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Effects Of Blood Pressure On Neurocognitive Functions
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Book Synopsis Effects of Blood Pressure on Neurocognitive Functions by : Po-Wing Ma
Download or read book Effects of Blood Pressure on Neurocognitive Functions written by Po-Wing Ma and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Effects of Blood Pressure on Neurocognitive Functions" by Po-wing, Ma, 馬寶詠, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Prior clinical studies have documented that high blood pressure is one of the prominent risk factors leading to cerebrovascular disease and subsequent cognitive impairment. The present study aims to examine the relationship between blood pressure and brain and cognitive function in a community sample. This study recruited 41 elderly persons aged 60-70. Multiple imaging modalities were adopted to assess white matter microstructure, regional brain volume, and resting-state neural activity while a set of neuropsychological tests was used to assess cognitive function. With blood pressure measured at clinical interview, correlation and regression analyses were performed. Results showed reduced white matter integrity with increased systolic blood pressure in the splenium of the corpus callosum and inferior longitudinal fasciculus in the absence of change in brain volume or neural activity. Also, increased systolic blood pressure was found to be correlated with poorer cognitive performance in information processing speed. The results held significant after controlling age, sex, and education. These observations of the subclinical sample suggest that high blood pressure relates to subtle changes in the brain and cognitive deficits. Blood pressure control, as a relatively modifiable factor, should be taken seriously in community-dwelling elderly. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5435587 Subjects: Blood pressure Clinical neuropsychology
Book Synopsis Effects of Blood Pressure on Neurocognitive Functions by : 馬寶詠
Download or read book Effects of Blood Pressure on Neurocognitive Functions written by 馬寶詠 and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Aging Mind by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Aging Mind written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-04-18 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Possible new breakthroughs in understanding the aging mind that can be used to benefit older people are now emerging from research. This volume identifies the key scientific advances and the opportunities they bring. For example, science has learned that among older adults who do not suffer from Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, cognitive decline may depend less on loss of brain cells than on changes in the health of neurons and neural networks. Research on the processes that maintain neural health shows promise of revealing new ways to promote cognitive functioning in older people. Research is also showing how cognitive functioning depends on the conjunction of biology and culture. The ways older people adapt to changes in their nervous systems, and perhaps the changes themselves, are shaped by past life experiences, present living situations, changing motives, cultural expectations, and emerging technology, as well as by their physical health status and sensory-motor capabilities. Improved understanding of how physical and contextual factors interact can help explain why some cognitive functions are impaired in aging while others are spared and why cognitive capability is impaired in some older adults and spared in others. On the basis of these exciting findings, the report makes specific recommends that the U.S. government support three major new initiatives as the next steps for research.
Book Synopsis Cerebral Small Vessel Disease by : Leonardo Pantoni
Download or read book Cerebral Small Vessel Disease written by Leonardo Pantoni and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-05 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date discussion of the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this common cause of stroke and cognitive impairment.
Book Synopsis The Cerebral Circulation by : Marilyn J. Cipolla
Download or read book The Cerebral Circulation written by Marilyn J. Cipolla and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Book Synopsis Evidence for Heterogeneity in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) by : Lisa Marie Delano-Wood
Download or read book Evidence for Heterogeneity in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) written by Lisa Marie Delano-Wood and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Neuropathology of Dementia by : Margaret M. Esiri
Download or read book The Neuropathology of Dementia written by Margaret M. Esiri and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-07-22 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely rewritten and updated, this new edition is almost twice the size of its predecessor. Illustrated in colour throughout, and with contributions from the world's leading authorities, it is the definitive reference on the neuropathology of dementia. It gives practical guidance to pathologists, describes the contribution of neuroimaging to diagnosis, and surveys the clinical features of dementia. New material includes: Three entirely new chapters on neuroimaging, molecular diagnostics, and transgenic models. Two chapters on tauopathies under new authorship. A chapter under new authorship on synucleinopathies, which includes multiple system atrophy.
