Effects of Climate Change on the Breeding Ecology and Trophic Interactions of Arctic-breeding Shorebirds

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Book Synopsis Effects of Climate Change on the Breeding Ecology and Trophic Interactions of Arctic-breeding Shorebirds by : Eunbi Kwon

Download or read book Effects of Climate Change on the Breeding Ecology and Trophic Interactions of Arctic-breeding Shorebirds written by Eunbi Kwon and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impacts of climate change on biological systems include shifts in seasonal phenology. How do migratory animals adjust reproductive decisions as they shift timing of breeding? I investigated patterns of climate change at a network of Arctic sites in Alaska and Canada, and examined the impacts of climate change on the breeding phenology, reproductive performance, and trophic interactions of Arctic-breeding shorebirds. First, I compared the breeding performance of three species, Western Sandpiper, Semipalmated Sandpiper, and Red-necked Phalaropes, at Nome, Alaska, across a 14-year interval. I found that shorebirds responded to a decreasing temperature during laying by delaying timing of breeding. Delayed breeding shortened the incubation duration for two biparental species but extended incubation for a uniparental species. Despite a short Arctic summer, the breeding windows of three sympatric species were temporally distinct. The three species often nested within several meters from each other, but bred under different temperature regimes and adjusted their reproductive output to different sets of environmental factors. Shifts in breeding phenology can disrupt trophic interactions, especially the phenological match between peak prey availability and hatching of shorebirds. Comparing the extent of phenological mismatch between six shorebirds and their invertebrate prey at ten Arctic sites, peak demand of shorebird broods occurred on average 3.8 days (± 13.8) later than local food peaks, and population demand curves overlapped with food curves by 47% (± 14%). Latitudinal and longitudinal gradients in the extent of trophic mismatch were mediated through geographic variation in the seasonal phenology of invertebrates and shorebirds. For individual nests, both more northerly and easterly sites showed greater phenological mismatch with annual food peaks. Delayed emergence of food peaks at more northerly and easterly sites alleviated the extent of phenological mismatch. My multi-site study provides the first evidence that large-scale geographic processes can determine the extent of phenological mismatch in a bitrophic system. Trends of climate change are sensitive to breeding stages and also vary along a longitudinal gradient. Variability in climatic trends in the Arctic, combined with species-dependent responses to local climate change, indicate that it will be challenging to predict the impacts of future climate change.

Effects of Climate Variation on the Breeding Ecology of Arctic Shorebirds

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Publisher : Museum Tusculanum Press
ISBN 13 : 9788763512794
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (127 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Climate Variation on the Breeding Ecology of Arctic Shorebirds by : Hans Meltofte

Download or read book Effects of Climate Variation on the Breeding Ecology of Arctic Shorebirds written by Hans Meltofte and published by Museum Tusculanum Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About 50 species of shorebirds breed in the Arctic, where they constitute the most characteristic component of the tundra avifauna. Here, we review the impact of weather and climate on the breeding cycle of shorebirds based on extensive studies conducted across the Arctic. Conditions for breeding shorebirds are highly variable among species, sites and regions, both within and between continents. Weather effects on breeding are most moderate in the Low Arctic of northern Europe and most extreme in the Siberian High Arctic. The decision of whether or not to breed upon arrival on the breeding grounds, the timing of egg-laying and the chick-growth period are most affected by annual variation in weather. In large parts of the Arctic, clutch initiation dates are highly correlated with snowmelt dates and in regions and years where extensive snowmelt occurs before or soon after the arrival of shorebirds, the decision to breed and on the breeding ecology of clutch initiation dates appear to be a function of food availability for laying females. Once incubation is initiated, adult shorebirds appear fairly resilient to variations in temperature with nest abandonment primarily occurring in case of severe weather with new snow covering the ground. Feeding conditions for chicks, a factor highly influenced by weather, affects juvenile production in most regions. Predation has a very strong impact on breeding productivity throughout the Arctic and subarctic, with lemming Dicrostonyx spp. and Lemmus spp. fluctuations strongly influencing predation rates, particularly in the Siberian Arctic. The fate of Arctic shorebirds under projected future climate scenarios is uncertain, but High Arctic species and populations appear particularly at risk. Climatic amelioration may benefit Arctic shorebirds in the short term by increasing both survival and productivity, whereas in the long term habitat changes both on the breeding grounds and on the temperate and tropical non-breeding areas may put them under considerable pressure and may bring some of them near to extinction. Their relatively low genetic diversity, which is thought to be a consequence of survival through past climatically-driven population bottlenecks, may also put them more at risk to anthropogenic-induced climate variation than other avian taxa.

