Effects Of Eight Weeks Of High Intensity Interval Training On Blood Glucose Control Endothelial Function And Visceral Fat In Obese Adults

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Effects of Eight Weeks of High-intensity Interval Training on Blood Glucose Control, Endothelial Function, and Visceral Fat in Obese Adults

Author : Brandon J. Sawyer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (862 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Eight Weeks of High-intensity Interval Training on Blood Glucose Control, Endothelial Function, and Visceral Fat in Obese Adults by : Brandon J. Sawyer

Download or read book Effects of Eight Weeks of High-intensity Interval Training on Blood Glucose Control, Endothelial Function, and Visceral Fat in Obese Adults written by Brandon J. Sawyer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death in the United States and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity lead to cardiovascular disease. Obese adults are more susceptible to CVD compared to their non-obese counterparts. Exercise training leads to large reductions in the risk of CVD and T2D. Recent evidence suggests high-intensity interval training (HIT) may yield similar or superior benefits in a shorter amount of time compared to traditional continuous exercise training. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of HIT to continuous (CONT) exercise training for the improvement of endothelial function, glucose control, and visceral adipose tissue. Seventeen obese men (N=9) and women (N=8) were randomized to eight weeks of either HIT (N=9, age=34 years, BMI=37.6 kg/m2) or CONT (N=8, age=34 years, BMI=34.6 kg/m2) exercise 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Endothelial function was assessed via flow-mediated dilation (FMD), glucose control was assessed via continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and visceral adipose tissue and body composition was measured with an iDXA. Incremental exercise testing was performed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. There were no changes in weight, fat mass, or visceral adipose tissue measured by the iDXA, but there was a significant reduction in body fat that did not differ by group (46±6.3 to 45.4±6.6%, P=0.025). HIT led to a significantly greater improvement in FMD compared to CONT exercise (HIT: 5.1 to 9.0%; CONT: 5.0 to 2.6%, P=0.006). Average 24-hour glucose was not improved over the whole group and there were no group x time interactions for CGM data (HIT: 103.9 to 98.2 mg/dl; CONT: 99.9 to 100.2 mg/dl, P>0.05). When statistical analysis included only the subjects who started with an average glucose at baseline> 100 mg/dl, there was a significant improvement in glucose control overall, but no group x time interaction (107.8 to 94.2 mg/dl, P=0.027). Eight weeks of HIT led to superior improvements in endothelial function and similar improvements in glucose control in obese subjects at risk for T2D and CVD. HIT was shown to have comparable or superior health benefits in this obese sample with a 36% lower total exercise time commitment.

THE EFFECTS OF AGE ON ENDOTHELIAL RESPONSE TO HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING

Author : Gabe Gonzalez- Contreras
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis THE EFFECTS OF AGE ON ENDOTHELIAL RESPONSE TO HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING by : Gabe Gonzalez- Contreras

Download or read book THE EFFECTS OF AGE ON ENDOTHELIAL RESPONSE TO HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING written by Gabe Gonzalez- Contreras and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purpose: The world population is growing exponentially older. The age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia, leads to loss of function and independence, disability, and increased mortality. Declining endothelial function during aging may increase dysfunction in muscle. Exercise may partly rescue muscle vascular function. High intensity interval training (HIIT) is a form of exercise that involves short bursts of intense exercise alternated with low intensity recovery periods. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of age on endothelial response to HIIT. We also sought to determine the impact of HIIT on capillarization in both adult and older adult mice. Homogenized gastrocnemius C57BL/6 mice samples were used. The study randomly assigned C57BL/6 mice to a 13-week program of HIIT, with an additional sedentary control group. Randomized mice were adult ages (aged 6 months to 10 months) or older adult ages (aged 22 months to 26 months). Due to complications incurred during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, 28-months old mice served as the sedentary control group (28m). The functional ability of each mouse was measured pre- and post-training using our comprehensive functional assessment battery (CFAB) composite scoring system, consisting of five validated tests. Sarcopenia was measured through analyses of body composition (EchoMRI) and post-training muscle wet mass. Western immunoblots were performed using gastrocnemius homogenates to determine expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic promoter, and immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the capillary to fiber ratio. We observed no statistically significant differences in VEGF expression with either age or exercise status compared to controls two days after the final training session, comparing means with a 1-Way ANOVA. However, due to large individual sample variation limiting power in the ANOVA, we used independent samples t-test, finding older mice had significantly less baseline VEGF expression, VEGF in older mice HIIT group tended to be elevated compared to controls, and HIIT restored VEGF levels to baseline levels of young adult mice. Immunohistochemistry results showed no statistical difference in capillarization between groups (HIIT, CON) in the older adult mice, albeit with a low n=3 per group. Results from the present study suggest that a HIIT training mode may not lead to chronically elevated VEGF levels within muscle in adults but may do so in older adults. This suggests that incorporating HIIT may enhance endothelial health in older adults. Future work is needed to determine if VEGF increased transiently after acute exercise bouts, and whether age plays a role in this response.