Book Synopsis Hypertension and Brain Damage by : Antonio Coca
Download or read book Hypertension and Brain Damage written by Antonio Coca and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-10-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this book explores different aspects of the relationship between hypertension and brain damage, providing readers with up-to-date information that will be of interest to clinicians and researchers alike. In recent years, numerous studies have been published that have added new evidence on different aspects of the disease. New recommendations and the latest hypertension guidelines on stroke and dementia will be described in this edition, which will include not only updated content but also new chapters on aspects that have recently emerged in relation to hypertension and brain damage. After an introductory chapter on the epidemiology and burden of neurological disease induced by hypertension, the significance of various comorbidities that represent risk factors for brain damage in the context of hypertension is discussed. The effects of hypertension on small and large cerebral arteries and the consequences on brain damage are then examined in detail. Similarly, the association between hypertension and ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack and haemorrhagic stroke is explored in depth, and the evidence and guidelines for reducing hypertension during the acute phase of each form of stroke are summarised. Both primary and secondary prevention of stroke are addressed, with the results of major studies presented. The reader will also find interesting new perspectives on the role of different imaging techniques, including CT and functional MRI, in detecting and diagnosing brain damage in patients with hypertension. The concluding chapters examine the relationship between hypertension and cognitive decline and dementia associated with hypertension, its pathophysiology, the detection of cognitive impairment in daily practice, and its prevention and treatment.
Book Synopsis Hypertension and Brain Damage by : Antonio Coca
Download or read book Hypertension and Brain Damage written by Antonio Coca and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Food Components to Enhance Performance by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Food Components to Enhance Performance written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The physiological or psychological stresses that employees bring to their workplace affect not only their own performance but that of their co-workers and others. These stresses are often compounded by those of the job itself. Medical personnel, firefighters, police, and military personnel in combat settingsâ€"among othersâ€"experience highly unpredictable timing and types of stressors. This book reviews and comments on the performance-enhancing potential of specific food components. It reflects the views of military and non-military scientists from such fields as neuroscience, nutrition, physiology, various medical specialties, and performance psychology on the most up-to-date research available on physical and mental performance enhancement in stressful conditions. Although placed within the context of military tasks, the volume will have wide-reaching implications for individuals in any job setting.
Book Synopsis Neurorehabilitation Therapy and Therapeutics by : Krishnan Padmakumari Sivaraman Nair
Download or read book Neurorehabilitation Therapy and Therapeutics written by Krishnan Padmakumari Sivaraman Nair and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical handbook for clinicians covers pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options in neurological rehabilitation.
Book Synopsis Effects of Hypertension on Cognitive Function by : Lisa R. Grossman
Download or read book Effects of Hypertension on Cognitive Function written by Lisa R. Grossman and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Cognitive Brain Health by : Dearbhla M. Kelly
Download or read book The Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Cognitive Brain Health written by Dearbhla M. Kelly and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-08-31 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Blood Pressure on Brain Microstructure and Cognition in Healthy Older Adults by : Sarah Ann Cooley
Download or read book Effects of Blood Pressure on Brain Microstructure and Cognition in Healthy Older Adults written by Sarah Ann Cooley and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypertension represents one of the major modifiable health concerns in the U.S., with over one-third of adults classified as hypertensive, and another one-third meeting the classification for pre-hypertensive. Older adults are at the highest risk for hypertension. Although results have been mixed, a majority of the literature suggests that hypertension is associated with increased cognitive decline in older adults, particularly in frontally-mediated cognition such as executive functioning, processing speed, and attention. White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and altered white matter microstructure are two consequences of hypertension that are thought to mediate the relationship between hypertension and cognitive aging. The goals of this study were to examine the impact of hypertension on two major white matter tracts that connect posterior regions of the brain with the frontal lobe and WMHs, to identify whether baseline blood pressure, baseline white matter tract integrity and baseline WMH volume contribute to frontally-mediated cognitive performance at a baseline visit, and to examine the longitudinal changes in white matter integrity and cognition in individuals who were hypertensive at baseline compared to baseline normotensives. Sixty older adults with both baseline and 3-year follow-up cognitive and imaging data were analyzed. Results indicated no significant relationships between blood pressure and white matter integrity or cognition at baseline or longitudinally. However, results suggested significant relationships between lower white matter integrity and worse cognitive performance on tests of executive functioning and processing speed. Although blood pressure did not significantly contribute to brain aging in this sample of healthy older adults, future work might identify other possible factors that could influence the relationship between aging and cognitive decline.
