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Effect Of Cropping Systems On Microbial Biomass Carbon And Nitrogen Dehydrogenase Activity And Fixed Ammonium In Soils
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Book Synopsis Effect of Cropping Systems on Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen, Dehydrogenase Activity, and Fixed Ammonium in Soils by : Jennifer Marie Moore
Download or read book Effect of Cropping Systems on Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen, Dehydrogenase Activity, and Fixed Ammonium in Soils written by Jennifer Marie Moore and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable agriculture, including cropping systems, has received considerable attention in recent years. Soil management practices may affect the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils, including microbial biomass C (C[subscript mic]), microbial biomass N (N[subscript mic]), enzyme activities, especially dehydrogenase activity, and (possibly) fixed NH4+. In this work, soil samples were collected in 1996 and 1997 from two long-term cropping systems at the Northeast Research Center (NERC) in Nashua and the Clarion-Webster Research Center (CWRC) in Kanawha, Iowa.
Book Synopsis Linking Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling to Plant-soil-microbial Interactions at the Field-, Soil Pedon-, and Micro-scales Within Long-term Conventional, Low-input, and Organic Cropping Systems by :
Download or read book Linking Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling to Plant-soil-microbial Interactions at the Field-, Soil Pedon-, and Micro-scales Within Long-term Conventional, Low-input, and Organic Cropping Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the greatly increased productive capacity of current-day cropping systems, the shortcomings associated with conventional, high-intensity cropping systems and the growing threat of global climate change, warrant the identification of crop management practices that promote long-term agricultural sustainability and productivity. Unlike conventional cropping practices, which include synthetic nitrogen and pesticide use, alternative crop management practices, e.g., cover cropping, tillage reduction, organic amendment additions, and reducing or eliminating synthetic fertilizer use, have emerged as integrated and ecologically sound approaches to enhance agroecosystem functioning and services. Yet, mechanisms governing the differences in soil quality and crop yields among alternative cropping systems and conventional systems remain unclear. The aim of this dissertation study was to understand and quantify the mechanisms governing the relationship between carbon and nitrogen cycling and the interactions between plants, soil, and microorganisms within long-term conventional (annual synthetic fertilizer), low-input (alternating synthetic fertilizer and cover crop additions), and organic (annual manure- and cover crop additions) cropping systems, at the field-, soil pedon-, and micro-scales. A multi-scaled approach, including agronomic experiments, stable isotopes (13C and 15N), soil fractionation techniques, and microbiological analyses (e.g., functional gene quantification and phospholipid fatty acid assays), was employed to study mechanisms of soil carbon and nitrogen stabilization and loss and to draw links between microbial populations and carbon and nitrogen processing across different agroecosystems. Data from this research only partly corroborated the global hypothesis: the effects of long-term, low-input crop management enhance microbial-mediated carbon and nitrogen turnover in different soil microenvironments and optimize the balance between carbon and nitrogen stabilization and loss compared to the conventional and organic cropping systems. Only a weak relationship between short-term microbial community structure and long-term carbon and nitrogen sequestration was found across the three cropping systems. The conclusion drawn is that the effects of long-term crop management are dictated by complex trade-offs between soil carbon and nitrogen stabilization, microbial abundance and activity, nitrogen losses, crop productivity, and the quantity and quality of carbon and nitrogen inputs in alternative cropping systems.
Book Synopsis Impacts of Cropping Systems on Soil Health and Microbial Ecology by : Korbla Edwin Akley
Download or read book Impacts of Cropping Systems on Soil Health and Microbial Ecology written by Korbla Edwin Akley and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Declining soil health is the underlying cause of decreasing agricultural productivity and environmental degradation. To address this challenge, research was conducted to determine how: (1) cover crops affect soil health in Kansas, USA and (2) direct seeding mulch-based cropping (DMC) systems affect soil health in Nyankpala, Ghana. Soil health indicators assessed include: biomass yield (kg ha−1), soil microbial respiration (SMR), soil microbial C and N (MBC & MBN), potentially mineralizable N (PMN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soil organic C (SOC), soil total nitrogen (TN), phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA), water stable aggregate (WSA), bulk density, pH, N, P, K, Ca and Mg. DMC systems from Ghana yielded significantly greater biomass compared to the control. High biomass produced by DMC systems did not increase SOC and PMN relative to the control. Fertilizer application had a significant impact on biomass production, which resulted in a significant increase in SOC and PMN in the 0-5 cm soil layer. Soil pH was significantly reduced by cropping systems and fertilizer in the 0-5 cm soil layer. Microbial biomass N, TN, SMR, N, P, Ca and Mg were not affected by the DMC cropping systems. Application of mineral fertilizer increased SMR, MBN, TN, N, and P. Soil K was also significantly affected by cropping systems and mineral fertilizer. The combination of mineral fertilizer and plant residues would be needed to improve soil health and increase crop productivity in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana. Liming would be required to address low soil pH. In the USA, of all the soil health indicators examined, actinomycetes, gram-positive bacteria, fungi-bacteria ratio (F:B), SMR, MBN and WSA, were those significantly influenced by cover crops. The interactive effect of cover cops and N fertilizer also affected gram-positive bacteria, total PLFA, MBN, F:B ratio and WSA. Cover crop residues contributed to the observed differences in these indicators. The low response of soil health indicators suggest further evaluations are needed to determine the effectiveness of the indicators.
