Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Effects Of Forest Edges Exotic Ants And Nonnative Plants On Local Ant Hymenoptera Formicidae Diversity In Urban Forest Fragments Of Northeastern Ohio
Download Effects Of Forest Edges Exotic Ants And Nonnative Plants On Local Ant Hymenoptera Formicidae Diversity In Urban Forest Fragments Of Northeastern Ohio full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Effects Of Forest Edges Exotic Ants And Nonnative Plants On Local Ant Hymenoptera Formicidae Diversity In Urban Forest Fragments Of Northeastern Ohio ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Effects of Forest Edges, Exotic Ants and Nonnative Plants on Local Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Diversity in Urban Forest Fragments of Northeastern Ohio by : Kaloyan Ivanov
Download or read book Effects of Forest Edges, Exotic Ants and Nonnative Plants on Local Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Diversity in Urban Forest Fragments of Northeastern Ohio written by Kaloyan Ivanov and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urbanization has resulted in massive transformation of natural habitats with profound effects on biodiversity. Addressing the problems associated with anthropogenic deterioration of the environment requires solid understanding of the factors driving these changes. Habitat patch size, edge effects, and the presence of invasive species are among the key features of the urban landscape affecting local communities. My study focused on the effects of habitat edges, the exotic ant Nylanderia flavipes, and the invasive herb garlic mustard on local ant diversity in deciduous forest fragments of northeastern Ohio. In addition, I explored the value of common ant collecting techniques for estimating ant diversity. When compared to pitfall trapping, Winkler litter extraction showed greater species richness and higher abundance of ants and exhibited the advantage of a more complete inventory. Winkler extraction may completely replace pitfall trapping in temperate forests with well-developed litter layer, and inventorying programs may benefit from the inclusion of this technique as a rapid and effective ant-collecting tool. Our study documents predictable edge-associated changes in species richness, community composition and functional groups, occurring in local forest ant assemblages. Edge effects are most pronounced within the first 25m, which may have implications for the conservation of forest-dwelling fauna. At the sites where Nylanderia flavipes occurred, we found a 6-fold increase in ant abundance, with 87% of the ants being N. flavipes. The numerical dominance of this species did not lead to detectable changes in the species richness and abundance of the native ant community, but was responsible for decreased community evenness. This is likely indicative of a recent introduction with populations still being in their latency period. The high local abundance of N. flavipes may give it a competitive advantage and affect native ants through exploitative competition. Plots invaded by garlic mustard showed significant reduction in leaf-litter depth, correlated with increased abundance of nonnative earthworms, but no detectable effects on ant species richness or community composition. My results suggest that regional sylvan ant communities are unaffected by the generally presumed negative effects of garlic mustard, or that these effects are more subtle or confounded by other dominating factors.
Book Synopsis Ant-Plant Interactions by : Paulo S. Oliveira
Download or read book Ant-Plant Interactions written by Paulo S. Oliveira and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-17 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first volume devoted to anthropogenic effects on interactions between ants and flowering plants, considered major parts of terrestrial ecosystems.
Book Synopsis Seed Dispersal by Ants in a Deciduous Forest Ecosystem by : Elena Gorb
Download or read book Seed Dispersal by Ants in a Deciduous Forest Ecosystem written by Elena Gorb and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Countless ants transport and deposit seeds and thereby influence the survival, death, and evolution of many plant species. In higher plants, seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory) has appeared many times independently in different lineages. More than 3000 plant species are known to utilize ant assistance to be planted. Myrmecochory is a very interesting and rather enigmatic form of mutualistic ant-plant associations. This phenomenon is extremely complex, because there are hundreds of ant species connected with hundreds of plant species. This book effectively combines a thorough approach to investigating morphological and physiological adaptations of plants with elegant field experiments on the behaviour of ants. This monograph is a first attempt at collecting information about morphology, ecology and phenology of ants and plants from one ecosystem. The book gives readers a panoramic view of the hidden, poorly-known interrelations not only between pairs of ants and plant species, but also between species communities in the ecosystem. The authors have considered not just one aspect of animal-plant relationships, but have tried to show them in all their complexity. Some aspects of the ant-plant interactions described in the book may be of interest to botanists, others to zoologists or ecologists, but the entire work is an excellent example of the marriage of these biological disciplines.
