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Effect Of Different Modes Of Aeration On Composting Of Solid Waste In A Closed System
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Book Synopsis EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MODES OF A by : Quazi Hamidul Bari
Download or read book EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MODES OF A written by Quazi Hamidul Bari and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Effect of Different Modes of Aeration on Composting of Solid Waste in a Closed System" by Quazi Hamidul, Bari, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MODES OF AERATION ON COMPOSTING OF SOLID WASTE IN A CLOSED SYSTEM submitted by QUAZI HAMIDUL BARI for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong in April 1999 Composting has become increasingly popular in the past decade as a biological treatment process for organic solid wastes, with the purpose of recovery, stabilization and volume reduction of waste material in the form of compost. Different modes of forced aeration composting, using two heat insulated closed pilot-scale reactors were investigated in this study. The specific objectives were to evaluate (i) the distribution of physico-chemical parameters including temperature and moisture throughout the height of the composting mass; (ii) the rate and extent of organic waste degradation during composting; and (iii) the order of reaction rates and their dependence on temperature. The modes of aeration studied were upflow, downflow, alternate upflow/downflow, and internal recirculation in a single-reactor system as well as reuse of spent air in a two-reactor system in series. To accomplish the above objectives, eighteen pilot-scale tests were performed, as first, second and third stage composting process of 20 to 30 days duration each. Temperature at different heights of the composting mass as well as air velocity were continuously monitored by datalogger. Air flow was continuous or intermittent depending on temperature. Oxygen content in the spent air was regularly measured. Addition of water or recycling of leachate was applied as needed. At the beginning and end of each composting test, the initial waste mixture (food waste and waste paper) and/or compost was analyzed with regard to the most relevant physico- chemical parameters. The product stability was determined by the self-heating test. For comparison, several bench-scale composting tests were performed using similar waste mixtures. The results showed significant vertical distribution of different physico-chemical parameters in the composting mass along the airflow directions. The upflow aeration mode produces high temperature, moisture content, pH and NH -N concentration in the top layers of the composting mass and vice-versa for the downflow aeration mode. Specifically it was found that: 1. Alternate upflow/downflow aeration with addition of water achieves more equal distribution of temperature, moisture and other physico-chemical parameters throughout the height of the composting mass, than other aeration modes. 2. Application of alternate upflow/downflow aeration and internal air recirculation accelerates the composting process. 3. Completely stable compost was produced after second stage composting in the two-reactor system, whereas the compost after second stage composting from the single reactor system did not achieve complete stability despite the same or increased total composting time. 4. Temperature dependence of the reaction rates of different aeration mode composting tests followed the Arrhenius equation. 5. The actual reaction rates were most closely approximated by first order reaction rates. 6. The extent of overall degradation in a closed composting system can be predicted based on outlet air temperature instead of average internal temperature. 7. The extent of degradation in different layers of the composting mass can be estimated by multilayer analysis using first o
Book Synopsis Effect of Different Modes of Aeration on Composting of Solid Waste in a Closed System by : Hamidul Bari Quazi
Download or read book Effect of Different Modes of Aeration on Composting of Solid Waste in a Closed System written by Hamidul Bari Quazi and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Waste Valorisation and Recycling by : Sadhan Kumar Ghosh
Download or read book Waste Valorisation and Recycling written by Sadhan Kumar Ghosh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-29 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers high-quality research papers presented at the Seventh International Conference on Solid Waste Management, held at Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad on December 15-17, 2017. The Conference, IconSWM 2017, is as an official side event of the high-level Intergovernmental Eighth Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific. As a pre-event, it also aims to generate scientific inputs to the policy consultations at the Eighth Regional 3R Forum co-organised by the UNCRD/UNDESA, MoEFCC India, MOUD India and MOEJ, Japan. At the IconSWM 2017, researchers from more than 30 countries presented their work on Solid Waste Management. Divided into three volumes, this book shares their papers, which address various issues related to innovation and implementation in sustainable waste management, segregation, collection and transportation of waste, treatment technologies, policies and strategies, energy recovery, life cycle analysis, climate change, and research and business opportunities.
Book Synopsis The Science of Composting by : Marco de Bertoldi
Download or read book The Science of Composting written by Marco de Bertoldi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 1449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Union initially demonstrated its interest in waste in the late 70s with the progamme on Waste Recycling Research and Development. At that time composting was only present as a coordination activity and it was only later that specific research programmes in the area were within Europe which was largely instrumental in setting up a series of European conferences, seminars and work shops. Some of these have resulted in publications which have made significant contributions to developments in the understanding of composting and the use of composts. In particular the outputs from meetings in Oxford ( 1984), Udine (1986), Neresheim ( 1988) and Angers ( 1991) are worthy of note. Composting has seen significant changes since the 70s when the major thrust in Europe was using mixed municipal solid waste as a feed material. Many com posting plants which were built to use this material were closed due to the poor quality of the compost which made it very difficult to market. As a result the main areas of interest, as far as the municipa1ities are concemed, are now with biowaste and source-separated organics. This interest is apparent from the many new plants which are being constructed across Europe, and the ready market which exists for the products. In parallel with the renewed interest of the municipalities other areas, such as agriculture and the wastewater treatment industries, are also developing their own schemes.