Effects of Climate Variation on the Breeding Ecology of Arctic Shorebirds

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ISBN 13 : 9788763530576
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Climate Variation on the Breeding Ecology of Arctic Shorebirds by : Hans Meltofte

Download or read book Effects of Climate Variation on the Breeding Ecology of Arctic Shorebirds written by Hans Meltofte and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Effects of Climate Variation on the Breeding Ecology of Arctic Shorebirds

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788790369064
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (69 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Climate Variation on the Breeding Ecology of Arctic Shorebirds by :

Download or read book Effects of Climate Variation on the Breeding Ecology of Arctic Shorebirds written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Effects of Climate Change on Birds

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192557580
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Climate Change on Birds by : Peter O. Dunn

Download or read book Effects of Climate Change on Birds written by Peter O. Dunn and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-16 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change issues are attracting rapidly increasing interest from a wide range of biologists due to their unprecedented effects on global biodiversity, although there remains a lack of general knowledge as to the environmental consequences of such rapid change. Compared with any other class of animals, birds provide more long-term data and extensive time series, a more geographically and taxonomically diverse source of information, a richer source of data on a greater range of topics dealing with the effects of climate change, and a longer tradition of extensive research. The first edition of the book was widely cited and this new edition continues to provide an exhaustive and up-to-date synthesis of our rapidly expanding level of knowledge as it relates to birds, highlighting new methods and areas for future research.

Arctic Ecology

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118846540
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

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Book Synopsis Arctic Ecology by : David N. Thomas

Download or read book Arctic Ecology written by David N. Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-01-26 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic is often portrayed as being isolated, but the reality is that the connectivity with the rest of the planet is huge, be it through weather patterns, global ocean circulation, and large-scale migration patterns to name but a few. There is a huge amount of public interest in the ‘changing Arctic’, especially in terms of the rapid changes taking place in ecosystems and exploitation of resources. There can be no doubt that the Arctic is at the forefront of the international environmental science agenda, both from a scientific aspect, and also from a policy/environmental management perspective. This book aims to stimulate a wide audience to think about the Arctic by highlighting the remarkable breadth of what it means to study its ecology. Arctic Ecology seeks to systematically introduce the diverse array of ecologies within the Arctic region. As the Arctic rapidly changes, understanding the fundamental ecology underpinning the Arctic is paramount to understanding the consequences of what such change will inevitably bring about. Arctic Ecology is designed to provide graduate students of environmental science, ecology and climate change with a source where Arctic ecology is addressed specifically, with issues due to climate change clearly discussed. It will also be of use to policy-makers, researchers and international agencies who are focusing on ecological issues and effects of global climate change in the Arctic. About the Editor David N. Thomas is Professor of Arctic Ecosystem Research in the Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki. Previously he spent 24 years in the School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Wales. He studies marine systems, with a particular emphasis on sea ice and land-coast interactions in the Arctic and Southern Oceans as well as the Baltic Sea. He also edited a related book: Sea Ice, 3rd Edition (2017), which is also published by Wiley-Blackwell.

