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Effects Of Covid 19 Restrictions On Mechanization Service Providers And Mechanization Equipment Retailers
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Book Synopsis Effects of COVID-19 restrictions on mechanization service providers and mechanization Equipment retailers: Insights from phone surveys in Myanmar by : Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Download or read book Effects of COVID-19 restrictions on mechanization service providers and mechanization Equipment retailers: Insights from phone surveys in Myanmar written by Takeshima, Hiroyuki and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-05-17 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COVID-19 continues to plague global food security not only directly through health effects but also indirectly through responses that restrict key economic functions of the agri-food sector. De-spite the growing literature on the effects of COVID-19 on the agri-food sector, evidence on cer-tain players like mechanization service providers (MSP) and mechanization equipment retailers (MER) remain scarce. This study provides insights into the effects of COVID-19 restrictions on MSP and MER in Myanmar, where the majority of MSP and MER are relatively new and poten-tially vulnerable to these economic shocks, using an unbalanced panel data from five rounds of phone surveys. We find that direct responses to COVID-19 involving movement restrictions, as well as disruptions in the market that led to increased cost and reduced availability of machinery and equipment, and growing financial challenges, had significantly negative effects on revenue prospects, service delivery, sales of machines and equipment by MSE and MER. Our analyses based on rare multi-round surveys during a single production season also reveal important dy-namics in MSP’s decision-making; negative revenue prospects at particular period can further hurt revenue prospects in subsequent periods, which is consistent with the hypotheses that agents like MSP who had incurred significant sunk-cost in machines can engage in more desperate and thus potentially suboptimal business practice to recover the sunk-cost. This may result in a vi-cious cycle of declining revenues in the future in the face of shocks like COVID-19. Overall, evi-dence suggests that, policies to minimize movement restrictions, various financial support, and mitigate any pessimism at the beginning of production season are all important to make sure MSP and MER continue to function effectively during the COVID-19 pandemic that persists in 2021.
Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :38 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Agricultural mechanization services, rice productivity, and farm/plot size: Insights from Myanmar by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Agricultural mechanization services, rice productivity, and farm/plot size: Insights from Myanmar written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-07-27 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between productivity and farm size has been at the center of considerable debate. Agricultural mechanization – that is rapidly taking off in a large number of low- and middle-income countries – has been identified as one of the emerging technologies in these settings with a critical, yet complex, influence on this productivity-size relation. However, knowledge gaps remain as how agricultural transformation due to the adoption of new technologies and the change in factor costs, such as mechanization fees, are associated with this productivity - size relation. In the case of Myanmar, where mechanization use has dramatically increased over the last decade, we find a significant inverse productivity - plot size relationship, with small rice plots having productivity levels approximately 30 percent higher than large plots. However, rising mechanization fees – more so in conflict-affected townships – attenuated this inverse relation between rice productivity (yield and profit per land) and plot size substantially. These results primarily hold on the largest rice plot cultivated by each farmer, but also generally hold when comparing total rice area and major non-rice area. Our results are likely explained by the fact that, in Myanmar, smallholders have become more dependent on mechanization services than larger farms (who can rely on their own machines) do, that alternatives to mechanization services have become scarce (as mechanization use changed little, despite these price increases), and that mechanization service costs account for a significant share of the total production costs among smallholders.
Book Synopsis Myanmar’s agrifood system: Historical development, recent shocks, future opportunities by : Boughton, Duncan
Download or read book Myanmar’s agrifood system: Historical development, recent shocks, future opportunities written by Boughton, Duncan and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2024-10-16 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Myanmar has endured multiple crises in recent years — including COVID-19, global price instability, the 2021 coup, and widespread conflict — that have disrupted and even reversed a decade of economic development. Household welfare has declined severely, with more than 3 million people displaced and many more affected by high food price inflation and worsening diets. Yet Myanmar’s agrifood production and exports have proved surprisingly resilient. Myanmar’s Agrifood System: Historical Development, Recent Shocks, Future Opportunities provides critical analyses and insights into the agrifood system’s evolution, current state, and future potential. This work fills an important knowledge gap for one of Southeast Asia’s major agricultural economies — one largely closed to empirical research for many years. It is the culmination of a decade of rigorous empirical research on Myanmar’s agrifood system, including through the recent crises. Written by IFPRI researchers and colleagues from Michigan State University, the book’s insights can serve as a to guide immediate humanitarian assistance and inform future growth strategies, once a sustainable resolution to the current crisis is found that ensures lasting peace and good governance.