Book Synopsis Compost Science and Technology by : L.F. Diaz
Download or read book Compost Science and Technology written by L.F. Diaz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-29 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composting is a widely used biological process for the management of some wastes produced in communities and agricultural activities, which have experienced substantial growth during the last few years. Because this and the knowledge of composting has increased, the number of composting facilities has increased tremendously, especially in some European countries. Interest has also increased in several countries in other regions of the world. Compost Science and Technology attempts to summarize some of the most important work conducted during the last few years under one cover. The contributions to the publication are made by some of the most qualified professionals in the world and present the information in a clear and objective manner. The readers will find the information very useful and will be helpful in the design of new facilities and organic recycling programs. The manager or interested member of the community does not have to have a rigorous training in science or technology. - Up-to-date contributions by some of the most knowledgeable and respected leaders in the field - Clear and objective presentations, which are arranged in such a way that it is not necessary to read the entire book - Information is supported by data, tables and references - Covers most important aspects of the process including a brief historical review - May be used by teachers as well as practicioners in the field
Book Synopsis Forced Aeration Composting of Solid Waste by : Quazi H. Bari
Download or read book Forced Aeration Composting of Solid Waste written by Quazi H. Bari and published by . This book was released on 2011-11 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking by : Hiroshan Hettiarachchi
Download or read book Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking written by Hiroshan Hettiarachchi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic waste composting is another excellent example to demonstrate the power and the benefits of nexus thinking. Even though organic waste composting itself is not a new topic, those who want to start a new project or align an ongoing project with nexus thinking, find it difficult to gather the necessary information. With nine case studies from four continents, this book aims to fill above gap in literature. While current literature on composting is often found to be limited to either soil/agriculture sector or waste management sector, this book presents a combined point of view. This open access book starts with an introductory chapter that describes the need to bring the waste management aspects and soil nutrient management aspects of compost production into one integrated theme. The relevance of nexus thinking and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are also presented in this introduction. The first three chapters after the introduction covers composting from the solid waste management and its policy aspects, taking examples from three developing countries. The next three examples are mostly about the benefits composting can provide to the soil and agriculture. These examples are also from three developing countries, but with a mixture of urban as well as rural settings. Last three chapters present more insight into the latest developments taking examples from Europe, as well as new methods adapted from the traditional styles from Africa.
Book Synopsis Science and Engineering of Composting by : Harry A. J. Hoitink
Download or read book Science and Engineering of Composting written by Harry A. J. Hoitink and published by Renaissance Publications. This book was released on 1993 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part I: Composting process: microbiology, engineering, systems and infrastructure; Part II: odor prevention and control: prevention and treatment; Part III: Pathogen destruction: worker and neighborhood impacts; Part IV: Biodegradation of organic pollutants during composting: pesticides, macromolecules and safety assessment; Part V: Heavy metals in composts: general considerations; Part VI: Compost maturity and stability; Part VII: Beneficial effects induced by composts; Part VIII: Economic considerations.
Book Synopsis Co-composting of solid waste and fecal sludge for nutrient and organic matter recovery by : Cofie, Olufunke
Download or read book Co-composting of solid waste and fecal sludge for nutrient and organic matter recovery written by Cofie, Olufunke and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological treatment, composting, in particular, is a relatively simple, durable and inexpensive alternative for stabilizing and reducing biodegradable waste. Co-composting of different waste sources allows to enhance the compost nutrient value. In particular, integration of ‘biosolids’ from the sanitation sector as potential input material for co-composting would provide a solution for the much needed treatment of fecal sludge from on-site sanitation systems, and make use of its high nutrient content. This research paper elaborates in detail the main parameters that govern the co-composting process as well as factors that control the production of a safe and valuable quality compost. It further explains technological options to tailor the final product to crop and farmer needs.
