : Aikaterini Konakli
Download or read book Stochastic Dynamic Analysis of Bridges Subjected to Spatially Varying Ground Motions written by Aikaterini Konakli and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using response spectrum and time-history analysis methods, a thorough investigation of the response of bridges subjected to spatially varying support motions is performed. Three main causes of spatial variability are considered: the incoherence effect, which represents random differences in the amplitudes and phases of seismic waves due to reflections and refractions that occur during wave propagation in the heterogeneous medium of the ground and due to differential superposition of waves arriving from different parts of an extended source; the wave-passage effect, which describes the differences in the arrival times of waves at separate locations; and the site-response effect, which accounts for differences in the intensities and frequency contents of surface motions due to variable soil profiles underneath the supports. The multiple-support response spectrum (MSRS) method originally developed by Der Ki-ureghian and Neuenhofer (1992) is generalized to allow consideration of response quantities that depend on the support degrees of freedom, and extended to account for quasi-static contributions of truncated modes. Efficient algorithms and a computer code are developed for the implementation of the generalized and extended MSRS method. The code is used for comprehensive parametric analyses of four real bridge models with vastly different characteristics. The analyses identify cases of ground motion spatial variability and types of bridges for which the effects of spatial variability are significant. Methods for simulation of spatially varying ground motion arrays incorporating the effects of incoherence, wave passage and differential site response are developed. The simulated motions inherit statistical characteristics of a specified acceleration record at a reference site. The conditional simulation approach preserves time-history characteristics of the specified record; however, the array of motions exhibits increasing variability with distance from the reference site. The unconditional simulation method generates an array of motions that preserve the overall temporal and spectral characteristics of the specified record and exhibit uniform variability at all locations. The simulated motions are validated by examining their physical compliance and by comparing their response spectra, coherency characteristics and power spectral densities with corresponding target models. Sets of simulated support motions are used to investigate the effect of spatial variability on linear and non-linear bridge response by time-history analyses. Comparisons between linear and non-linear pier drifts are performed to assess the accuracy of the "equal dis-placement" rule (Veletsos and Newmark, 1960) for spatially varying ground motions. Comparisons between mean peak responses obtained from linear time-history and MSRS analyses provide information on the range of errors induced by the approximations involved in the latter method. Finally, coherency analysis of a recorded array of near-fault ground motions is performed. The ability of commonly used models to describe the incoherence component of this array is assessed.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Local Variations in Free Field Seismic Ground Motion by : Jian-Chu Chen
Download or read book Analysis of Local Variations in Free Field Seismic Ground Motion written by Jian-Chu Chen and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquake engineers are often faced with the problem of determining the temporal and spatial variation of near-surface seismic motions in a site. This type of information is needed for the evaluation of soil-structure interaction effects, liquefaction potential and the effects of local site conditions on surface motions. Actual ground motions are due to a complicated system of body waves and surface waves. However, it is usually assumed that near-surface motions consist only of vertically propagating waves. In order to examine the validity of this assumption for engineering design a theoretical investigation has been made into the nature of near-surface motions produced by horizontally propagating waves. These include inclined P-, SV-, and SH-waves, Rayleigh waves and Love waves in horizontally layered sites over a viscoelastic half space. The research involved five phases: (1) review of current knowledge, (2) development of new methods of site response analysis, (3) application to site response analysis, (4) application to soil-structure interaction analysis and, (5) evaluation of the relative importance of horizontally propagating waves in engineering design. (Author).
Book Synopsis Spatial Variation of Seismic Ground Motions for Bridge Response Analysis in Complex Topographic Conditions by : Zhan Yu
Download or read book Spatial Variation of Seismic Ground Motions for Bridge Response Analysis in Complex Topographic Conditions written by Zhan Yu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bridge Engineering Handbook, Five Volume Set by : Wai-Fah Chen
Download or read book Bridge Engineering Handbook, Five Volume Set written by Wai-Fah Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-01-24 with total page 3130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 140 experts, 14 countries, and 89 chapters are represented in the second edition of the Bridge Engineering Handbook. This extensive collection provides detailed information on bridge engineering, and thoroughly explains the concepts and practical applications surrounding the subject, and also highlights bridges from around the world.Published