Book Synopsis Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life by : National Research Council
Download or read book Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-16 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In their later years, Americans of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are not in equally good-or equally poor-health. There is wide variation, but on average older Whites are healthier than older Blacks and tend to outlive them. But Whites tend to be in poorer health than Hispanics and Asian Americans. This volume documents the differentials and considers possible explanations. Selection processes play a role: selective migration, for instance, or selective survival to advanced ages. Health differentials originate early in life, possibly even before birth, and are affected by events and experiences throughout the life course. Differences in socioeconomic status, risk behavior, social relations, and health care all play a role. Separate chapters consider the contribution of such factors and the biopsychosocial mechanisms that link them to health. This volume provides the empirical evidence for the research agenda provided in the separate report of the Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life.
Book Synopsis Effects of Hypertension and Age on Cerebrovasculature and Cognition in the Monkey by : Chad William Farris
Download or read book Effects of Hypertension and Age on Cerebrovasculature and Cognition in the Monkey written by Chad William Farris and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Cognitive impairments in memory and executive function are commonly observed with aging in humans. Age-related cognitive decline is exacerbated by hypertension, but it is less clear whether hypertension can lead to cognitive impairment in young adults. Rhesus monkeys evidence cognitive impairment with age that parallels that seen in humans and have been established as an appropriate animal model to examine the neurobiological basis of age-related cognitive decline. The development of a technique to produce chronic hypertension in the monkey has permitted the expansion of this model to evaluate the effects of hypertension in both young adult and aged monkeys. We used this model to examine whether hypertension alone is sufficient to cause impairment in learning and memory in the young adult.In order to gain a better understanding of the etiology of cognitive decline with hypertension or age, we then evaluated the integrity of cerebral microvasculature in hypertensive and in aged cognitively characterized rhesus monkeys using magnetic resonance imaging to measure cerebral blood volume (CBV) and image analysis on serial brain sections immunohistochemically stained for type IV collagen to quantify the microvasculature. Lastly, we utilized dynamic R2-star mapping to assess hippocampal vasoreactivity to carbon dioxide challenge from early adulthood to old age. The results demonstrated that induction of hypertension in young adult monkeys impaired relearning of a previously learned rule, but not visual recognition memory. Morphological measurement showed an increase in vascularity of the cingulum bundle with age but not in three other preselected areas, but this change did not correlate with cognitive impairments. MRI measurement of CBV in gray matter increased with duration of hypertension, but did not correlate with cognitive function. Functional vasoreactivity to carbon dioxide challenge was reduced in the right hippocampus, but not the left with age. The right hippocampal vasoreactivity, but not left, correlated with performance on two of three hippocampal dependent memory tasks in middle-aged animals. Together, the results of these studies suggest that hypertension in young adulthood can impair some aspects of cognition, and while both structural and functional microvascular alterations occur with aging or hypertension, only functional alterations correlate with cognitive function.
Book Synopsis Blood Pressure, Antihypertensive Treatment and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults by : Brian Kent Saxby
Download or read book Blood Pressure, Antihypertensive Treatment and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults written by Brian Kent Saxby and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypertension is prevalent in older adults and associated with impaired cognitive function compared to normotensive peers. The effect of antihypertensive therapy on preventing or reducing the rate of cognitive decline is unclear. The studies in this thesis examined the association of elevated blood pressure in older adults on changes in specific cognitive domains and tested the hypothesis that antihypertensive treatment reduces the rate of cognitive decline in older adults with mild hypertension. 507 older individuals (70-89 years) were recruited from a general practice population (250 normotensives, and 257 hypertensives who participated in an international, placebo- controlled trial of candesartan). Cognition was assessed annually for 3-5 years using a comprehensive computerised assessment battery and tests of executive function. Analysis of cognitive function at baseline showed hypertensive subjects performed worse than normotensives across a range of tasks (Chapter 3). Exploratory factor analyses were conducted on the baseline data to derive composite scores used to characterise five domains of cognition and reduce the number of statistical comparisons (Chapter 4). Regression analyses were performed for each participant to calculate individual slopes of decline on the five domains, to provide a sensitive method of analysing repeated assessment data with differential length of follow-up. The primary analysis showed that candesartan-based therapy reduced cognitive decline associated with hypertension on Attention and Episodic Memory, with a trend for Speed of Cognition; effect sizes were small-to-moderate. There were no effects on Working Memory or Executive Function (Chapter 6). The normotensive subjects showed less cognitive decline than the hypertensives (Chapter 7). These data suggest that the rate of cognitive decline associated with hypertension in older adults may be reduced by blood-pressure-lowering. Analysing individual slopes of decline on empirically-derived domains of cognition provides a sensitive and feasible methodology for assessing the effects.