The Impact of Weather on the Behavior and Ecology of Birds

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Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889718697
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact of Weather on the Behavior and Ecology of Birds by : Stuart Peter Sharp

Download or read book The Impact of Weather on the Behavior and Ecology of Birds written by Stuart Peter Sharp and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-12-29 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Nest Site Selection in Arctic-breeding Shorebirds

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Nest Site Selection in Arctic-breeding Shorebirds by : Jenny A. Cunningham

Download or read book Nest Site Selection in Arctic-breeding Shorebirds written by Jenny A. Cunningham and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Birds select nest sites based on factors that maximize their own survival and reproductive success. These factors include a location and structure that offers safety from predators, a favorable nest microclimate, proximity to food resources for adults and young, and social organizations with other birds. Furthermore, individual birds can learn from experience and modify their nest site selection criteria over their lifetimes. We investigated how these factors influenced nest site selection in six shorebird species that breed on the Arctic tundra around Barrow, Alaska. First, we developed predictive models to examine nest site selection patterns as they relate to the above habitat and social factors for each species. In a second analysis, we investigated the causes of breeding dispersal by a shorebird species, the Dunlin (Calidris alpina), and related hatching success to mate and site fidelity. Results indicated that shorebird nest site selection is not random, and all species studied select nest sites on the basis of both habitat and social cues. We also found that divorce influences breeding dispersal in female Dunlin, and territory-faithful males experience greater hatching success than those that change territories. We provide habitat models that may be used to predict the probability of nest site selection in other locations of the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska, and offer insights of how shorebirds may be affected by climate change.

The Population Ecology and Conservation of Charadrius Plovers

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498755836
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis The Population Ecology and Conservation of Charadrius Plovers by : Mark A. Colwell

Download or read book The Population Ecology and Conservation of Charadrius Plovers written by Mark A. Colwell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-04-26 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 40 or so species of beach-loving plovers (genus Charadrius) comprise a diverse group of shorebirds found around the world. Most of these species are challenged by changing climates and other human-related development activities, yet they provide key insights into basic ecological and evolutionary processes. The expert international contributors take a comparative approach, presenting examples from many worldwide plover studies and synthesizing the group’s most pressing and important topics. The book further presents an emphasis on full life-cycle biology, including the importance of examining migratory connectivity issues, even for non-migratory plovers. Color pages were planned and approved for some pages in this volume, but due to a printing error some copies have incorrectly been released with these pages printed in black and white. Replacement copies with the correct color in place can be obtained upon request by contacting [email protected]. CRC Press extends apologies to any customers affected by this error and for the inconvenience caused. Key Features Serves as a fundamental resource for conservation practitioners Detailed overview of a widely distributed group of shorebirds Authored by renowned specialists who present theoretical and applied perspectives Emphasis on comparative and synthetic approach in all chapters Related Titles McComb, B. et al. Monitoring Animal Populations and Their Habitats: A Practitioner’s Guide (ISBN 978-0-4291-3827-0). Garvey, J. E. & M. R. Whiles. Trophic Ecology (ISBN 978-1-4987-5846-8). Dewdney, A. K. Stochastic Communities: A Mathematical Theory of Biodiversity (ISBN 978-1-1381-9702-2).

Shorebird Ecology, Conservation, and Management

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Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520947967
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Shorebird Ecology, Conservation, and Management by : Dr. Mark A. Colwell

Download or read book Shorebird Ecology, Conservation, and Management written by Dr. Mark A. Colwell and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2010-11-16 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shorebirds are model organisms for illustrating the principles of ecology and excellent subjects for research. Their mating systems are as diverse as any avian group, their migrations push the limits of endurance, and their foraging is easily studied in the open habitats of estuaries and freshwater wetlands. This comprehensive text explores the ecology, conservation, and management of these fascinating birds. Beginning chapters examine phylogenetic relationships between shorebirds and other birds, and cover shorebird morphology, anatomy, and physiology. A section on breeding biology looks in detail at their reproductive biology. Because shorebirds spend much of their time away from breeding areas, a substantial section on non-breeding biology covers migration, foraging ecology, and social behavior. The text also covers shorebird demography, population size, and management issues related to habitat, predators, and human disturbances. Throughout, it emphasizes applying scientific knowledge to the conservation of shorebird populations, many of which are unfortunately in decline.

