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Effect Of Ply Thickness On Longitudinal Splitting And Delamination In Graphite Epoxy Under Compressive Cyclic Load
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Book Synopsis Effect of Ply Thickness on Longitudinal Splitting and Delamination in Graphite/Epoxy Under Compressive Cyclic Load by : PA. Lagace
Download or read book Effect of Ply Thickness on Longitudinal Splitting and Delamination in Graphite/Epoxy Under Compressive Cyclic Load written by PA. Lagace and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The initiation and growth of damage due to compressive cyclic loading was investigated in [±45n/0n]s graphite/epoxy laminates where the "effective ply thickness" was varied by allowing n to take on the values 1, 2, and 3. A total of 35 axially loaded sandwich specimens with 6.35-mm-diameter holes were cycled at 7 Hz at peak stress levels of 52% to 72% of the static ultimate compressive stress of 425 MPa (which was experimentally determined to be independent of the value of n). Out-of-plane moiré interferometry and pulse-echo ultrasound techniques were used to nondestructively inspect the specimens and showed that three distinct modes of damage growth occur in these laminates. Delamination which initiates at the hole and grows in a radial or transverse fashion occurred only in 60% of the [±45/0]s specimens. For these two types of damage, the growth was rapid and led to catastrophic failure of the specimen. The remainder of the [±45/0]s specimens and all the laminates where the effective ply thickness was doubled and tripled, [±452/02]s and [±453/03]s, exhibited delaminations which initiated at the hole edges and grew parallel to the load direction with the width of the delamination equal to the width of the hole. Catastrophic failure did not occur in these cases. There is a linear relationship between the delamination length and the logarithm of the number of applied load cycles in all these cases. However, the delamination initiated earlier and at lower stress levels for laminates with larger effective ply thicknesses. Specimen sectioning and microscopic examination show that this damage depends on the development of splitting in the 0-deg plies and subsequent delamination as a result of shear failure at the -45°/0° ply interface in the region between the splits. Several [0/±45]s and [02/±452]s coupon specimens were cycled in tension and this splitting and subsequent delamination also developed. Residual tensile strength tests conducted on graphite/epoxy coupons debonded from the honeycomb after cycling showed a 50% increase in tensile strength over undamaged specimens with 6.35-mm-diameter holes. This is attributed to the redistribution of stress around the hole due to the relieving of stress concentration in the 0-deg plies by the splitting and delamination.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Ply Thickness on Longitudinal Splitting and Delamination in Graphite/epoxy Under Compressive Cyclic Load by : Paul A. Lagace
Download or read book The Effect of Ply Thickness on Longitudinal Splitting and Delamination in Graphite/epoxy Under Compressive Cyclic Load written by Paul A. Lagace and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The initiation and growth of damage due to compressive cyclic loading was investigated in [±45n/0/n ]s graphite/epoxy laminates where the "effective ply thickness" was varied by allowing n to take on the values 1, 2, and 3. A total of thirty-five axially-loaded sandwich specimens with 6.35 mm diameter holes were cycled at 7 Hz at peak stress levels of 52% to 72% of the static ultimate compressive stress of 425 MPa (which was experimentally determined to be independent of the value of n). Out-of-plane moire interferometry and pulse-echo ultrasound techniques were used to nondestructively inspect the specimens and showed that three distinct modes of damage growth occur in these laminates. Delamination which initiates at