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Effects Of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids On Liver Plasma Membranes Of Rainbow Trout Salmo Gairdneri
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Book Synopsis Effects of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Liver Plasma Membranes of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) by : Donald Robert Marino
Download or read book Effects of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Liver Plasma Membranes of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) written by Donald Robert Marino and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA), which are a group of fatty acids produced by plants of the order Malvales, are known to induce adverse physiological effects when administered to a variety of animal species. A structurally strained cyclopropene ring is present in all CPFA and is believed responsible for the toxic action of these fatty acids. Dietary consumption of CPFA by mammals, poultry and fish has resulted in toxic responses including hepatic damage, impaired reproductive capabilities and sizeable alterations in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, CPFA have been identified as mildly carcinogenic and strongly cocarcinogenic towards rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). The mechanism by which CPFA enhance carcinogenesis is currently not understood. The research in this thesis has therefore been directed toward obtaining a better understanding as to how CPFA induce toxic responses in rainbow trout. Hepatic plasma membranes were isolated from both control trout and trout which had consumed dietary CPFA. The plasma membranes were then compared via the use of electron microscopy, chromatographic analysis of phospholipid and fatty acid content, two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins, and Western blot analysis of concanavalin A sensitive glycoproteins. Electron micrographs revealed that control plasma membranes appeared more homogeneous than CPFA membranes and were characterized by more membrane sheets and less vesicularization. The analysis of enzyme activities revealed that CPFA caused a decrease in whole liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity and that control plasma membranes expressed slightly higher glucose-6-phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase activities as compared to CPFA membranes. Although dietary CPFA appeared to have no effect on the phospholipid content of the plasma membranes, significant alterations in the fatty acid profiles of ethanolamine and choline phospholipids were observed. CPFA caused a decrease in palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acids while the level of stearic and docosahexaenoic acids subsequently increased. Differences between the protein content of control and CPFA plasma membranes were made clear through the analysis of electrophoretic and Western blotting data. Membranes isolated from fish fed CPFA contained several proteins of high molecular weight (above 66,000 daltons) and other proteins of high isoelectric point that were not present in control plasma membranes. Additionally, two families of glycoproteins which had previously been identified as microsomal in origin were detected only in CPFA plasma membranes. A discussion concerning the possible causes and biological ramifications of the observed subcellular alterations caused by CPFA insult is also presented in this thesis.
Book Synopsis Effect of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Membrane Components of Liver of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) by : Mark A. Einerson
Download or read book Effect of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Membrane Components of Liver of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) written by Mark A. Einerson and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three studies were conducted to determine the effects of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) on the membrane components of livers of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). In the first study, 14C-sterculic acid was administered by intraperitoneal injection into rainbow trout and the trout maintained for 72 hours. The labelled sterculic acid was found in choline phospholipids (CP) and ethanolamine phospholipids (EP). Smaller amounts of label were found in other microsomal membrane lipid components. No label was found associated with the proteins of the microsomal membrane. Phospholipase A2 treatment of isolated CP and EP showed 14C-sterculic acid to be preferentially esterified to the 1-position of the glycerol backbone. In the second study, the cleavable bifunctional protein crosslinking reagent dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate-2HCl (DTBP) was used in an attempt to study alterations in the spatial arrangement of proteins in liver microsomal and plasma membranes that might be induced by dietary CPFA. The use of this reagent failed to yield a clear picture of protein-protein interactions in the microsomal membrane due to the formation of high molecular weight aggregates that were not resolvable on polyacrylamide gels. On the other hand, the use of DTBP failed to crosslink the proteins of the plasma membrane. In the third study, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to assess the effects of dietary CPFA on protein composition of trout liver microsomal and plasma membranes. Proteins were separated in the first dimension on the basis of their isoelectric points and in the second dimension on the basis of their molecular weights. No major alterations in the composition of liver microsomal or plasma membranes were found to be induced by dietary CPFA.