Water Birds on the Edge

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781899628162
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Water Birds on the Edge by : Christoph Zöckler

Download or read book Water Birds on the Edge written by Christoph Zöckler and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Postbreeding Ecology of Shorebirds on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (732 download)

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Book Synopsis Postbreeding Ecology of Shorebirds on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska by : Audrey Rebecca Taylor

Download or read book Postbreeding Ecology of Shorebirds on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska written by Audrey Rebecca Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous research on the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of Alaska has shown that postbreeding shorebirds congregate at coastal sites prior to fall migration. Relatively little has been done to compare distribution, community characteristics, or behavior broadly across the ACP landscape, but this information is necessary to set the context for interpreting population demographics and setting conservation priorities. I collected data on distribution, species composition, phenology, and habitat use of postbreeding shorebirds in 2005-2007. I found that distribution of shorebirds across the ACP was not uniform: I identified persistent "hotspots" at Peard Bay, Pt. Barrow/Elson Lagoon, Cape Simpson, Smith Bay to Cape Halkett, and at the Sagavanirktok and Kongakut Deltas. Staging phenology varied by species and location, and differed than that reported in previous studies for several species. Three foraging habitat guilds existed with birds favoring gravel beach, mudflat, or salt marsh/pond edge habitats. Using VHF telemetry, I examined how shorebirds moved from tundra breeding sites to and between coastal postbreeding sites. I found that most species exhibited a variable direction of movement compared to their ultimate migration direction; this may be related to each species' overall length of stay on the ACP. I also found species-specific patterns of movements and residence time that were indicative of differing life history strategies. Lastly, I examined the use of physiological tools (triglyceride and corticosterone levels) to assess function and quality of foraging sites for postbreeding shorebirds, taking into account varying molt strategies. I determined that molt strategies affected physiological profiles and physiologic metrics varied through space and time. However, my hypotheses for variation in physiological patterns for shorebirds employing different molt strategies and using sites of varying quality were not completely upheld. I suggest that assessments of site quality for postbreeding shorebirds should consider species-specific life history strategies, and use multiple species and physiological metrics as indicators. Given suspected declines in North American shorebird populations, and accelerated rates of environmental change in northern Alaska, this contextual information regarding postbreeding distribution, population characteristics, behavior, and physiology may help interpret changes in shorebird populations or behavior and establish strategies to protect important habitat.

Wildlife Conservation in a Changing Climate

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226074625
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Wildlife Conservation in a Changing Climate by : Jedediah F. Brodie

Download or read book Wildlife Conservation in a Changing Climate written by Jedediah F. Brodie and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together leaders in the fields of climate change ecology, wildlife population dynamics, and environmental policy, this title examines the impacts of climate change on populations of terrestrial vertebrates. It also includes chapters that assess the details of climate change ecology.

Climate Change Impacts on Freshwater Ecosystems

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444391275
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change Impacts on Freshwater Ecosystems by : Martin Kernan

Download or read book Climate Change Impacts on Freshwater Ecosystems written by Martin Kernan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-02-14 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text examines the impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems, past, present and future. It especially considers the interactions between climate change and other drivers of change including hydromorphological modification, nutrient loading, acid deposition and contamination by toxic substances using evidence from palaeolimnology, time-series analysis, space-for-time substitution, laboratory and field experiments and process modelling. The book evaluates these processes in relation to extreme events, seasonal changes in ecosystems, trends over decadal-scale time periods, mitigation strategies and ecosystem recovery. The book is also concerned with how aspects of hydrophysical, hydrochemical and ecological change can be used as early indicators of climate change in aquatic ecosystems and it addresses the implications of future climate change for freshwater ecosystem management at the catchment scale. This is an ideal book for the scientific research community, but is also accessible to Masters and senior undergraduate students.