the hole and grows in a radial or transverse fashion occurred only in 60% of the [±45/0]s specimens. For these two types of damage, the growth was rapid and led to catastrophic failure of the specimen. The remainder of the [±45/0]s specimens and all the laminates where the effective ply thickness was doubled and tripled, [±45 2/02]s and [± 45 3/03]s, exhibited delaminations which initiated at the hole edges and grew parallel to the load direction with the width of the delamination equal to the width of the hole. Catastrophic failure did not occur in these cases. There is a linear relationship between the delamination length and the logarithm of the number of applied load cycles in all these cases. However, the delamination initiated earlier and at lower stress levels for laminates with larger effective ply thicknesses. Specimen sectioning and microscopic examination shows that this damage depends on the development of splitting in the 0° plies and subsequent delamination as a result of shear failure at the -45°/0° ply interface in the region between the splits. Several [0/±45]s and [02/±45 2]s coupon specimens were cycled in tension and this splitting and subsequent delamination also developed. Residual tensile strength tests conducted on graphite/epoxy coupons debonded from the honeycomb after cycling showed a 50% increase in tensile strength over undamaged specimens with 6.35 mm diameter holes. This is attributed to the redistribution of stress around the hole due to the relieving of stress concentration in the 0° plies by the splitting and delamination.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Ply Thickness on the Initiation and Growth of Delamination in Graphite/epoxy Laminates with Holes Under Compressive Cyclic Loading by : Stephen C. Nolet
Download or read book The Effect of Ply Thickness on the Initiation and Growth of Delamination in Graphite/epoxy Laminates with Holes Under Compressive Cyclic Loading written by Stephen C. Nolet and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of "effective ply thickness" on initiation and growth of damage in [+-45xn/0xn]s (qhwew n=1,2, and 3) graphite/epoxy laminates with 6.35 mm holes under compressive cyclic loading has been investigated. Static and cyclic compressive testing was done on axially loaded sandwich specimens. Out-of-plane Moire interferometry and pulse-echo ultrasonic inspection was used to monitor cyclic test specimens for delamination damage. The compressive static tests on the [+-45xn/Oxns sandwich specimens showed no "effective ply thickness" dependence on the compressive fracture stress of 423 MPa. Cyclic tests on the [+-45/0]s specimens showed three different types of damage development for the same applied peak stress: one, a damage mode that led to immediate transverse failure; two, delamination that initiated at the hole edge and grew radially from the hole; and three, a delamination that initiated at the top and bottom of the hole and grew longitudinally within the width of the hole. However, all the [+-45x2/0x2]s and [+-45x3/0x3]s laminates developed only the longitudinal delamination type of damage. The growth of longitudinal delamination was found to be a linear function of the logarithm of the number of applied load cycles. This damage initiates earlier as the "effective ply thickness" and/or peak cyclic stress increases. Furthermore, the growth rate increases with "effective ply thickness." Longitudinal delamination develops due to splitting in the 0° plies of the laminate and subsequent shear failure of the -45°/0° interface between the 0 splits. This mode of damage was also observed in two tensile cyclic tests. results of residual strength testing showed that laminates with longitudinal delamination had an average residual tensile stress of 640 MPa. This is approximate a 50% increase over the ultimate tensile stress of 455 MPa determined from static tensile tests on six coupons and eight sandwich specimens (uncycled) of the [+-45/0]s laminate.