The Effects of Short-term High-intensity Interval, Moderate-intensity Continuous and Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Health in Older Adults

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Author : Myles O'Brien
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Short-term High-intensity Interval, Moderate-intensity Continuous and Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Health in Older Adults by : Myles O'Brien

Download or read book The Effects of Short-term High-intensity Interval, Moderate-intensity Continuous and Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Health in Older Adults written by Myles O'Brien and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aging is associated with a decline in peripheral vascular endothelial function [i.e., flow-mediated dilation (FMD)] and cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), which are both critical to cardiovascular health. Accumulating evidence in younger adults suggest that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) provides superior benefits to cardiovascular health than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and whole-body resistance training (RT). We tested whether 6-weeks of HIIT (n=6) improves upper- and lower-limb FMD and BRS more than MICT (n=9) and RT (n=8) in older adults (OA). FMD was assessed via high-resolution ultrasound. Cardiovagal BRS was assessed using Portapres® derived beat-by-beat systolic blood pressures and electrocardiogram-derived cardiac intervals via the 'spontaneous baroreflex sequence' method. Short-term HIIT and MICT elicited similar increases in BRS, brachial and popliteal FMD, whereas no changes were observed following RT. These results indicate that short-term aerobic training augments vascular health and blood pressure regulation more than RT in OA.

The Effect of Run Sprint Interval Training on Diabetic Metabolic Markers in Prediabetic Adults

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (922 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effect of Run Sprint Interval Training on Diabetic Metabolic Markers in Prediabetic Adults by :

Download or read book The Effect of Run Sprint Interval Training on Diabetic Metabolic Markers in Prediabetic Adults written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an 8-week run-sprint interval training (R-SIT) and continuous moderate-intensity training (MIT) on fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin sensitivity, and -cell function in sedentary, prediabetic adults. Secondary outcomes of the study included anthropometric, body composition variables, and aerobic capacity. Methods: Sedentary, physician diagnosed prediabetic individuals were randomized into R-SIT (n=7, BMI 36.76 ± 9.79) or MIT (n=8, BMI 40.59 ± 12.49) interventions. Subjects participated in supervised exercise three times a week and attended a Diabetes Prevention Program course, once weekly. R-SIT participants performed 4-6 x 30-second "all-out" treadmill sprints, interspersed with a 4-minute active recovery at 2-2.5 mph. MIT participants performed 30-40 minutes of continuous moderate-intensity exercise at 45-55% HRR. Analysis of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and fasting insulin were obtained at baseline and 8-weeks. Insulin sensitivity (%) and [beta]-cell function (%) were assessed via HOMA2-IR. Body composition, assessed via dual x-ray absorptiometry, and aerobic capacity assessed during a treadmill ramp protocol, were also obtained before and after 8-weeks of training. Results: Across groups, HbA1c improved across time (p = 0. 042). There were no significant changes in fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, or [beta]-cell function in either group. Relative VO2max significantly improved in the R-SIT participants (+1.63 ± 1.75mL*kg-1*min-1), whereas no change in relative VO2max occurred in the MIT participants. Significant differences in body composition following 8-weeks of exercise occurred only in the MIT group, as measured by body weight (-9.35 ± 6.21 lb.), BMI (-1.21 ± 1.07 kg/m2), BF% (-2.02 ± 1.88%), and LM% (+2.05 ± 1.84%). Conclusion: Eight weeks of exercise improved HbA1c in prediabetic participants. Although no other improvements in glycemic control were demonstrated in either group, R-SIT participants demonstrated improvements in aerobic capacity, despite exercising at maximal intensities for only two to three minutes per session. In contrast, body composition significantly improved in the MIT group only. These findings suggest that 8-weeks of R-SIT training may be an effective strategy for improving cardiorespiratory fitness levels in overweight and obese prediabetic individuals, but is not effective in improving body composition.