Book Synopsis The Influence of Aspect and Forest Edge Effects on the Ecology of the Wood Ant, Formica Rufa L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) by : P. Clarkson
Download or read book The Influence of Aspect and Forest Edge Effects on the Ecology of the Wood Ant, Formica Rufa L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) written by P. Clarkson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Habitat fragmentation is widely recognised as a major threat to global biodiversity and by decreasing the size of habitat patches and disrupting important ecological processes through exposure to edge effects, is detrimental to many taxonomic groups, including insects. This research aimed to determine the influence of edge effects on the ecology of the wood ant, Formica rufa L. through an intensive study of a single site in Northamptonshire. The study focused upon the impact of both aspect and distance-related edge effects, measured along three edge to interior transects, a total of 82 sample nests and five control points within four study aspects located around the wood. Nest location and characteristics, density, colony structure, and the phenology of activities were also recorded. Overall, southern transects received more light but lower wind speeds than the other aspects and also supported a greater diversity of tree species. Southern nests also received significantly more light in the early and late parts of the year than nests in other aspects. At the random sampling points, nests received significantly more light and lower wind speeds than the controls. Compared with the controls, nests supported a higher plant species richness, but in terms of abundance, only sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) and elder (Sambucus nigra) were found in greater numbers at nest sites than controls. The south also supported significantly higher nest densities and had a higher percentage of polydomous colonies than the other aspects. The results showed that aspect mediated edge effects caused differences in wood ant phenology. Colonies in the south left hibernation earlier, began reproduction earlier, and had completed the reproductive cycle before colonies in the other aspects had begun theirs. Overall, these results are the first to show the impacts of aspect and distance related forest edge effects on F. rufa.
Book Synopsis Herbivory of Leaf-Cutting Ants by : Rainer Wirth
Download or read book Herbivory of Leaf-Cutting Ants written by Rainer Wirth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant-animal interactions have become a focus of ecological research, with the processes of herbivory being of special interest. This volume examines the interactions of leaf-cutting ants with the rainforest vegetation on Barro Colorado Islands in Central America. It is the synthesis of field research on multiple scales extending over a period of several years. This work can serve as a model study summarizing and extending knowledge about herbivorous insect-plant relationships, and the resulting consequences on structural and functional features of tropical ecosystems. The text is an invaluable reference for researchers and land managers working in the fields of plant-animal interactions, herbivory, community ecology and biodiversity.
Book Synopsis Invasive Forest Insects, Introduced Forest Trees, and Altered Ecosystems by : Timothy D. Paine
Download or read book Invasive Forest Insects, Introduced Forest Trees, and Altered Ecosystems written by Timothy D. Paine and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-09-03 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demand for timber and fibre continues to grow and is being met by increased reliance on plantation forestry. Many of the plantations that are being grown around the globe are non-native species that have characteristics of rapid growth and good commercial qualities. In some cases, the high rates of production are a result of the absence of native herbivore and diseases. This limited pest status is threatened as pest species move around the globe. At the same time there is concern about threats of these non-native plantation species on native communities and the impact of changing climates on forest productivity. This volume explores many of these issues for the first time.
Book Synopsis Biodiversity of Leaf Litter and Arboreal Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in a Temperate Mid-Atlantic Forest by : Hunter Reece Mann
Download or read book Biodiversity of Leaf Litter and Arboreal Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in a Temperate Mid-Atlantic Forest written by Hunter Reece Mann and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dr. Eleanor's Book of Common Ants by : Eleanor Spicer Rice
Download or read book Dr. Eleanor's Book of Common Ants written by Eleanor Spicer Rice and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-08-03 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this witty, accessible, and beautifully illustrated guide, Eleanor Spicer Rice, Alex Wild, and Rob Dunn metamorphose creepy-crawly revulsion into myrmecological wonder. Dr. Eleanor?s Book of Common Ants provides an eye-opening entomological overview of the natural history of species most noted by project participants. Exploring species from the spreading red imported fire ant to the pavement ant, and featuring Wild?s stunning photography, this guide will be a tremendous resource for teachers, students, and scientists alike. But more than this, it will transform the way we perceive the environment around us by deepening our understanding of its littlest inhabitants, inspiring everyone to find their inner naturalist, get outside, and crawl across the dirt?magnifying glass in hand.
Book Synopsis Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States by : Therese M. Poland
Download or read book Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States written by Therese M. Poland and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.