Book Synopsis Dietary Fish Oil by : María Elena Zúñiga Saldierna
Download or read book Dietary Fish Oil written by María Elena Zúñiga Saldierna and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids by : Michael Thomas Morrissey
Download or read book Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids written by Michael Thomas Morrissey and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies were conducted to determine the effects of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) on the microsomal membrane of livers of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Slab and tube gel electrophoresis of microsomes from trout fed a CPFA diet (CPFA-microsomes) for varying time periods showed a decrease in the number of protein bands resolved in the high molecular weight region. This disappearance of high molecular weight proteins was not due to increased proteolysis in the CPFA-microsomes. Antibodies against whole microsomal protein from livers of trout fed 300 ppm CPFA were produced in rabbits. Microsomal proteins were first separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), transferred to nitrocellulose sheets (NC) and analyzed by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunochemical staining procedure. Immunoabsorption of antisera directed against CPFA-microsomes by control-microsomes did not reveal any new proteins induced by the CPFA diets. However, the intensity of PAP staining was much greater in CPFA microsomes after immunoabsorption. Hydrolysis of phospholipids in the microsomal membrane by phospholipase A2 failed to reveal any differences between control and CPFA fed trout. Proteolysis of microsomal membrane proteins had similar effects on NADPH cytochrome reductase and cytochrome P-450 activity on fish fed the different diets. PAGE analysis of these digests did show some differences in digested proteins between the control and CPFA group. These results may reflect a possible change in orientation of microsomal membrane proteins brought about by CPFA in the diet. Additional evidence for altered orientation of proteins was found with PAGE analysis of trypsin-digested microsomes. Moreover incubation of trypsin-digested microsomes with antisera and stained with PAP showed that proteolytic attack was different between control and CPFA microsomes. A final study with incubation of transferred proteins from control and CPFA-microsomes with antisera directed against purified cytochrome P-450 (P-450) and cytocrome P-448 (P-448) showed that CPFA had an effect on the concentration of P-448 but not P-450.
Book Synopsis Some Effects of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Lipid Metabolism in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdnerii) by : Caroll Marie Combs
Download or read book Some Effects of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Lipid Metabolism in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdnerii) written by Caroll Marie Combs and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diets containing cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) were fed to rainbow trout. At a level of 223 ppm (from Sterculia foetida oil), these CPFA in six weeks reduced weight gain by as much as 50 percent over the control fish on the same diet without CPFA. Compounds containing the intact cyclopropene ring were recovered from the tissue lipids of the trout at approximately two-thirds of the level fed. These acids seemed to concentrate in the egg lipids of the adult female fish. At 223 and 2233 ppm (from S. foetida oil) and 50 ppm (from food grade cottonseed flour) the CPFA were demonstrated to alter lipid metabolism. In general, the CPFA fed fish had higher stearic and palmitic acid levels and lower oleic and palmitoleic acid levels in their tissue lipids than did the controls. On diets containing corn oil or corn oil plus salmon oil, fish fed CPFA tended to deposit more long chain unsaturated fatty acids than did their controls. When provided with tristearin as the sole dietary lipid, the CPFA fed fish reduced the level of unsaturation of their tissue lipids.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sport Fishery Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Induction of Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes in Rainbow Trout by Dietary Aroclor 1254 and the Effect of Cyclopropene Fatty Acids by : Sherri Denise Voss
Download or read book Induction of Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes in Rainbow Trout by Dietary Aroclor 1254 and the Effect of Cyclopropene Fatty Acids written by Sherri Denise Voss and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A dietary level of Aroclor 1254 (100 ppm) was fed to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) for 15 weeks to determine the effects on hepatic microsomal enzyme induction. Fish were also fed combined polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) (100 ppm) and cyclopropene fatty acids (CPFA) (50 ppm) to determine the effects on mixed function oxidase (MFO) induction. Dietary PCBs markedly induced the microsomal activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, 7-ethoxy-coumarin O-deethylase, and benzo(a)-pyrene monooxygenase. Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity continued to increase to a level 77-fold higher than control at week 15. Ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and benzo(a)-pyrene monooxygenase activities increased to 7.1-fold and 48-fold over control at week 9 and then slightly decreased to 6.8-fold and 45-fold over control at week 15, respectively. Cytochrome P450 values remained approximately 2-fold above controls from week 5 through week 15. At weeks 1 and 3, cytochrome P450 levels were not significantly different from control. Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, and benzo(a)pyrene monooxygenase activities in the combined PCB and CPFA-fed trout were significantly higher than in controls and CPFA-fed fish, and significantly lower than in PCB-fed fish. There was no significant difference in cytochrome P450 levels after week 5. This is the first time dietary PCBs have been shown to induce the MFC system in PCB-fed rainbow trout.