The Effects of Moderate- and High- Intensity Exercise on Vascular Endothelial Function in Normal Weight and Obese Adults

Author : Rachel Hallmark
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Moderate- and High- Intensity Exercise on Vascular Endothelial Function in Normal Weight and Obese Adults by : Rachel Hallmark

Download or read book The Effects of Moderate- and High- Intensity Exercise on Vascular Endothelial Function in Normal Weight and Obese Adults written by Rachel Hallmark and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Practical Guide

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis The Practical Guide by :

Download or read book The Practical Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Effect of High-intensity Interval Exercise on Postprandial Endothelial Function in Youth

Author : Justin Ross Ryder
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (884 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effect of High-intensity Interval Exercise on Postprandial Endothelial Function in Youth by : Justin Ross Ryder

Download or read book The Effect of High-intensity Interval Exercise on Postprandial Endothelial Function in Youth written by Justin Ross Ryder and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In adults, consuming a high-fat meal can induce endothelial dysfunction while exercise may mitigate postprandial endothelial dysfunction. Whether exercise is protective against postprandial endothelial dysfunction in obese youth is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) performed the evening prior to a high-fat meal protects against postprandial endothelial dysfunction in obese adolescent males. Fourteen obese adolescent males (BMI%tile=98.5±0.6; 14.3±1.0yrs) completed the study. After initial screening, participants arrived, fasted at 9:00 in the morning where brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured using duplex ultrasound after 20min of supine rest (7.0±3.0%) and completed a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer (VO2peak=2.6±0.5 L/min). Participants were randomized and completed 2 conditions: a morning high-fat meal challenge with evening prior HIIE (EX+M) or a morning high-fat meal challenge without prior exercise (MO). The EX+M condition included a single HIIE session on a cycle ergometer (8 X 2min at ≥90%HRmax, with 2min active recovery between bouts, 42min total) which was performed at 17:00 the evening prior to the meal challenge. In both conditions, a mixed-meal was tailored to participants body weight consisting of 0.7g of fat/kg of body weight consumed (889±95kcal; 65% Fat, 30% CHO). FMD was measured at fasting (>10hrs) and subsequently measured at 2hr and 4hr after high-fat meal consumption. Exercise did not improve fasting FMD (7.5±3.0 vs. 7.4±2.8%, P=0.927; EX+M and MO, respectively). Despite consuming a high-fat meal, FMD was not reduced at 2hr (8.4±3.4 vs. 7.6±3.9%; EX+M and MO, respectively) or 4hr (8.8±3.9 vs. 8.6±4.0%; EX+M and MO, respectively) in either condition and no differences were observed between condition (p(condition*time)=0.928). These observations remained after adjusting for baseline artery diameter and shear rate. We observed that HIIE, the evening prior, had no effect on fasting or postprandial endothelial function when compared with a meal only condition. Future research should examine whether exercise training may be able to improve postprandial endothelial function rather than a single acute bout in obese youth.

