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Effects Of Aerobic Exercise Training On Arterial Stiffness And Autonomic Function In Obese Adults At Risk Of Cardiovascular Disease And Type 2 Diabetes
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Book Synopsis Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Arterial Stiffness and Autonomic Function in Obese Adults At-risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes by : Joshua McGee
Download or read book Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Arterial Stiffness and Autonomic Function in Obese Adults At-risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes written by Joshua McGee and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), CVD mortality, and type 2 diabetes. Arterial stiffness and autonomic dysfunction are independent predictors of CVD and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, African Americans (AA) have a disproportionate prevalence of elevated arterial stiffness compared to Caucasians. Obese individuals have a greater prevalence of diminished autonomic nervous system activity compared to lean individuals. Despite evidence of aerobic exercise training benefiting arterial stiffness and autonomic dysfunction in the general population, optimal intensity and volume for AAs and obese individuals remain unclear. The purpose of this dissertation was to determine whether high-intensity aerobic exercise training improved arterial stiffness and aortic compliance to a greater degree than moderate intensity in obese AAs (study 1), if clinically significant weight loss from a combined hypocaloric diet and aerobic exercise intervention increases heart rate variability (HRV) in obese adults and to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise volume on HRV during weight maintenance (study 2). Arterial stiffness or aortic compliance did not improve in response to 24 weeks of moderate- or high-intensity, supervised aerobic exercise training at a volume consistent with public health guidelines. However, both groups significantly increased cardiorespiratory fitness compared to the control group. In addition, we observed an inverse relationship between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and aortic compliance. The results from this study suggest AAs may require greater volumes of weekly aerobic exercise than recommended for the general population to improve arterial stiffness. The 10-week, combined intervention improved major HRV indices of parasympathetic activity. The changes in parasympathetic activity were inversely associated with fasting insulin concentrations. Both groups retained all HRV benefits over the 18-week maintenance phase. The results from this study suggest weight loss via energy restriction and exercise alter autonomic function, leading to improved sympathovagal balance in obese adults, also exercise volumes consistent with physical activity guidelines maintains improvements in autonomic function from weight loss. Collectively, the results of this dissertation provide valuable public health insight for health professionals prescribing aerobic exercise to improve predictors of CVD and type 2 diabetes, specifically arterial stiffness, aortic compliance, and autonomic dysfunction in at-risk, obese adults.
Book Synopsis Effects of Exercise on Hypertension by : Linda S. Pescatello
Download or read book Effects of Exercise on Hypertension written by Linda S. Pescatello and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-08 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the first primer on the effects of exercise on human hypertension, Effects of Exercise on Hypertension: From Cells to Physiological Systems provides the state-of-the-art effects of exercise on the many possible mechanisms underlying essential hypertension in humans. The book contains chapters by distinguished experts on the effects of exercise on physiological systems known to be involved in hypertension development and maintenance as well as less well known aspects of hypertension such as 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure profile and oxidative stress. An emerging area, the effects of resistance exercise training on blood pressure is also covered. A unique aspect of the book is that it covers the effects of exercise mimetics on vascular cell adaptations in order to begin to elucidate some of the cellular mechanisms that may underlie blood pressure reductions with exercise training. Lastly, the book will end with a chapter on the interactive effects of genes and exercise on blood pressure. Chapters are grouped by physiological system or mechanism. The text begins with two overview chapters; one on the general effects of aerobic exercise training and the second on the general effects of resistance exercise training on blood pressure. Each chapter begins with a bulleted list of key points. Effects of Exercise on Hypertension: From Cells to Physiological Systems will be of great value to professional individuals in cardiovascular medicine, the cardiovascular sciences, allied health care professionals, and medical and graduate students in the cardiovascular sciences and medicine.