Book Synopsis Composite Materials by : H. Thomas Hahn
Download or read book Composite Materials written by H. Thomas Hahn and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1986 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Composite Materials by : John D. Whitcomb
Download or read book Composite Materials written by John D. Whitcomb and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1988 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conference held May 1986 in Charleston, South Carolina. Twenty-seven papers represent the following areas; analysis; impact and compression; materials characterization; failure mechanisms; nondestructive evaluation; filament wound and woven composites. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Book Synopsis Fatigue in Composites by : Bryan Harris
Download or read book Fatigue in Composites written by Bryan Harris and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-10-31 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This major handbook is the first authoritative survey of current knowledge of fatigue behaviour of composites. It deals in detail with a wide range of problems met by designers in the automotive, marine and structural engineering industries. Compiled from the contributions of some of the best-known researchers in the field, it provides an invaluable, practical and encyclopaedic handbook covering recent developments. Comprehensively discusses the problems of fatigue in composites met by designers in the aerospace, marine and structural engineering industries Provides a general introduction on fatigue in composites before reviewing current research on micromechanical aspects Analyses various types of composites with respect to fatigue behaviour and testing and provides in-depth coverage of life-prediction models for constant variable stresses
Book Synopsis Fatigue of Materials and Structures by : Claude Bathias
Download or read book Fatigue of Materials and Structures written by Claude Bathias and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-04 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design of mechanical structures with improved and predictable durability cannot be achieved without a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of fatigue damage and more specifically the relationships between the microstructure of materials and their fatigue properties. Written by leading experts in the field, this book (which is complementary to Fatigue of Materials and Structures: Application to Damage and Design, also edited by Claude Bathias and André Pineau), provides an authoritative, comprehensive and unified treatment of the mechanics and micromechanisms of fatigue in metals, polymers and composites. Each chapter is devoted to one of the major classes of materials or to different types of fatigue damage, thereby providing overall coverage of the field. The book deals with crack initiation, crack growth, low-cycle fatigue, gigacycle fatigue, shorts cracks, fatigue micromechanisms and the local approach to fatigue damage, corrosion fatigue, environmental effects and variable amplitude loadings, and will be an important and much used reference for students, practicing engineers and researchers studying fracture and fatigue in numerous areas of mechanical, structural, civil, design, nuclear, and aerospace engineering as well as materials science.
Book Synopsis Composite Materials by : Eugene T. Camponeschi
Download or read book Composite Materials written by Eugene T. Camponeschi and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1993 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Notch Size Effects on Splitting Damage Development in Graphite/epoxy Under Tensile Cyclic Loading by : Mahmoud Hatem M. Helmi Daken
Download or read book Notch Size Effects on Splitting Damage Development in Graphite/epoxy Under Tensile Cyclic Loading written by Mahmoud Hatem M. Helmi Daken and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of notch size on the 0° ply splitting in [0/ 45°] AS1/3501-6 graphite/epoxy laminates under constant amplitude tension-tension cyclic loading. Eighty specimens, each with a circular hole at the center, were tested at one of four maximum stress levels: 80%, 70%, 62%, and 58% of the respective notched static ultimate strength. Two distinct characteristic splitting development patterns were identified. The split growth rates for the 3.175 and 6.350 mm hole specimens are higher when the split tips are in the vicinity of the hole and decrease to a steady level as the splits propagate away from the hole tips. The 9.525 and 12.70 mm hole specimens exhibit a monotonically decreasing rate of split growth. Splitting development in specimens with the two smaller hole sizes was accompanied by complete delamination of the 0° ply in the region bounded by the splits. Specimens with the two larger notch sizes did not exhibit this mode. The 0* ply matrix shear stress was calculated at the split tip using a simplified "material model," which accounts for the material heterogeneity, and correlated with the experimental split growth data for the different notch sizes and stress levels. These correlations indicate that the extent of delamination at the 0°/+45° ply interface strongly influences the magnitude of the matrix shear stress at the split tip, and accordingly the splitting behavior.
Book Synopsis Mixed-mode Strain-energy-release Rate Effects on Edge Delamination of Composites by : Kevin T. O'Brien
Download or read book Mixed-mode Strain-energy-release Rate Effects on Edge Delamination of Composites written by Kevin T. O'Brien and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Fatigue Science and Technology by : C. Moura Branco
Download or read book Advances in Fatigue Science and Technology written by C. Moura Branco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 982 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the edited version of lectures and selected research contributions presented at the NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE on ADVANCES IN FATIGUE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. held in Alvor. Portugal, 4th to 15th of April 1988. and organized by CEMUL - Center of Mechanics and Materials of The Technical University of Lisbon. The Institute was attended by 101 participants, including 15 lecturers. from 14 countries. The participants were leading scientists and engineers from universities, research institutions and industry. and also Ph.D~ students. Some participants presented papers during the Institute reporting the state-of-art of their research projects. All the sessions wel'e very active and quite extensive discussions on scientific aspects took place during the Institute. The Advanced Study Institute provided a forum for interaction among eminent scientists and engineers. from different schools of thought and young researchers. The Institute addressed the foundations and current state of the art of essential aspects related to fatigue science and technology, namely: Short Cracks, Metallurgical Aspects, Environmental Fatigue, Threshold Behaviour, Notch Behaviour. Creep and Fatigue Interactions at High Temperature, Multiaxial Fatigue, Low Cycle Fatigue, Methodology of Fatigue Testing, Variable Amplitude Fatigue, Fatigue of Advanced Materials. Elastic-Plastic Fatigue, and several engineering applications such as welded joints, energy systems, offshore structures, automotive industry, machine and engine components. This book is organized in three parts: Part I: Fundamentals of Fatigue Part II: Engineering Applications Part III: Research Contributions The research contributions covered most of the areas referred above.