Book Synopsis Conflict and agricultural productivity: Evidence from Myanmar by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity
Download or read book Conflict and agricultural productivity: Evidence from Myanmar written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-02-21 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence is scarce on how conflict affects technology adoption and consequent agricultural productivity in fragile states, an important topic given the high share of the extreme poor living in fragile environments globally. Our study contributes to filling this knowledge gap by using unique large-scale data on rice producers in Myanmar before and after a military coup in 2021, leading to a surge of conflicts in the country. We find that the increase in violent events significantly changed rice productivity. Specifically, increases in fatal violent events between 2020 and 2021 reduced rice Total Factor Productivity (TFP) – a measure of how efficiently agricultural inputs are used to produce rice – by about 4 percent on average in the short-run. Moreover, poorer farmers are more affected by conflict, as seen through an increased output elasticity to agricultural equipment owned, indicating reduced output resilience for less-capital owning, and therefore poorer, farmers. This seems partly due to reduced access to agricultural extension services, which would otherwise help farmers maintain productivity, even with limited capital ownership, through substitution with human capital and skills. Lower mechanization service fees partly mitigate these effects. Our results consistently hold for both short- and long-run production functions, across various specifications, and in Upper and Lower Myanmar. These findings suggest that containing and reducing violent events is critical in restoring rice productivity. Improved access to extension services, as well as to cheap mechanization service provision to mitigate lack of equipment ownership, could compensate for these losses and boost the productivity of farmers, especially for those with less production capital, in such fragile settings.
Book Synopsis Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 in Myanmar: Mechanization service providers - November 2020 survey round by : Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 in Myanmar: Mechanization service providers - November 2020 survey round written by Takeshima, Hiroyuki and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanization service providers (MSP) in Myanmar were originally surveyed by telephone over three rounds in May, June, and July 2020 to determine how their businesses were being affected by COVID-19 related restrictions. Most of the MSPs interviewed were engaged in providing farmers with tractor-related services. The results of those surveys were published in Myanmar Strategy Support Program Policy Notes 07, 12, and 17, respectively. To trace the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their economic activities, a fourth round of the survey of MSPs was done in early-November 2020, administered mostly to those engaged in harvesting activities. This note reports on the results of the fourth survey, as well as some trends seen between the earlier survey rounds and this last one.
Book Synopsis Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 in Myanmar: Mechanization service providers - December 2020 survey round by : Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 in Myanmar: Mechanization service providers - December 2020 survey round written by Takeshima, Hiroyuki and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-01-27 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanization service providers (MSP) in Myanmar were originally interviewed by telephone in May, June, July, and November 2020, covering mostly combine-harvester SPs (CHSP) and tractor SPs (TSP), to determine how their businesses were being affected by COVID-19 related restrictions. The results of those surveys were published in Myanmar Strategy Support Program Policy Notes 07, 12, 17, and 39, respectively. To trace the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their economic activities, a fifth phone survey of MSPs was done in mid-December 2020, administered mostly to SPs in harvesting activities. This Note reports on the results of the fifth survey, as well as on some trends from the earlier surveys.
Book Synopsis Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 in Myanmar: Agricultural equipment retailers - June 2020 survey round Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 in Myanmar: Agricultural equipment retailers - June 2020 survey round by : Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 in Myanmar: Agricultural equipment retailers - June 2020 survey round Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 in Myanmar: Agricultural equipment retailers - June 2020 survey round written by Takeshima, Hiroyuki and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-07-23 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural equipment retailers (ER) in Myanmar were originally interviewed by telephone in late May 2020 to determine how their businesses were being affected by COVID-19 related restrictions. The results of that survey were published in Myanmar Strategy Support Program Policy Note 09. To trace the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their economic activities, a second phone survey of ERs was done in late June 2020. This Policy Note reports on the results of this second survey.
Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :11 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Mechanization service providers – January 2022 survey round by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Mechanization service providers – January 2022 survey round written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2022-02-25 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A phone survey was conducted in January 2022 to understand the effects of COVID-19 and political instability on Myanmar’s mechanization service providers (MSPs), crucial to enabling smallholder farmers to undertake a range of power-intensive farm and post-harvest operations in a timely manner. This note reports on the results of this survey, the eighth in a series of phone surveys, as well as on trends from earlier surveys.