The New Atkins for a New You

Author : Dr. Eric C. Westman
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1439190283
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis The New Atkins for a New You by : Dr. Eric C. Westman

Download or read book The New Atkins for a New You written by Dr. Eric C. Westman and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2010-03-02 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The international bestseller that offers a low carb lifestyle that's more flexible, more effective, and easier to maintain than ever before—this solid research-based diet promises and delivers success! Think you know the Atkins Diet? Think again. This completely updated, easier-than-ever version of the scientifically-proven Atkins diet has helped millions of people around the world lose weight—and maintain that weight loss for life. The New Atkins is... Powerful: Learn how to eat the wholesome foods that will turn your body into an amazing fat-burning machine. Easy: The updated and simplified program was created with you and your goals in mind. Healthy: Atkins is about eating delicious and healthy food—a variety of protein, leafy greens, and other vegetables, nuts, fruits, and whole grains. Flexible: Perfect for busy lifestyles: you can stick with Atkins at work, at home, on vacation, when you're eating out—wherever you are. Backed by Science: More than 50 studies support the low-carb science behind Atkins. But Atkins is more than just a diet. This healthy lifestyle focuses on maintenance from Day 1, ensuring that you'll not only take the weight off—you'll keep it off for good. Featuring inspiring success stories, all-new recipes, and 24 weeks' worth of meal plans, The New Atkins for a New You offers the proven low-carb plan that has worked for millions, now totally updated and even easier than ever.

Whole-body Electromyostimulation: A Training Technology to Improve Health and Performance in Humans?

Author : Wolfgang Kemmler
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889638375
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Whole-body Electromyostimulation: A Training Technology to Improve Health and Performance in Humans? by : Wolfgang Kemmler

Download or read book Whole-body Electromyostimulation: A Training Technology to Improve Health and Performance in Humans? written by Wolfgang Kemmler and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Effects of a Fat-sugar Supplemented Diet, with and Without Exercise Training, on Body Fat Mass and Selected Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese, Sedentary Males

Download Effects of a Fat-sugar Supplemented Diet, with and Without Exercise Training, on Body Fat Mass and Selected Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese, Sedentary Males PDF Online Free

Author : Wesley Jack Tucker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (962 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of a Fat-sugar Supplemented Diet, with and Without Exercise Training, on Body Fat Mass and Selected Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese, Sedentary Males by : Wesley Jack Tucker

Download or read book Effects of a Fat-sugar Supplemented Diet, with and Without Exercise Training, on Body Fat Mass and Selected Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese, Sedentary Males written by Wesley Jack Tucker and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The winter holiday period has been highlighted as a major risk period for weight gain due to excess caloric intake in the form of fat and sugar. Furthermore, diets high in fat and sugar have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Exercise aids in the prevention of weight/fat gain, and prevents deleterious changes in cardiometabolic function. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a fat-sugar supplemented diet, with and without two different exercise training protocols, on body composition, glycemic control and other markers of cardiovascular disease in an at-risk population of overweight and obese males. Twenty-seven, healthy overweight/obese (BMI >25 kg/m2) males were fed 2 donuts per day, 6 days/week, for four weeks, while maintaining their current diet. In addition, all subjects were randomized to one of the following conditions: sedentary control, 1,000 kcal/week moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) (50% of peak oxygen consumption), or 1,000 kcal/week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (90-95% of peak heart rate). Supervised exercise training was performed 4 days/week on a cycle ergometer. Changes in body weight and composition, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, glycemic control, blood lipids and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were assessed before and after the intervention. Body weight, lean mass and visceral fat increased significantly in HIIT (p

Science and Application of High-Intensity Interval Training

Author : Laursen, Paul
Publisher : Human Kinetics
ISBN 13 : 1492552127
Total Pages : 672 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Application of High-Intensity Interval Training by : Laursen, Paul

Download or read book Science and Application of High-Intensity Interval Training written by Laursen, Paul and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2019 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The popularity of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), which consists primarily of repeated bursts of high-intensity exercise, continues to soar because its effectiveness and efficiency have been proven in use by both elite athletes and general fitness enthusiasts. Surprisingly, few resources have attempted to explain both the science behind the HIIT movement and its sport-specific application to athlete training. That’s why Science and Application of High-Intensity Interval Training is a must-have resource for sport coaches, strength and conditioning professionals, personal trainers, and exercise physiologists, as well as for researchers and sport scientists who study high-intensity interval training.