Book Synopsis Soil Organic Matter and Biological Activity by : D. Vaughan
Download or read book Soil Organic Matter and Biological Activity written by D. Vaughan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has long been recognized that soil organic matter is the key to soil fertility. As a nutrient store it gradually provides essential elements which the soil cannot retain for long in inorganic form. It buffers growing plants against sudden changes in their chemical environment and preserves moisture in times of drought. It keeps the soil in a friable, easily penetrated physical condition, well-aerated and free draining, providing young seedlings with an excellent medium for growth. But it has another property, the nature and extent of which have been the subject of argu ment and controversy ever since scientists began to study the soil, and that is its ability to affect growth directly, other than by providing nutrient elements. Any one wishing to learn about these effects has been faced with a daunting mass of literature, some confusing, often contradictory, and spread through a multitude of journals. Individual aspects have been covered from time to time in reviews but there has obviously been a need for a modern authoritative text book dealing with the many facets of this subject, so the publication of this volume is timely. The editors and authors are all specialists in their fields, fully familiar with the com plex nature of soil organic matter and with the particular difficulties arising in any study of its properties. Where controversies exist they have presented all sides of the argument and have highlighted areas where further work is badly needed.
Book Synopsis Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Fractions, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity in Temperate Alley Cropping Systems by : Nancy Wangari Mungai
Download or read book Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Fractions, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity in Temperate Alley Cropping Systems written by Nancy Wangari Mungai and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental concerns over the effects of global warming and the long-term sustainability of conventional agricultural production has stimulated the search for alternative agroecosystems, such as alley cropping, which may lead to greater carbon sequestration and improved soil fertility. Differences in litter composition between crop and tree litter, and microclimate modifications in alley cropping systems may introduce spatial variation in soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) fractions and soil microbial properties. The objectives of this study were: (1) to assess the effects of litter quality, soil properties and microclimate differences on soil C and N mineralization in established alley cropping systems; (2) to determine the spatial variability of soil C and N fractions in these systems; and (3) to evaluate the effects of these systems on spatial differences in soil microbial activity and functional diversity. To address the first objective, microcosm and litterbag experiments were conducted in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Bulk soils were collected from the 0-20 cm depth at three sites: a 21-yr old pecan (Carya illinoinensis)/bluegrass (Poa trivials) intercrop (Pecan site) in north-central Missouri, a 12-yr old silver maple (Acer saccharinum)/soybean (Glycine max) - maize (Zea mays) rotation (Maple site) in northeastern Missouri and a warm season grass restored prairie (MDC site) in southwestern Missouri. Seven litters with varying composition were collected including pecan, silver maple, chestnut and walnut leaf litter (tree litter) and maize, soybean and bluegrass hay residues (crop litter). Aerobic microcosm incubations were maintained at 25°C and a soil water potential of -47 kPa. Crop litter had a narrow C: N ratio (
Download or read book Cropping Systems written by Anil Shrestha and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-02-13 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn the fundamentals as well as in-depth details of agricultural cropping systems from around the globe! Cropping Systems: Trends and Advances is a comprehensive review of past and present research efforts in North America and other parts of the world. It brings together biological, economic, sociological, and technical aspects of cropping systems in a single source to provide a reference unlike any other on the subject that is available today. This valuable book also points to future directions that cropping systems research needs to take in order to increase sustainable agriculture and feed the growing world population. Charts, tables, and illustrations make the information easy to access and understand. An ideal textbook for graduate and undergraduate courses in agronomy as well as a comprehensive reference for professionals involved in cropping systems research, Cropping Systems: Trends and Advances is a book you’ll refer to again and again. Topics covered in this well-referenced and thoughtfully indexed book include: emerging trends in cropping systems research designing resource-efficient cropping systems soil quality and fertility tillage root dynamics water quality concerns nitrogen use efficiency precision agriculture agricultural biotechnology weed biology and management integrated pest management the important role that cover crops can play key indicators for assessing nitrogen use efficiency in cereal-based agroecosystems the implications of elevated carbon dioxide-induced changes in agroecosystem productivity and a great deal more!