Book Synopsis Composite Materials by : Erian A. Armanios
Download or read book Composite Materials written by Erian A. Armanios and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1997 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Engineered Materials Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995-07 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis ASTM Standards and Literature References for Composite Materials by :
Download or read book ASTM Standards and Literature References for Composite Materials written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1990 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Fatigue Damage Development in Graphite Epoxy Laminates by : Russell Douglas Jamison
Download or read book Advanced Fatigue Damage Development in Graphite Epoxy Laminates written by Russell Douglas Jamison and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of an experimental investigation of damage development in T300/5208 graphite epoxy laminates subjected to tension-tension cyclic loading are reported. The concept of laminate stiffness reduction as a damage analogue is shown to be a valuable means of test control and damage interpretation. The relationship between stiffness and number of cycles is shown to be unique for each laminate type studied, each possessing three distinct stages, but markedly different among the laminate types. By using two complementary nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, edge replication and penetrant-enhanced stereo X- ray radiography along with a method for deploying fatigue-damaged specimens, the stages of stiffness reduction were found to correspond variously to the predominance of matrix cracking or delamination or interactions of these matrix damage modes. A number of subordinate matrix damage modes including interior delamination, microcracking, and longitudinal splitting are identified with the matrix cracks which produce them.
Book Synopsis Compressive Behaviour of Composites by : C. Soutis
Download or read book Compressive Behaviour of Composites written by C. Soutis and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews the most important studies undertaken of the compressive failure mechanisms encountered in modern composite materials. It considers first the behaviour of unidirectional laminates, followed by unnotched and notched multidirectional structures. It then considers existing theoretical models. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database provides useful references for further reading.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Ply Thickness on the Free Edge Delamination of Graphite/epoxy Laminates by : John Charles Brewer
Download or read book The Effect of Ply Thickness on the Free Edge Delamination of Graphite/epoxy Laminates written by John Charles Brewer and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The initiation of delamination in graphite/epoxy laminates was investigated both analytically and experimentally and the effect of effective ply thickness on this phenomenon assessed. Three different laminate families were investigated: [±15n]s,[±15n/0n]s, and [0n/±15n]s, with the normalized effective ply thickness, n, varying from 1 to 5. Delamination initiation was detected using the load drop technique in conjunction with edge replication. Initiation was determined to have occurred when a load drop was detected and a delamination initiation was confirmed on the replication of the specimen edge. Two different analytical techniques were used t-o correlate the measured delamination initiation stresses: the previously proposed strain energy release rate approach and the Quadratic Delamination Criterion which is introduced herein. The strain energy release rate approach was unable to accurately correlate the data for two of the three laminate families as the data clearly showed that the critical value of strain energy release rate is significantly dependent on the effective ply thickness. The Quadratic Delamination Criterion, an average stress criterion which involves the comparison of the calculated interlaminar normal stress and interlaminar shear stress ([sigma]1z) to their related strength parameters, is proposed and shows excellent correlation with the delamination initiation stress data.