Effect of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Vascular Function and Insulin Sensitivity

Author : Shinichiro Sugiura
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (952 download)

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Book Synopsis Effect of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Vascular Function and Insulin Sensitivity by : Shinichiro Sugiura

Download or read book Effect of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Vascular Function and Insulin Sensitivity written by Shinichiro Sugiura and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is characterized by short bursts of vigorous physical activity, interspersed by periods of rest or low-intensity exercise of varying durations. HIIT may be used as an effective alternative to traditional endurance training, resulting in similar or greater improvements in a number of physiological, performance, and health-related indices in both healthy and in individuals with chronic diseases. The present thesis examined the effects of a two-week HIIT program on measures of aerobic fitness, vascular function (Chapter 3) and insulin sensitivity (Chapter 4). The first study demonstrated no effect on flow-mediated dilation or peak oxygen uptake following two weeks of HIIT with L-arginine supplement compared to HIIT alone, although both groups improved time to exhaustion and the peak work rate during progressive ramp exercise to fatigue. The results of the second study demonstrated six session of HIIT had no effect on glucose appearance and removal (i.e. oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT) or insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals with family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or in healthy individuals without a family history of T2DM. However, results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) significantly predicted insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals with a family history of T2DM. In order to prevent chronic diseases, such as T2DM, as well as other diseases that have a sedentary lifestyle as a primary risk factor, it is critical that individuals engage in regular physical activity in an effort to curb the rising trends in the prevalence of hypokinetic diseases. Although the results of the present investigation did not provide significant findings in this group of young, healthy adults, further investigations are necessary, including an examination of the physiological adaptations and compliance associated with longer term HIIT exercise programs, the inclusion of additional patient populations, and the optimal combination of exercise intensity, duration and recovery intervals in order to promote HIIT as an effective, efficient alternative training method.

AMP-activated Protein Kinase

Author : Mario D. Cordero
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319435892
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis AMP-activated Protein Kinase by : Mario D. Cordero

Download or read book AMP-activated Protein Kinase written by Mario D. Cordero and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-02 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AMPK has emerged as an important integrator of signals that control energy balance through the regulation of multiple biochemical pathways in eukaryotes. This book focuses on the implications of AMPK as a master metabolic regulator in diseases, including new methods and animal models. The contributions are written by leading experts in the field and give an extensive overview of the current knowledge of AMPK biology and the role of AMPK in health and disease.

Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults

Author : Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults (U.S.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults by : Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults (U.S.)

Download or read book Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults written by Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of evidence-based recommendations -- Introduction -- Overweight and obesity: background -- Examination of randomized controlled trial evidence -- Treatment guidelines -- Summary of recommendations -- Future research.

Obesity and Lipotoxicity

Author : Ayse Basak Engin
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331948382X
Total Pages : 618 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Obesity and Lipotoxicity by : Ayse Basak Engin

Download or read book Obesity and Lipotoxicity written by Ayse Basak Engin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-05 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the resultant health consequences and considerable increase in prevalence, obesity has become a major worldwide health problem. “Obesity and Lipotoxicity” is a comprehensive review of the recent researches to provide a better understanding of the lipotoxicity-related mechanisms of obesity and the potential for the development of new treatment strategies. This book overviews the biochemical pathways leading to obesity-related metabolic disorders that occur subsequent to lipotoxicity. Chapters examine the deleterious effects of nutrient excess at molecular level including the cellular and molecular aspects of breast cancer, resistance to leptin, insulin, adiponectin, and interconnection between the circadian clock and metabolic pathways during high-fat feeding. “Lipotoxicity and Obesity” will be a useful resource for clinicians and basic science researchers, such as biochemists, toxicologists, immunologists, nutritionists, adult and pediatric endocrinologists, cardiologists, as well as students who are thought in this field.