Book Synopsis The Recovery of Ant Communities in Regenerating Tropical Forests by :
Download or read book The Recovery of Ant Communities in Regenerating Tropical Forests written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical forests are the most diverse of all terrestrial ecosystems. Though occupying only 7% of the Earth's land surface, they probably sustain over two-thirds of all species. Tropical forests are disappearing at fast rates and this has been identified as a major threat to global biodiversity. Deforestation, however, is rarely permanent -- converted land is exhausted, abandoned and allowed to regrow. Critical for the future of biodiversity is the degree to which these secondary forests can replace old-growth forests as habitat for forest dwelling species and fulfill similar ecosystem functions. Yet, relatively little is known about the value of secondary forests for the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem functions. The main objective of my dissertation was to evaluate to what degree tropical secondary forests contribute to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem functions. To do so, I used soil and leaf-litter ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) -- a dominant, species rich, and functionally important group of invertebrates -- as model organisms. My approach was twofold: On the one hand, I analyzed the effects of secondary forest succession on various facets of the diversity and community structure of ants. On the other hand, I investigated the successional changes in the ecosystem and how these influence the community assembly of ants. All studies were carried out in the Rio Cachoeira Nature Reserve in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. I sampled the ant community in a total of 27 study sites that encompassed a gradient of naturally regenerating forests in three different successional age stages. Additionally, I also sampled the ant community in pastures and old-growth forests for comparison. Richness and composition of ant assemblages in secondary forests recovered slowly and did not approach conditions typical of old-growth forests. The distribution of ant taxa along the successional gradient was arranged in a nested pattern -- ant taxa of younger successional.
Book Synopsis Determinants of Local Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Species Richness and Activity Density Across Europe by :
Download or read book Determinants of Local Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Species Richness and Activity Density Across Europe written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Species richness is influenced by local habitat features and large-scale climatic gradients. Usually, both influences are studied in isolation because of the divergent spatial scales at which they occur. Here, we compared the influence of large-scale climate and local habitat type on European ants using a continent-wide, standardised sampling programme. 2. We investigated species richness and activity density from pitfall traps distributed over four habitat types at 17 locations from northern Sweden to Spain and Greece. Species richness and activity density were analysed with respect to ambient energy [equilibrium evapotranspiration (EET)] and productive energy (net primary productivity). Furthermore, we compared ant richness and activity density between the four habitat types: arable land, scrubland, grassland, and forest. 3. Species richness and activity density of ants increased with equilibrium evapotranspiration (EET), explaining 30.2% of the total variation in species richness and 24.2% of activity density. Habitat type explained an additional 19.2% of the variation in species richness and 20.2% of activity density, and was not related to productivity. Species richness and activity density were highest in scrubland and significantly lower in forest and (marginally significant) in arable land. 4. The increase in EET and the decrease in forest confirms the pronounced thermophily of ants, whereas the decrease in arable land is probably caused by soil disturbance.
Book Synopsis Turning Up the Heat on the Little Things that Run the World by : Israel Del Toro
Download or read book Turning Up the Heat on the Little Things that Run the World written by Israel Del Toro and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climatic change threatens biodiversity worldwide. In the forests of the northeastern United States, climate change is expected to increase mean annual temperatures by up to 4.5°C and change precipitation seasonality. These changes in climate are likely to have impacts on the biodiversity of the region. In order to better understand the impacts of climate change on biodiversity, I used ants, an indicator taxonomic group, to predict how ant communities and ant-mediated ecosystem processes change as the climate warms. In the first chapter of this dissertation, I review the major ecosystem processes and services mediated by ants using the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment framework. In chapter two of this dissertation I present the results of a major ant sampling effort along environmental gradients of the Appalachian region of the northeastern United States. In 2010 I sampled ant communities in forested and open habitats at 67 localities from Virginia north to Maine and developed macroecological models which show that ant community composition in forested habitats can be explained by the region's climatic properties. In chapter three, I intensively sampled open and forested plots at Harvard Forest LTER and Myles Standish State Forest in eastern Massachusetts. In chapter four, I present the results of a warming mesocosm experiment using the ant species Formica subsericea. I found that as warming increases, soil movement and soil respiration increases but decomposition and nitrogen availability decreases. In the final chapter of this dissertation, I use different functional diversity and species distribution models to classify the ant communities of the region into different functional groups and explore how their distributions will change in future climates. In this dissertation, I show that ant diversity and ant-mediated ecosystem processes are likely to change under future environmental and climatic conditions. I used observational, experimental and modeling approaches to evaluate and predict the consequences of climatic change on the biodiversity of ants in the northeastern U.S. Ants are considered to be amongst the little things that run the world, and the impacts of climatic change on their communities, abundances, distributions are likely to have major impacts on the forests of the region.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Fire Frequency on Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Communities in Open Eucalyptus Forest in North-east Victoria by : Jonathon Peter Thompson
Download or read book The Effects of Fire Frequency on Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Communities in Open Eucalyptus Forest in North-east Victoria written by Jonathon Peter Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fire frequency and intensity is expected to increase in the future because of global warming. This study investigated the effects of fire on ant communities in open eucalyptus forest by comparing ant communities between sites with different wildfire histories. The wildfire classifications were long unburnt(control), burnt in the 2003 Victorian alpine fire, burnt in the 2009 'Black Saturday' fire, and burnt in both the aforementioned fires. One site for study was selected representing each of the fire histories.