The Links Between Global Climatic Cycles and the Diversification and Migration of Arctic Shorebirds

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis The Links Between Global Climatic Cycles and the Diversification and Migration of Arctic Shorebirds by : Ángel Arcones Segovia

Download or read book The Links Between Global Climatic Cycles and the Diversification and Migration of Arctic Shorebirds written by Ángel Arcones Segovia and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this thesis we studied how the changes in the climate determine the distribution, diversity and conservation of a very representative group of the Arctic avifauna, the shorebirds. In the first chapter we explored the changes in the ranges of the Arctic shorebirds during the Pleistocene glacial cycles, and how that shaped the current diversity of subspecies. We combined species distribution models, fossil evidence and estimation on the distribution of the tundra to compare the distribution of the breeding and wintering ranges between the present (representing an interglacial period) and the last glacial maximum (LGM) ca. 21,000 years ago. We found that the species with described subspecies predominantly experienced fragmentation of their breeding ranges during glacial cycles, especially during the glacial periods. On the other hand, most of the monotypic species maintained continuous breeding ranges during glacial and interglacial periods. This supports that the Pleistocene glacial cycles provided a mechanism for allopatric speciation that originated the current pattern of intraspecific diversity in these species. Additionally, we recovered that, despite changes in the breeding ranges, there was an overall lack of overlap with the wintering ranges and the long-distance migration between them remain uninterrupted during glacial periods. This migration likely contributed to originate and maintain the diversity between populations over multiple glacial cycles.While the first chapter provided a spatial mechanism of diversification during the glacial cycles, this needs to be confirmed by genetic data to support that the timing of this diversification falls within the Pleistocene. To better estimate divergence time within species, we performed the most comprehensive calibration of the mitochondrial molecular clock in birds to date. We included full mitochondrial genomes from 621 bird species and 25 reliable fossil calibrations and estimated the substitution rates for each of the mitochondrial genes in every lineage of the phylogenetic tree. We applied the obtained rates to molecular clock and coalescent hypothesis testing techniques in multiple Arctic shorebird species. We found that overall the diversity within the species originated during the Pleistocene, and especially during the last 900,000 years, coinciding with a period of longer and more intense glacial periods. Species with similar patterns of past and present distribution showed parallelism in their patterns of genetic diversification.Since the climate has played such a key role in the origin of the current diversity of these species, in the third chapter we explored the potential effects of the current climate change in their future distribution and conservation. We performed species distribution models to forecast their breeding ranges over three different climate change scenarios over the current century. The results show that the species' ranges will displace northwards due to the warming climate, and many species will experience severe range reduction as they are already at the northernmost part of the continents. This is especially critical in the Palearctic, while in the Nearctic the Arctic Archipelago could provide shelter for the species to expand their breeding ranges. We also estimated the potential changes in the extent of the Arctic and its ecosystems since the last interglacial and until the end of the century. Our results indicate that although the species have previously experienced extreme changes in the Arctic conditions, the current rate of change greatly exceeds those from recent events. This could lead to even more drastic range reductions and population declines than predicted and threaten all the diversity that originated during the Pleistocene.As a whole, this thesis provides an integrative perspective on the effects of the climate origin and conservation of the diversity within Arctic species. This work sheds light on the detailed spatial and temporal mechanisms that promoted the current diversity across a large group of Arctic birds, and the implications that the current climate change will have in the persistence of the Arctic biodiversity." -- TDX.

Shorebirds

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781468446920
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (469 download)

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Book Synopsis Shorebirds by : J. Burger

Download or read book Shorebirds written by J. Burger and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Effects of Climate Change on the Breeding Biology of North American Birds

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (533 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Climate Change on the Breeding Biology of North American Birds by : Vanessa M. Torti

Download or read book Effects of Climate Change on the Breeding Biology of North American Birds written by Vanessa M. Torti and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: