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Download or read book Effect of H2O on Slurry‐Phase Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Over Alumina‐supported Cobalt Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (982 download)
Download or read book Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of ammonia in syngas on the performance of various supported cobalt catalysts (i.e., Al2O3, TiO2 and SiO2) was investigated during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) using a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The addition of ammonia (10 ppmv NH3) caused a significant deactivation for all supported cobalt catalysts, but the rate of deactivation was higher for the silica-supported catalysts relative to the alumina and titania-supported catalysts used in this work. Ammonia addition had a positive effect on product selectivity (i.e., lower light gas products and higher C5+) for alumina and titania-supported catalysts compared to ammonia free conditions, whereas, the addition of ammonia increased lighter hydrocarbon (C1-C4) products and decreased higher hydrocarbon (C5+) selectivity compared to ammonia-free synthesis conditions for the silica-supported catalyst. For alumina and titania-supported catalysts, the activity almost recovered with mild in-situ hydrogen treatment of the ammonia exposed catalysts. For the silica-supported catalyst, the loss of activity is somewhat irreversible (i.e., cannot be regained after the mild hydrogen treatment). Addition of ammonia led to a significant loss in BET surface area and changes in pore diameter (consistent with pore collapse of a fraction of pores into the microporous range as described in the literature), as well as formation of catalytically inactive cobalt support compounds for the silica-supported catalyst. On the other hand, the pore characteristics of alumina and titania-supported catalysts were not significantly changed. In conclusion, XANES results of the ammonia exposed silica-supported catalysts further confirm the formation of cobalt-support compounds (cobalt silicates).
Author : B. H. Davis
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420062573
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Advances in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts, and Catalysis written by B. H. Davis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-10 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rising oil costs have stimulated significant interest in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) as a method for producing a synthetic petroleum substitute. Drawn from the proceedings at a symposium held during the 236th meeting of the American Chemical Society in Philadelphia in August 2008, Advances in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts, and Cataly
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080466753
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts and Catalysis written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-11-06 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The declining supply of crude oils worldwide and the ever increasing demand for petroleum products from China, India, Europe and the US have recently propelled crude prices to unprecedented levels. The future availability of traditional crudes is becoming a source of discussion and debate.Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts and Catalysis offers a timely and comprehensive report on the processing of relatively inexpensive coal deposits into transportation fluids using Fisher-Tropsch process Technology. In addition to recent catalysts and process developments, the book contains the history of the Fisher-Tropsch in Germany and Japan based on captured documents by allied forces. * Increase the understanding of FT process development* Addresses four major areas of interest in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS)
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Slurry Phase Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Co/MgO/SiO[sub 2] Fischer-Tropsch catalyst was operated simultaneously with a Cu/ZnO/Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] water-gas-shift catalyst in a slurry reactor for over 400 hours. The process conditions were held constant at a temperature of 240[degrees]C, a pressure of 0.79 MPa, and a 1.1 H[sub 2]/CO feed of 0.065 Nl/min-g.cat. The Fischer-Tropsch activity remained constant at the level predicted by the operation of the Co/MgO/SiO[sub 2] catalyst alone. The water-gas-shift reaction was near equilibrium. The hydrocarbon product distribution of the combined catalyst system was stable and matched that of the CO/MgO/SiO[sub 2] operating alone under similar conditions. The combined catalyst system exhibited a high selectivity to n-alkanes. Neither catalysts's operation appeared to have a detrimental effect on that of the other, showing promise for future option.