Book Synopsis Waste-Free Kitchen Handbook by : Dana Gunders
Download or read book Waste-Free Kitchen Handbook written by Dana Gunders and published by Chronicle Books. This book was released on 2015-09-29 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This “slim but indispensable new guide” offers “practical tips and delicious recipes that will help reduce kitchen waste and save money” (The Washington Post). Despite a growing awareness of food waste, many well-intentioned home cooks lack the tools to change their habits. This handbook—packed with engaging checklists, simple recipes, practical strategies, and educational infographics—is the ultimate tool for using more and wasting less in your kitchen. From a scientist at the Natural Resources Defense Council come these everyday techniques that call for minimal adjustments of habit, from shopping, portioning, and using a refrigerator properly to simple preservation methods including freezing, pickling, and cellaring. At once a good read and a go-to reference, this handy guide is chock-full of helpful facts and tips, including twenty “use-it-up” recipes and a substantial directory of common foods.
Book Synopsis American Composting Concepts by : Percy Harold McGauhey
Download or read book American Composting Concepts written by Percy Harold McGauhey and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Composting written by Epa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-02-03 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to aid decision-makers in planning, siting, designing, and operating composting facilities. It is also useful to citizens, regulators, consultants, and vendors interested in the composting of yard trimmings and municipal solid waste.
Book Synopsis Environmental and Health Impact of Solid Waste Management Activities by : R M Harrison
Download or read book Environmental and Health Impact of Solid Waste Management Activities written by R M Harrison and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid waste management issues are a highly emotive topic. Disposal costs need to be balanced against environmental impact, which often results in heated public debate. Disposal options such as incineration and landfill, whilst unpopular with both the public and environmental pressure groups, do not pose the same environmental and health risks as, for example, recycling plants. This book, written by international experts, discusses the various waste disposal options that are available (landfill, incineration, composting, recycling) and then reviews their impact on the environment, and particularly on human health. Comprehensive and highly topical, Environmental and Health Impact of Solid Waste Management Activities will make a strong contribution to scientific knowledge in the area, and will be of value to scientists and policy-makers in particular.
Book Synopsis The Science of Composting by : Eliot Epstein
Download or read book The Science of Composting written by Eliot Epstein and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FROM THE PREFACE The main objective of composting is to transform organic materials into a stable usable product. Often organic materials which may have limited beneficial use in their raw state or have regulatory disposal constraints can be transformed by composting into marketable products. The limits on beneficial reuse may be regulations or they may be due to the potential for materials to be putrescible or pathogenic. Composting can be a solution for each of these. The implementation of composting on a large scale (in contrast to home or backyard composting) involves materials handling. Technological implementation of composting must be consistent with the biological demand of the system. If the biological system is violated, conditions will not be optimized for composting, and problems such as odor generation, insufficient aeration or moisture, or a combination of these conditions may result. Past problems and closure of facilities have been largely due to violations of the biological systems. Product quality with respect to particle size, inclusions, moisture content and other physical aspects are a function of engineering design. A well designed system must have the biological and engineering principles in harmony at all times.
Book Synopsis Municipal Solid Waste Composting by : Cynthia C. Curtis
Download or read book Municipal Solid Waste Composting written by Cynthia C. Curtis and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Compost Utilization In Horticultural Cropping Systems by : Peter J. Stoffella
Download or read book Compost Utilization In Horticultural Cropping Systems written by Peter J. Stoffella and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-01-31 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the increased interest in and demands for compost from commercial horticultural industries, composting is on the verge of becoming an economically feasible option for waste management. While horticultural producers can create some of the compost to meet their own needs, demand has grown beyond what they can supply for themselves and others. Compost Utilization in Horticultural Cropping Systems gives you the tools to meet the needs of this growing industry. Consider these statistics: Americans generate about 200 million megagrams of municipal solid waste per year The agricultural market for compost could reach over 680 million m3 per year Two horticultural areas together account for over 50% of compost use: landscaping (31%) and food crop production (25%) Now consider this: Proven benefits of compost use, including plant disease suppression, better moisture retention, supplying plant nutrients, and building soil organic matter Increased pressure on peat supplies and wider availability of compost products Creation of composting enterprises by the horticultural industry in response to its own needs, rising disposal fees for organic waste, and consumer demand for compost at retail centers The first book to establish a composite of the existing scientific knowledge on the use of compost in commercial horticultural enterprises, Compost Utilization in Horticultural Cropping Systems gives you a comprehensive review of the production, use, and economics of compost. It covers production methods, compost quality and the parameters associated with its measurement, and the biological, chemical, and physical processes that occur during composting. Rather than searching for information in various places, now you can find all the information you need in one convenient source.
Book Synopsis Composting in the Classroom by : Nancy M. Trautmann
Download or read book Composting in the Classroom written by Nancy M. Trautmann and published by Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Promote inquiry-based learning and environmental responsibility at the same time. Composting in the Classroom is your comprehensive guide offering descriptions of a range of composting mechanisms, from tabletop soda bottles to outdoor bins. Activities vary in complexity -- you can use this as a whole unit, or pick and choose individual activities.