Book Synopsis Influence of Dietary Fat on the Fatty Acid Pattern of Muscle and Liver Lipids in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) by : O. R. Braekkan
Download or read book Influence of Dietary Fat on the Fatty Acid Pattern of Muscle and Liver Lipids in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) written by O. R. Braekkan and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hepatic Carcinogenesis of Aflatoxin M in Rainbow Trout (salmo Gairdneri) and Its Enhancement by Cyclopropene Fatty Acids by :
Download or read book Hepatic Carcinogenesis of Aflatoxin M in Rainbow Trout (salmo Gairdneri) and Its Enhancement by Cyclopropene Fatty Acids written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biochemistry and Cell Biology written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxicity Bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids on Tissue Lipid Composition in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) by : Diana H. Greene
Download or read book The Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids on Tissue Lipid Composition in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) written by Diana H. Greene and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of different dietary lipids on the growth, nutrition and tissue lipid profiles of rainbow trout raised to market size on a commercially available ration were examined. Rainbow trout of 80 g mean initial weight were fed pellets prepared according to Oregon Moist Pellet specifications for 20 weeks. Salmon oil (0MP-1), soybean oil (OMP-2), linseed oil (OMP-3), chicken fat (OMP-4), pork lard (OMP-5) and beef tallow (OMP-6) were used for the 6% lipid component of the diets. No differences in feed conversion or growth rate were observed across diet groups. Trout nutrition was monitored by three blood parameters -- red blood cell (RBC) fragility (hemolysis), packed cell volume (PCV) (hematocrit), and percent hemoglobin. The OMP-1 diet appeared to have caused oxidative stress in trout as measured by hemolysis, while hematocrit and percent hemoglobin values were uniform across diet groups. Tissue levels of total n-3 fatty acids were highest in the OMP-3 group and decreased in the order OMP-1> OMP-2 = OMP-4 = OMP-5 = OMP-6. However, unaltered linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) comprised almost 50% of the n-3 fatty acid content of OMP-3 trout tissue lipid. The level of total 20:5 n-3 plus 22:6 n-3 (18%), was 33% higher in tissue from OMP-1 trout than tissue from all other diet groups which held fairly constant at 12% across OMP groups 3-6. The lowest tissue level of total 20:5 n-3 plus 22:6 n-3 was found in the OMP-2 trout, 10%. Trout raised on the OMP-1 diet also retained higher tissue stores of 20 and 22 carbon monoenes than trout fed OMP diets 2-6, but less than dietary levels. In contrast, trout fed OMP diets 2-6 retained higher tissue levels of these same fatty acids than dietary levels. The diet ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)/22:1 appeared to influence whether 22:1 was conserved or oxidized. The most favorable balance of trout tissue monoenes, n-6 fatty acids and total 20:5 n-3 plus 22:6 n-6 for human health was found in trout fed the OMP-6 diet.
Download or read book Fatty Acids written by Moghis U. Ahmad and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-07-21 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fatty Acids: Chemistry, Synthesis and Applications is a comprehensive source of information about a wide range of industrially important fatty acids. This practical resource provides key insights into the chemistry, synthesis, industrial applications, derivatives, and analysis of fatty acids, and the chemical modifications that transform them for use in products from biodiesel fuels to pharmaceuticals. Written by a team of industry experts, Fatty Acids includes detailed descriptions of fatty acid crystallization, enzymatic synthesis, and microbial production. This book focuses heavily on the chemistry of trans fatty acids, with extensive explanations of their synthesis and measurement. Further, the book addresses advances in the analytical methodology, including mass spectrometry, of fatty acids as well as their derivatives. This book serves as a reference manual to a new generation of lipid scientists and researchers; a useful resource for oleochemical industries; and a valuable teaching aid for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in fields related to the chemistry of oils, fats, and food. Includes recent developments in the synthesis of fatty acid derivatives, as renewable raw materials for the chemical industry Presents efficient synthetic methods for the dietary trans fatty acids in multi-gram scale allowing scientists and researchers to study dietary effects of individual trans fatty acids on human health Addresses uses of fats and fatty acids in foods and nutrition Identifies the roles of fatty acids and derivatives in cosmetic technology
Download or read book Cerebrovascular Bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 1352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Federation Proceedings by : Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
Download or read book Federation Proceedings written by Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1942- include proceedings of the American Physiological Society.