Author : André Steynberg
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080472796
Total Pages : 722 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Fischer-Tropsch Technology written by André Steynberg and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-10-30 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fischer-Tropsch Technology is a unique book for its state-of-the-art approach to Fischer Tropsch (FT) technology. This book provides an explanation of the basic principles and terminology that are required to understand the application of FT technology. It also contains comprehensive references to patents and previous publications. As the first publication to focus on theory and application, it is a contemporary reference source for students studying chemistry and chemical engineering. Researchers and engineers active in the development of FT technology will also find this book an invaluable source of information. * Is the first publication to cover the theory and application for modern Fischer Tropsch technology * Contains comprehensive knowledge on all aspects relevant to the application of Fischer Tropsch technology* No other publication looks at past, present and future applications
Author : G. Henrici-Olive
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642696627
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide written by G. Henrici-Olive and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the oil embargo, in the winter 1973174, parts of Western Europe present ed an almost war-like aspect on Saturdays and Sundays: no traffic on the high ways, no crowds at ski resorts and other weekend entertainment places, no gaso line at the pumps. Living and teaching then in that part of the world, and discussing the situa tion with our students, we came to the conclusion that it would be timely to col lect the fine chemistry already known at the time in the field of conversion of coal to gasoline and other chemicals, and by this way help to draw the attention to this important alternative to crude oil. The idea of this book was born. The energy shock of the early seventies has been healthy and of great conse quences in chemistry. Large amounts of research money have been put to work since, and our knowledge of the possibilities and limitations of coal-based chemistry has increased enormously. During several years it appeared inap propriate to write a monograph about a topic which was in the midst of such an impetuous development. Nevertheless, we collected, and critically selected, the upcoming work as it appeared in the literature, and also tried to provide some modest input ourselves. Now, ten years later, the situation seems to be settled to a certain degree.
Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781719501361
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Fischer-Tropsch Cobalt Catalyst Improvements with the Presence of TiO2, La2O3, and ZrO2 on an Alumina Support written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-05-22 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of titanium oxide, lanthanum oxide, and zirconium oxide on alumina supported cobalt catalysts. The hypothesis was that the presence of lanthanum oxide, titanium oxide, and zirconium oxide would reduce the interaction between cobalt and the alumina support. This was of interest because an optimized weakened interaction could lead to the most advantageous cobalt dispersion, particle size, and reducibility. The presence of these oxides on the support were investigated using a wide range of characterization techniques such as SEM, nitrogen adsorption, x-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), temperature programmed reduction after reduction (TPR-AR), and hydrogen chemisorptions/pulse reoxidation. Results indicated that both La2O3 and TiO2 doped supports facilitated the reduction of cobalt oxide species in reference to pure alumina supported cobalt catalysts, however further investigation is needed to determine the effect of ZrO2 on the reduction profile. Results showed an increased corrected cluster size for all three doped supported catalysts in comparison to their reference catalysts. The increase in reduction and an increase in the cluster size led to the conclusion that the support-metal interaction weakened by the addition of TiO2 and La2O3. It is also likely that the interaction decreased upon presence of ZrO2 on the alumina, but further research is necessary. Preliminary results have indicated that the alumina-supported catalysts with titanium oxide and lanthanum oxide present are of interest because of the weakened cobalt support interaction. These catalysts showed an increased extent of reduction, therefore more metallic cobalt is present on the support. However, whether or not there is more cobalt available to participate in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction (cobalt surface atoms) depends also on the cluster size. On one hand, increasing cluster size alone tends to decrease the
Author : Danny Chien Lu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 966 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (152 download)
Download or read book A Kinetic Study of the Modified Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Over an Alumina-supported Cobalt Oxide Catalyst written by Danny Chien Lu and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Burtron H. Davis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by Burtron H. Davis and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Wilson D. Shafer
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 303928388X
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)
Download or read book Iron and Cobalt Catalysts written by Wilson D. Shafer and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-06-23 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the turn of the last century when the field of catalysis was born, iron and cobalt have been key players in numerous catalysis processes. These metals, due to their ability to activate CO and CH, haev a major economic impact worldwide. Several industrial processes and synthetic routes use these metals: biomass-to-liquids (BTL), coal-to-liquids (CTL), natural gas-to-liquids (GTL), water-gas-shift, alcohol synthesis, alcohol steam reforming, polymerization processes, cross-coupling reactions, and photocatalyst activated reactions. A vast number of materials are produced from these processes, including oil, lubricants, waxes, diesel and jet fuels, hydrogen (e.g., fuel cell applications), gasoline, rubbers, plastics, alcohols, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, feed-stock chemicals, and other alternative materials. However, given the true complexities of the variables involved in these processes, many key mechanistic issues are still not fully defined or understood. This Special Issue of Catalysis will be a collaborative effort to combine current catalysis research on these metals from experimental and theoretical perspectives on both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. We welcome contributions from the catalysis community on catalyst characterization, kinetics, reaction mechanism, reactor development, theoretical modeling, and surface science.