The Impact of a 12-week High-Intensity Interval Training Program on Popliteal Vascular Responses to Prolonged Sitting

Author : Haoxuan Liu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact of a 12-week High-Intensity Interval Training Program on Popliteal Vascular Responses to Prolonged Sitting by : Haoxuan Liu

Download or read book The Impact of a 12-week High-Intensity Interval Training Program on Popliteal Vascular Responses to Prolonged Sitting written by Haoxuan Liu and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prolonged, uninterrupted sitting (≥1-h) impairs lower-limb flow-mediated dilation (FMD), nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD), and resistance vessel responses. The benefits of regular aerobic exercise on vascular health are well established. However, conflicting evidence exists regarding the influence of aerobic fitness on sitting induced-reductions in lower-limb arterial function. To explore the impact that 12-weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT, 3 sessions/week) had on popliteal FMD, NMD, and reactive hyperemic responses to a bout of prolonged sitting. Twenty-one healthy adults were randomly assigned to HIIT (n=7, 24±8 years, 7♀) or Control groups (n=10, 22±1 years, 6♀). Relative FMD responses (% peak increase from baseline diameter) to 5-min distal cuff occlusion (250 mmHg) and relative NMD responses (% peak increase from baseline diameter) to sublingual nitroglycerin administration (0.4 mg), as well as post-occlusive peak red cell velocity (RBCv) were assessed via duplex ultrasonography before and after a ~3-h bout of uninterrupted sitting. Peak oxygen consumption (relative V̇O2peak, indirect calorimetry) using a maximal cycle ergometer protocol graded cycle ergometry was also assessed. These assessments were repeated following the HIIT (2×20-min bouts of alternating between 15-s intervals at 100% of peak aerobic power and passive recovery) or Control (habitual physical activity) periods. 12-week HIIT improved relative V̇O2peak (35.4±7.8 to 39.5±6.1 ml/kg/min, P=0.005), with no changes observed in the Control group (P=0.306). Sitting-induced changes in popliteal FMD (HIIT: -1.4±2.6 to -1.7±1.9%; Control: -2.9±2.2 to -2.0±2.3%), NMD (HIIT: -3.1±2.9 to -3.2±2.5%; Control: -3.0±2.9 to -3.8±3.7%), or peak hyperemic responses (HIIT: -12.8±6.1 to -12.5±11.0 cm/s; Control: -26.0±14.4 to -9.5±24.7 cm/s) did not change at follow-up in either group (all, P≥0.105). These results indicate that a 12-week HIIT intervention did not provide protection against prolonged sitting-induced lower-limb vascular dysfunction.

Osteosarcopenia

Author : Gustavo Duque
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128204206
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Osteosarcopenia by : Gustavo Duque

Download or read book Osteosarcopenia written by Gustavo Duque and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-03-04 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Falls, fractures, frailty, osteoporosis and sarcopenia are highly prevalent in older persons. While the concept of osteosarcopenia is new, it is a rapidly evolving and cross-disciplinary problem. Prevention and treatment are challenging and a combined therapeutic approach is needed. Osteosarcopenia provides evidence-based information on how to prevent and treat these conditions at multiple settings, including multiple illustrations, care pathways and tips to easily understand the pathophysiology, diagnostic methods and therapeutic approach to these conditions. This work evaluates the potential for a link between osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity. Presents diagnostic and therapeutic tips that facilitate the design and implementation of new care pathways, impacting the wellbeing of our older population Provides cross-disciplinary understanding by experts from the bone/osteoporosis field and the muscle/sarcopenia field Covers muscle and bone biology, mesenchymal stem cells, age-related changes and cross-talk between muscle, fat and bone, falls and fracture risk, glucose metabolism, diagnosis, imaging, and genetics of osteosarcopenia