Book Synopsis Effects of Exercise on Arterial Stiffness, Heart Rate Variability and Inflammatory Marker Hs-CRP in Type 2 Diabetes by : Anka Brozic
Download or read book Effects of Exercise on Arterial Stiffness, Heart Rate Variability and Inflammatory Marker Hs-CRP in Type 2 Diabetes written by Anka Brozic and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) arterial stiffness, heart rate variability (HRV), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and hyperaemic calf blood flow were measured before and after 12 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training. Arterial stiffness and HRV were also measured after 20 minutes of moderate, aerobic exercise pre and post exercise training. A single acute bout of aerobic exercise results in significantly elevated central arterial stiffness both before and after 12 weeks of training whereas AAI is reduced prior to training only. After 12 weeks of training, significant improvements were found in: C-F PWV (p=0.026); augmentation index (p= 0.005); peak oxygen uptake (p=.002) fasting plasma glucose (p=0.041), abdominal circumference (p=0.001), BMI (p=0.004) and body fat (p=0.032). Improvements in arterial stiffness were not associated with any change in anthropometric measurements, aerobic fitness, hs-CRP or indices of heart rate variability.
Download or read book Fitness Medicine written by Hasan Sozen and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-10-26 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although fitness and health have similar properties, they are, in reality, two very different concepts. While health refers to the absence of diseases, fitness refers to the degree of body functioning and the ability of the body to handle physical demands. The more efficient the body functions, the higher the level of fitness. The higher the level of fitness, the greater the chance of the body being free of diseases and maintaining a healthy state.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Vascular Structure and Function in Obese Children by : Aaron Scott Kelly
Download or read book The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Vascular Structure and Function in Obese Children written by Aaron Scott Kelly and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis PHYSICAL FITNESS COMPONENTS AND RISK FACTOR FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN RESPONSE TO AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC TRAINING IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS by : Dr. I. Devi Vara Prasad
Download or read book PHYSICAL FITNESS COMPONENTS AND RISK FACTOR FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN RESPONSE TO AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC TRAINING IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS written by Dr. I. Devi Vara Prasad and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2018-01-20 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health is the general condition of a person in all aspects. It is also a level of functional and/or metabolic efficiency of an organism, often implicitly human. At the time of the creation of the World Health Organization (WHO), in 1948, health was defined as being "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". In 1986, the WHO, in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, said that health is "a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities." Overall health is achieved through a combination of physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being, which, together is commonly referred to as the Health Triangle.Good health means that all organs of the body are working efficiently. The important proverb is, 'Health is wealth', 'if health is lost everything is lost', and is realized more in its absence than by its presence.
Book Synopsis The Arterial Stiffness Response to Acute Exercise in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes by : Laurel A. Ayvazian
Download or read book The Arterial Stiffness Response to Acute Exercise in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes written by Laurel A. Ayvazian and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Increased arterial stiffness is an additional, independent risk factor and may be important to identify in those who are already at increased risk. Exercise is an important component of diabetes self-management and has the potential to influence arterial stiffness. Aerobic exercise has consistently been associated with lower levels of arterial stiffness. While resistance exercise is important in regulating glycemic control and preventing sarcopenia in aging adults, some research indicates resistance exercise may increase stiffness. Women between the ages of 50 and 75 were recruited to participate in a healthy control (CON n= 10) or T2DM (n = 6) group. Subjects completed a full body, moderateintensity (60-85% 1 RM) resistance exercise protocol. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), radial pulse wave analysis (PWA), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and serum nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured pre- and postexercise, as well as after one hour of recovery. Additional PWA, BP, and HR measurements were taken 30 min postexercise. A significant (p
Book Synopsis Physical Activity, Exercise, Sedentary Behavior and Health by : Kazuyuki Kanosue
Download or read book Physical Activity, Exercise, Sedentary Behavior and Health written by Kazuyuki Kanosue and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-09 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to present current views about physical activity and the benefits of physical activity in preventing and ameliorating various health conditions that are of worldwide concern. This book was developed as a compilation of the accomplishments of the five-year Global COE (Center of Excellence) “Sport Sciences for the Promotion of Active Life” Program at the Faculty of Sport Sciences of Waseda University, Saitama, Japan. The first part establishes the research methodology and discusses the current status of physical activity. Topics covered include the prevalence of physical inactivity and highly sedentary behavior in different populations as well as strategies that can be adopted to promote physical activity. The second part focuses on the physiological effects of physical activity. Topics covered include physiological responses to exercise by the autonomic nervous system, the endocrine system, vascular functioning, postprandial blood glucose control, and inflammatory processes. The relationship between exercise and appetite is discussed, as is the influence of exercise on food intake and weight regulation. Additionally, the influence of exercise on protein regulation and posttranslational modifications is introduced. The final part discusses the role of physical activity in preventing lifestyle-related health issues and improving the quality of life, especially for the elderly. The contents should be of interest to anyone who is concerned with the human physiologic response to exercise and the promotion of healthy lifestyles, including sports and exercise science researchers as well as those involved with medicine, public health, physiology, nutrition, and elder care.