Book Synopsis Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 in Myanmar: Agricultural equipment retailers - May 2020 survey round by : Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 in Myanmar: Agricultural equipment retailers - May 2020 survey round written by Takeshima, Hiroyuki and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-06-16 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural equipment retailers (ERs) play an essential role in meeting the demand for a diverse set of machines and equipment at affordable prices that are needed for the heterogeneous agricultural production environments in Myanmar. ERs can be particularly sensitive to bottlenecks in trade flows and internal logistical disruptions that affect their inventory management. Given their close linkages with mechanization service providers, the financial and supply challenges that ERs face can have repercussions on the provision of mechanization services as well. The COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar and the policy responses to it have affected key aspects of the business operations of ERs. Measures to support equipment retailers and to ensure the access of buyers to their equipment and services should be guided by an understanding of the situation on the ground. This policy note uses qualitative findings from a rapid phone survey of ERs across Myanmar.
Book Synopsis Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 in Myanmar: Mechanization service providers - July 2020 survey round by : Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Download or read book Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 in Myanmar: Mechanization service providers - July 2020 survey round written by Takeshima, Hiroyuki and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanization service providers in Myanmar were originally interviewed by telephone in May 2020 and again in June 2020 to determine how their businesses were being affected by COVID-19 related restrictions. The results of those surveys were published in Myanmar Strategy Support Program Policy Notes 07 and 12, respectively. To trace the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their economic activities, a third phone survey of mechanization service providers was done in early-July 2020. This Note reports on the results of the third survey, as well as some trends since the first and the second surveys.
Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :10 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Mechanization service providers – July 2021 survey round by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Mechanization service providers – July 2021 survey round written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-09-17 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanization service providers (MSPs) in Myanmar were originally interviewed by telephone in summer 2020, fall 2020, and June 2021, covering mostly combine-harvester service providers (CHSPs) and tractor service providers (TSPs), to determine how their businesses were being affected by COVID-19 related restrictions and political instability. The results of those surveys were published in Myanmar Strategy Support Program Policy Notes 07, 12, 17, 39, 43 and 59 respectively. To trace the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the current political and social conditions on their economic activities, a seventh phone survey of MSPs was conducted in late July 2021. This note reports on the results of the seventh survey as well as on some trends from earlier surveys.
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9251308713 Total Pages :150 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (513 download)
Book Synopsis Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization: A Framework for Africa by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization: A Framework for Africa written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-03-13 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This framework presents ten interrelated principles/elements to guide Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization in Africa (SAMA). Further, it presents the technical issues to be considered under SAMA and the options to be analysed at the country and sub regional levels. The ten key elements required in a framework for SAMA are as follows: The analysis in the framework calls for a specific approach, involving learning from other parts of the world where significant transformation of the agricultural mechanization sector has already occurred within a three-to-four decade time frame, and developing policies and programmes to realize Africa’s aspirations of Zero Hunger by 2025. This approach entails the identification and prioritization of relevant and interrelated elements to help countries develop strategies and practical development plans that create synergies in line with their agricultural transformation plans. Given the unique characteristics of each country and the diverse needs of Africa due to the ecological heterogeneity and the wide range of farm sizes, the framework avoids being prescriptive.
Author :Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Publisher :Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN 13 : Total Pages :10 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Mechanization service providers - January 2023 survey round by : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Download or read book Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Mechanization service providers - January 2023 survey round written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-04-28 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A phone survey was conducted in January 2023 to understand the effects of COVID‑19 and political instability on Myanmar’s mechanization service providers (MSPs). MSPs are crucial to enabling smallholder farmers to undertake a range of power-intensive farm and post-harvest operations in a timely manner. This note reports on the results of this survey, the tenth in a series of phone surveys, and trends from earlier surveys.
Book Synopsis An evolving paradigm of agricultural mechanization development: How much can Africa learn from Asia? by : Diao, Xinshen, ed.