Book Synopsis Soil Microbial Dynamics and Nitrogen Availability in Organic, Low Input and Conventional Cropping Systems by : Nirmala Gunapala
Download or read book Soil Microbial Dynamics and Nitrogen Availability in Organic, Low Input and Conventional Cropping Systems written by Nirmala Gunapala and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Carbon, Nitrogen and Aggregation Dynamics in Low-input and Reduced Tillage Cropping Systems by : Diana Beth Friedman
Download or read book Carbon, Nitrogen and Aggregation Dynamics in Low-input and Reduced Tillage Cropping Systems written by Diana Beth Friedman and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agronomy Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes abstracts of the annual meetings of the American Society of Agronomy; Soil Science Society of America; Crop Science Society of America ( - of its Agronomic Education Division).
Book Synopsis Sustainable Cropping Systems by : Jeffrey A. Coulter
Download or read book Sustainable Cropping Systems written by Jeffrey A. Coulter and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-21 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global crop production must substantially increase to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population. This is constrained by the availability of nutrients, water, and land. There is also an urgent need to reduce the negative environmental impacts of crop production. Collectively, these issues represent one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. Sustainable cropping systems based on ecological principles are the core of integrated approaches to solve this critical challenge. This special issue provides an international basis for revealing the underlying mechanisms of sustainable cropping systems to drive agronomic innovations. It includes review and original research articles that report novel scientific findings on improvement in cropping systems related to crop yields and their resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, resource use efficiency, environmental impact, sustainability, and ecosystem services.
Book Synopsis Managing Cropping Systems to Enhance the Active Soil Nitrogen Pool and Control Its Mineralization by : Jose E. Sanchez
Download or read book Managing Cropping Systems to Enhance the Active Soil Nitrogen Pool and Control Its Mineralization written by Jose E. Sanchez and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Soil Microbial Community, Soil Aggregation and Cropping System by : Sabine Caniquitte
Download or read book Soil Microbial Community, Soil Aggregation and Cropping System written by Sabine Caniquitte and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil by : Rahul Datta
Download or read book Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil written by Rahul Datta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several textbooks and edited volumes are currently available on general soil fertility but‚ to date‚ none have been dedicated to the study of “Sustainable Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil.” Yet this aspect is extremely important, considering the fact that the soil, as the ‘epidermis of the Earth’ (geodermis)‚ is a major component of the terrestrial biosphere. This book addresses virtually every aspect of C and N cycling, including: general concepts on the diversity of microorganisms and management practices for soil, the function of soil’s structure-function-ecosystem, the evolving role of C and N, cutting-edge methods used in soil microbial ecological studies, rhizosphere microflora, the role of organic matter (OM) in agricultural productivity, C and N transformation in soil, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and its genetics, plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), PGPRs and their role in sustainable agriculture, organic agriculture, etc. The book’s main objectives are: (1) to explain in detail the role of C and N cycling in sustaining agricultural productivity and its importance to sustainable soil management; (2) to show readers how to restore soil health with C and N; and (3) to help them understand the matching of C and N cycling rules from a climatic perspective. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for educators, researchers, and policymakers, as well as undergraduate and graduate students of soil science, soil microbiology, agronomy, ecology, and the environmental sciences. Gathering cutting-edge contributions from internationally respected researchers, it offers authoritative content on a broad range of topics, which is supplemented by a wealth of data, tables, figures, and photographs. Moreover, it provides a roadmap for sustainable approaches to food and nutritional security, and to soil sustainability in agricultural systems, based on C and N cycling in soil systems.
Book Synopsis Commencement by : Iowa State University
Download or read book Commencement written by Iowa State University and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plant Competition in Cropping Systems by : Daniel Dunea
Download or read book Plant Competition in Cropping Systems written by Daniel Dunea and published by . This book was released on 2018-10-31 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sustainable Dryland Cropping in Relation to Soil Productivity by : C. J. Pearson
Download or read book Sustainable Dryland Cropping in Relation to Soil Productivity written by C. J. Pearson and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1995 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microbiological Methods for Assessing Soil Quality by : Jaap Bloem
Download or read book Microbiological Methods for Assessing Soil Quality written by Jaap Bloem and published by CABI. This book was released on 2005-12-20 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a selection of microbiological methods which are applicable or already applied in regional or national soil quality monitoring programmes. An overview is given of approaches to monitoring, evaluating and managing soil quality (Part I), followed by a selection of methods which are described in sufficient detail to use the book as a practical handbook in the laboratory (Part II). Finally a census is given of the main methods used in over 30 European laboratories. The book is aimed at different levels: soil scientists, technicians, policy makers, land managers and students.