Book Synopsis Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention by : Peter Kokkinos
Download or read book Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention written by Peter Kokkinos and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2010-10-25 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health Sciences & Professions
Book Synopsis Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Mental Stress-induced Arterial Stiffness in Black Young Adults by : Lakeisha H. Johnson
Download or read book Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Mental Stress-induced Arterial Stiffness in Black Young Adults written by Lakeisha H. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black populations account for the highest rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, morbidity, and subclinical indices of CVD. Studies support that there are ethnic disparities in arterial stiffness, particularly manifested as early vascular aging. While ethnic disparities cannot be solely explained by traditional CVD risk factors, psychosocial factors, such as mental stress, have correlated to increased arterial stiffness. Exercise has been mentioned as a notable therapeutic mechanism for stressrelated stiffness. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an acute bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on mental stress-induced arterial stiffness in Black young adults. METHODS: 10 apparently healthy individuals (4 male, 6 female, 22.0 ± 1.8 years and BMI 25.3 ± 3.6 kg/m2) performed 30 minutes of treadmill exercise at 64-76% of heart rate maximum before a 5-minute mental stress task. Arterial stiffness (measured as carotid femoral pulse wave velocity [cfPWV]) and brachial and central hemodynamic measures (bSBP, bDBP, bPP, cSBP, cDBP, cPP, MAP, HR, AP, AIx, AIx@75) were recorded before and after the task and compared to results gathered on the control day (consisting of the same mental stress task without prior exercise). Participants were randomly assigned to either the control or exercise trial first. RESULTS: The mental stress task increased PWV, independent of exercise (main effect for time, p 0.001). The absolute change in PWV from pre to post 0 minutes was similar (p 0.05) for control (+0.43±0.39) and exercise (+0.33±0.70) trials. Mental stress had a main effect for time (p
Book Synopsis Effect of Aging and Habitual Aerobic Exercise on Endothelial Function, Arterial Stiffness, and Autonomic Function in Humans by : Stephen Alan Harris
Download or read book Effect of Aging and Habitual Aerobic Exercise on Endothelial Function, Arterial Stiffness, and Autonomic Function in Humans written by Stephen Alan Harris and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study is to characterize the extent to which impaired autonomic function and aortic stiffening and endothelial dysfunction in sedentary older adults is attenuated in endurance trained older adults. However, it is unclear whether impairments in autonomic function cause dysfunction in the central and peripheral vasculature, or if stiffer large elastic arteries and dysfunctional endothelium lead to impaired autonomic regulation. As such, stiffening of the large elastic arteries may itself result in reduced sensitivity of the baroreflex independent of peripheral endothelial function by preventing normal detection of stretch in a non-compliant vascular wall. This study will evaluate whether age-related autonomic dysfunction is associated with impaired endothelial function and increased aortic stiffness in sedentary young and middle-aged and older sedentary and endurance trained adults.