Download or read book An evolving paradigm of agricultural mechanization development: How much can Africa learn from Asia? written by Diao, Xinshen, ed. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural mechanization in Africa south of the Sahara — especially for small farms and businesses — requires a new paradigm to meet the needs of the continent’s evolving farming systems. Can Asia, with its recent success in adopting mechanization, offer a model for Africa? An Evolving Paradigm of Agricultural Mechanization Development analyzes the experiences of eight Asian and five African countries. The authors explore crucial government roles in boosting and supporting mechanization, from import policies to promotion policies to public good policies. Potential approaches presented to facilitating mechanization in Africa include prioritizing market-led hiring services, eliminating distortions, and developing appropriate technologies for the African context. The role of agricultural mechanization within overall agricultural and rural transformation strategies in Africa is also discussed. The book’s recommendations and insights should be useful to national policymakers and the development community, who can adapt this knowledge to local contexts and use it as a foundation for further research.
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9251344760 Total Pages :78 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (513 download)
Book Synopsis COVID-19: Rapid food security and agrifood sector country assessment for Jordan by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book COVID-19: Rapid food security and agrifood sector country assessment for Jordan written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-10-12 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governments worldwide are implementing an extensive range of prevention and mitigation measures to control the spread of COVID-19 and limit its health, economic and social consequences. COVID-19 policy actions could have significant negative impacts across the food system, mainly if the policies are uncoordinated and built on limited evidence. In Jordan, the COVID-19 pandemic is continuing to cause direct harm to health, livelihoods, to people living standard and overall national economies. This articulates the importance of formulating long, medium and short-term policies to deal with pandemic priorities and alleviate COVID-19 and increase development investments in the agriculture sector as one of the most critical sectors in such these conditions. This study determines the short-term impact of COVID-19 on agriculture and food supply and identifies the positive impact of government measures taken across the country of Jordan. This rapid assessment utilized primary data and existing data related to the agriculture-food systems sector to understand the impact of the COVID-19 crisis and produced recommendations and policy actions. The assessment's general objective is to identify the effects of COVID-19 on Agri-food systems actors and recommend policies to alleviate the negative impact. It explores the range of policies, strategies and actions, in the short- and medium/long-term in the broader agriculture/food systems sector. Recommendations and suggested policies (10 policies) are formed depending on the results of the field surveys (farmers, exporters and supply chain actors survey), the results of secondary data analysis, IMF targeted policies (9 pillars), Jordan COVID-19 and Food Security Rapid Assessment-Policy
Book Synopsis COVID-19 and global food security: Two years later by : McDermott, John
Download or read book COVID-19 and global food security: Two years later written by McDermott, John and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the health, economic, and social disruptions caused by this global crisis continue to evolve. The impacts of the pandemic are likely to endure for years to come, with poor, marginalized, and vulnerable groups the most affected. In COVID-19 & Global Food Security: Two Years Later, the editors bring together contributions from new IFPRI research, blogs, and the CGIAR COVID-19 Hub to examine the pandemic’s effects on poverty, food security, nutrition, and health around the world. This volume presents key lessons learned on food security and food system resilience in 2020 and 2021 and assesses the effectiveness of policy responses to the crisis. Looking forward, the authors consider how the pandemic experience can inform both recovery and longer-term efforts to build more resilient food systems.
Book Synopsis Asian Development Outlook 2020 by : Asian Development Bank
Download or read book Asian Development Outlook 2020 written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2020-04-01 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After a disappointing 2019, growth prospects in developing Asia have worsened under the impact of the current health crisis. Signs of incipient recovery near the turn of this year were quickly overthrown as COVID-19 broke out in January 2020 in the region’s largest economy and subsequently expanded into a global pandemic. Disruption to regional and global supply chains, trade, and tourism, and the continued spread of the outbreak, leave the region reeling under massive economic shocks and financial turmoil. Across Asia, the authorities are responding with policies to contain the outbreak, facilitate medical interventions, and support vulnerable businesses and households. Assuming that the outbreak is contained this year, growth is expected to recover in 2021. Especially to face down fundamental threats such as the current medical emergency, innovation is critical to growth and development. As some economies in developing Asia challenge the innovation frontier, many others lag. More and better innovation is needed in the region to sustain growth that is more inclusive and environmentally sustainable. Five key drivers of innovation are sound education, productive entrepreneurship, high-quality institutions, efficient financial systems, and dynamic cities that excite knowledge exchange. The journey to creating an innovative society takes long-term commitment and hard work.