Author : Jennifer Lindsey Suder Klettlinger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Fischer-Tropsch cobalt catalyst improvements with the presence of TiO2, La2O3, and ZrO2 on an alumina support written by Jennifer Lindsey Suder Klettlinger and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Shiro Watanabe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Bench-scale Studies of the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Over Iron, Nickel, and Nickel Cobalt Catalysts (Japan) written by Shiro Watanabe and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : A. Parmaliana
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080537308
Total Pages : 1005 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Natural Gas Conversion V written by A. Parmaliana and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-09-17 with total page 1005 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On January 1988, the ascertained and economically accessible reserves of Natural Gas (NG) amounted to over 144,000 billion cubic meters worldwide, corresponding to 124 billion tons of oil equivalents (comparable with the liquid oil reserves, which are estimated to be 138 billion TOE). It is hypothesized that the volume of NG reserve will continue to grow at the same rate of the last decade. Forecasts on production indicate a potential increase from about 2,000 billion cubic meters in 1990 to not more than 3,300 billion cubic meters in 2010, even in a high economic development scenario. NG consumption represents only one half of oil: 1.9 billion TOE/y as compared to 3.5 of oil. Consequently, in the future gas will exceed oil as a carbon atom source. In the future the potential for getting energetic vectors or petrochemicals from NG will continue to grow. The topics covered in Natural Gas Conversion V reflect the large global R&D effort to look for new and economic ways of NG exploitation. These range from the direct conversion of methane and light paraffins to the indirect conversion through synthesis gas to fuels and chemicals. Particularly underlined and visible are the technologies already commercially viable. These proceedings prove that mature and technologically feasible processes for natural gas conversion are already available and that new and improved catalytic approaches are currently developing, the validity and feasibility of which will soon be documented. This is an exciting area of modern catalysis, which will certainly open novel and rewarding perspectives for the chemical, energy and petrochemical industries.
Author : Kalala Jalama
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (775 download)
Download or read book Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Over Supported Cobalt Catalysts written by Kalala Jalama and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Adnan Khalil Oues
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (871 download)
Download or read book Studying the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis on Alumina Support Cobalt Base Catalyst in Fixed Bed Reactor written by Adnan Khalil Oues and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Fischer-Tropsch catalyst composed of cobalt supported on alumina was prepared. This catalyst was cobalt/alumina (Co/AL2 O3 ). The physical characterization of the catalyst was conducted using surface area analysis through the BET method, and particle size analysis. Fischer-Tropsch experiments were conducted in a fixed bed reactor. A flow rate of 100sml/min was selected based experimentally. Two temperatures were 330, and 350°C, and three different pressures as follows 145, 217.6, and 290 psig. The results were evaluated and studied based on conversion of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, in addition to selectivity of products.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (921 download)
Download or read book Effect of Alumina Support Modification on Performance of Cobalt and Iron Catalysts in Fischer-tropsch Reaction written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effect of alumina support modification for applications as cobalt and iron catalyst supports in Fischer-Tropsch reaction were studied. Alumina supports consisting of various gamma to chi ratios were prepared using solvothermal method and employed as supports for cobalt catalysts. In order to identify the characteristics, all the catalysts were characterized using surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy2Energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and hydrogen and carbon monoxide chemisorption. CO hydrogenation (H 2CO = 10/1) was also performed to determine the overall activity and selectivity of the Co/AL O catalysts containing various gamma to chi ratios. It was found that both activity and selectivity were increased with increasing the chi to gamma ratios of the alumina supports. It is suggested that the spherical;-shape like morphology of the -phase AL O provide better stability and dispersion of the Co particles. In addition, the effect of Cu-modification of alumina support for applications as iron catalyst supports in Fischer-Tropsch reaction (H 2CO - 2/1) was also investigated. It was found that the use of copper-modified alumina supports enhanced both reducibilities and the overall activities of Fe/AL O catalysts. However, Cu-modification of alumina support appeared to have no effect on selectivity of the F-T products.