Book Synopsis Effects of Eight Weeks of High-intensity Interval Training on Blood Glucose Control, Endothelial Function, and Visceral Fat in Obese Adults by : Brandon J. Sawyer
Download or read book Effects of Eight Weeks of High-intensity Interval Training on Blood Glucose Control, Endothelial Function, and Visceral Fat in Obese Adults written by Brandon J. Sawyer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death in the United States and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity lead to cardiovascular disease. Obese adults are more susceptible to CVD compared to their non-obese counterparts. Exercise training leads to large reductions in the risk of CVD and T2D. Recent evidence suggests high-intensity interval training (HIT) may yield similar or superior benefits in a shorter amount of time compared to traditional continuous exercise training. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of HIT to continuous (CONT) exercise training for the improvement of endothelial function, glucose control, and visceral adipose tissue. Seventeen obese men (N=9) and women (N=8) were randomized to eight weeks of either HIT (N=9, age=34 years, BMI=37.6 kg/m2) or CONT (N=8, age=34 years, BMI=34.6 kg/m2) exercise 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Endothelial function was assessed via flow-mediated dilation (FMD), glucose control was assessed via continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and visceral adipose tissue and body composition was measured with an iDXA. Incremental exercise testing was performed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. There were no changes in weight, fat mass, or visceral adipose tissue measured by the iDXA, but there was a significant reduction in body fat that did not differ by group (46±6.3 to 45.4±6.6%, P=0.025). HIT led to a significantly greater improvement in FMD compared to CONT exercise (HIT: 5.1 to 9.0%; CONT: 5.0 to 2.6%, P=0.006). Average 24-hour glucose was not improved over the whole group and there were no group x time interactions for CGM data (HIT: 103.9 to 98.2 mg/dl; CONT: 99.9 to 100.2 mg/dl, P>0.05). When statistical analysis included only the subjects who started with an average glucose at baseline> 100 mg/dl, there was a significant improvement in glucose control overall, but no group x time interaction (107.8 to 94.2 mg/dl, P=0.027). Eight weeks of HIT led to superior improvements in endothelial function and similar improvements in glucose control in obese subjects at risk for T2D and CVD. HIT was shown to have comparable or superior health benefits in this obese sample with a 36% lower total exercise time commitment.
Book Synopsis The Effects of a Moderate Progressive Aerobic Exercise Program on the Severely and Morbidly Obese by : Chester J. Zelasko
Download or read book The Effects of a Moderate Progressive Aerobic Exercise Program on the Severely and Morbidly Obese written by Chester J. Zelasko and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow by : Michitoshi Inoue
Download or read book Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow written by Michitoshi Inoue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.
Book Synopsis The Effects of 4 Weeks of Aerobic Exercise on Arterial Stiffness and the Renin-angiotensin and Aldosterone System on Stage One Hypertensive Obese Individuals by : Anne Marie Moody
Download or read book The Effects of 4 Weeks of Aerobic Exercise on Arterial Stiffness and the Renin-angiotensin and Aldosterone System on Stage One Hypertensive Obese Individuals written by Anne Marie Moody and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stress Echocardiography by : Eugenio Picano
Download or read book Stress Echocardiography written by Eugenio Picano and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-19 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the seventh edition of a long-selling book (first edition 1991) that was translated into Italian, French, Chinese, Portuguese, Spanish, English. In the last ten years, stress echocardiography has exploded in its breadth and variety of applications. From a one-fits-all approach (wall motion by 2D-echo in the patient with known or suspected coronary artery disease), the field has progressed to an omnivorous, next-generation laboratory employing a variety of technologies (from M-Mode to 2D, from pulsed, continuous, color and tissue Doppler to lung ultrasound) on patients covering the entire spectrum of severity (from elite athletes to patients with end-stage heart failure) and ages (from children with congenital heart disease to the elderly with aortic stenosis). This new edition is enriched with over 300 figures, 150 tables and video-clips. In a societal and economic climate of increasing pressure for appropriate, justified and optimized imaging, stress echocardiography offers the great advantages of being radiation-free, relatively low cost, with minimal environmental impact, and with a staggering versatility: we can get more (information) with less (cost and risk). The volume will be a tremendous aid to current best practices for all health operators who intend to use stress echocardiography and ultrasound for diagnosis and guidance of optimal management in their patients.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Exercise on Cardiovascular Disease in Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by : Amy Lynne Wark
Download or read book The Effect of Exercise on Cardiovascular Disease in Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus written by Amy Lynne Wark and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The current research investigation was designed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Subjects (N = 8) completed 8 weeks of aerobic style exercise 3 times a week at an intensity of 60 to 85% maximum heart rate. Each subject was assessed for endothelial function, peak oxygen consumption, glucose tolerance, body composition, and serum lipids. Subjects were tested prior to and 48 to 72 hours following the completion of the exercise intervention. Endothelial function improved 60% in subjects (p> .05) following the exercise intervention independent of improvements in glucose tolerance, oxygen consumption, lipids, and body mass index. Possible reasons for the lack of differences may include small subject number and the nature of the disease pathology. In conclusion, exercise training has been found to have positive but not significant effects on endothelial function, metabolic state and body composition in adolescents with T2DM.