Book Synopsis Herbivory of Leaf-Cutting Ants by : Rainer Wirth
Download or read book Herbivory of Leaf-Cutting Ants written by Rainer Wirth and published by Springer. This book was released on 2002-11-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant-animal interactions have become a focus of ecological research, with the processes of herbivory being of special interest. This volume examines the interactions of leaf-cutting ants with the rainforest vegetation on Barro Colorado Islands in Central America. It is the synthesis of field research on multiple scales extending over a period of several years. This work can serve as a model study summarizing and extending knowledge about herbivorous insect-plant relationships, and the resulting consequences on structural and functional features of tropical ecosystems. The text is an invaluable reference for researchers and land managers working in the fields of plant-animal interactions, herbivory, community ecology and biodiversity.
Book Synopsis Public Health Significance of Urban Pests by : Xavier Bonnefoy
Download or read book Public Health Significance of Urban Pests written by Xavier Bonnefoy and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century witnessed important changes in ecology, climate and human behaviour that favoured the development of urban pests. Most alarmingly, urban planners now face the dramatic expansion of urban sprawl, in which city suburbs are growing into the natural habitats of ticks, rodents and other pests. Also, many city managers now erroneously assume that pest-borne diseases are relics of the past. All these changes make timely a new analysis of the direct and indirect effects of present-day urban pests on health. Such an analysis should lead to the development of strategies to manage them and reduce the risk of exposure. To this end, WHO invited international experts in various fields - pests, pest-related diseases and pest management - to provide evidence on which to base policies. These experts identified the public health risk posed by various pests and appropriate measures to prevent and control them. This book presents their conclusions and formulates policy options for all levels of decision-making to manage pests and pest-related diseases in the future. [Ed.]
Book Synopsis Ecology of Fragmented Landscapes by : Sharon K. Collinge
Download or read book Ecology of Fragmented Landscapes written by Sharon K. Collinge and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2009-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ask airline passengers what they see as they gaze out the window, and they will describe a fragmented landscape: a patchwork of desert, woodlands, farmlands, and developed neighborhoods. Once-contiguous forests are now subdivided; tallgrass prairies that extended for thousands of miles are now crisscrossed by highways and byways. Whether the result of naturally occurring environmental changes or the product of seemingly unchecked human development, fractured lands significantly impact the planet’s biological diversity. In Ecology of Fragmented Landscapes, Sharon K. Collinge defines fragmentation, explains its various causes, and suggests ways that we can put our lands back together. Researchers have been studying the ecological effects of dismantling nature for decades. In this book, Collinge evaluates this body of research, expertly synthesizing all that is known about the ecology of fragmented landscapes. Expanding on the traditional coverage of this topic, Collinge also discusses disease ecology, restoration, conservation, and planning. Not since Richard T. T. Forman's classic Land Mosaics has there been a more comprehensive examination of landscape fragmentation. Ecology of Fragmented Landscapes is critical reading for ecologists, conservation biologists, and students alike.
Download or read book Life After Logging written by E. Meijaard and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a technical review of ecological and life history information on a range of Bornean wildlife species, aimed at identifying what makes these species sensitive to timber harvesting practices and associated impacts. It addresses three audiences: 1) those involved in assessing and regulating timber harvesting activities in Southeast Asia, 2) those involved in trying to achieve conservation goals in the region, and 3) those undertaking research to improve multipurpose forest management. This book shows that forest management can be improved in many simple ways to allow timber extraction and wildlife conservation to be more compatible than under current practices. The recommendations can also be valuable to the many governmental and non-governmental organisations promoting sustainable forest management and eco-labelling. Finally, it identifies a number of shortcomings and gaps in knowledge, which the hope can interest the scientific community and promote further research. This review is, an important scientific step toward understanding and improving sustainable forestry practices for long-term biodiversity conservation. Even in the short term, however, significant improvements can be made to improve both conservation and the efficiency of forest management, and there is no need to delay action due to a perceived lack of information. In the longer term it is expected that the recommendations from this review will be implemented, and that further research will continue to help foster an acceptable balance among the choices needed to maintain healthy wildlife populations and biodiversity in a productive forest estate.
