Effect Of Composition And Temperature On The Properties Of High Level Waste Hlw Glasses Melting Above 1200degreesc Draft

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Effect of Composition and Temperature on the Properties of High-Level Waste (HLW) Glasses Melting Above 1200[degrees]C (Draft).

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Book Synopsis Effect of Composition and Temperature on the Properties of High-Level Waste (HLW) Glasses Melting Above 1200[degrees]C (Draft). by :

Download or read book Effect of Composition and Temperature on the Properties of High-Level Waste (HLW) Glasses Melting Above 1200[degrees]C (Draft). written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing the melting temperature of HLW glass allows an increase of waste loading (thus reducing product volume) and the production of more durable glasses at a faster melting rate. However, HLW glasses that melt at high temperatures differ in composition from glasses formulated for low temperature ([approximately]1150[degree]C). Consequently, the composition of high-temperature glasses falls in a region previously not well tested or understood. This report represents a preliminary study of property/composition relationships of high-temperature Hanford HLW glasses using a one-component-at-a-time change approach. A test matrix has been designed to explore a composition region expected for high-temperature high-waste loading HLW glasses to be produced at Hanford. This matrix was designed by varying several key components (SiO[sub 2], B[sub 2]O[sub 3], Na[sub 2]O, Li[sub 2]O, Fe[sub 2]O[sub 3], Al[sub 2]O[sub 3], ZrO[sub 2], Bi[sub 2]O[sub 3], P[sub 2]O[sub 5], UO[sub 2], TiO[sub 2], Cr[sub 2]O[sub 3], and others) starting from a glass based on a Hanford HLW all-blend waste. Glasses were fabricated and tested for viscosity, glass transition temperature, electrical conductivity, crystallinity, liquidus temperature, and PCT release. The effect of individual components on glass properties was assessed using first- and second- order empirical models. The first-order component effects were compared with those from low-temperature HLW glasses.

Effect of Composition and Temperature on the Properties of High-Level Waste (HLW) Glasses Melting Above 1200°C (Draft).

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Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (871 download)

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Book Synopsis Effect of Composition and Temperature on the Properties of High-Level Waste (HLW) Glasses Melting Above 1200°C (Draft). by :

Download or read book Effect of Composition and Temperature on the Properties of High-Level Waste (HLW) Glasses Melting Above 1200°C (Draft). written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Property/composition Relationships for Hanford High-level Waste Glasses Melting at 115°C Volume 1

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Property/composition Relationships for Hanford High-level Waste Glasses Melting at 115°C Volume 1 by :

Download or read book Property/composition Relationships for Hanford High-level Waste Glasses Melting at 115°C Volume 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Composition Variation study (CVS) is being performed within the Pacific Northwest Laboratory Vitrification Technology Development (PVTD) project in support of a future high-level nuclear waste vitrification plant at the Hanford site in Washington. From 1989 to 1994, over 120 nonradioactive glasses were melted and properties measured in five statistically-designed experimental phases. Glass composition is represented by the 10 components SiO2, B2O3, Al2O3, Fe2O3, ZrO2, Na2O, Li2O, CaO, MgO, and Others (all remaining components). The properties measured include viscosity ([eta]), electrical conductivity ([epsilon]), glass transition temperature (T{sub g}), thermal expansion of solid glass ([alpha]{sub s}) and molten glass ([alpha]{sub m}), crystallinity (quenched and canister centerline cooled glasses), liquidus temperature (T{sub L}), durability based on normalized elemental releases from the Materials Characterization Center-1 28-day dissolution test (MCC-1, r{sub mi}) and the 7-day Product Consistency Test (PCT, r{sub pi}), and solution pHs from MCC-1 and PCT. Amorphous phase separation was also evaluated. Empirical first- and second-order mixture models were fit using the CVS data to relate the various properties to glass composition. Equations for calculating the uncertainty associated with property values predicted by the models were also developed. The models were validated using both internal and external data. Other modeling approaches (e.g., non-bridging oxygen, free energy of hydration, phase-equilibria T{sub L}) were investigated for specific properties. A preliminary Qualified Composition Region was developed to identify glass compositions with high confidence of being processable in a melter and meeting waste form acceptance criteria.

Property/composition Relationships for Hanford High-level Waste Glasses Melting at 1150[degrees]C Volume 2: Chapters 12-16 and Appendices A-K.

Download Property/composition Relationships for Hanford High-level Waste Glasses Melting at 1150[degrees]C Volume 2: Chapters 12-16 and Appendices A-K. PDF Online Free

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Book Synopsis Property/composition Relationships for Hanford High-level Waste Glasses Melting at 1150[degrees]C Volume 2: Chapters 12-16 and Appendices A-K. by :

Download or read book Property/composition Relationships for Hanford High-level Waste Glasses Melting at 1150[degrees]C Volume 2: Chapters 12-16 and Appendices A-K. written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Composition Variation Study (CVS) is being performed within the Pacific Northwest Laboratory Vitrification Technology Development (PVTD) project in support of a future high-level nuclear waste vitrification plant at the Hanford site in Washington. From 1989 to 1994, over 120 nonradioactive glasses were melted and properties measured in five statistically-designed experimental phases. Glass composition is represented by the 10 components SiO[sub 2], B[sub 2]O[sub 3], ZrO[sub 2], Na[sub 2]O, Li[sub 2]O, CaO, MgO, and Others (all remaining components). The properties measured include viscosity ([eta]), electrical conductivity ([epsilon]), glass transition temperature (T[sub g]), thermal expansion of solid glass ([alpha][sub s]) and molten glass ([alpha][sub m]), crystallinity (quenched and canister centerline cooled glasses), liquidus temperature (T[sub L]), durability based on normalized elemental releases from the Materials Characterization Center-1 28-day dissolution test (MCC-1, r[sub mi]) and the 7-day Product Consistency Test (PCT, r[sub pi]), and solution pHs from MCC-1 and PCT. Amorphous phase separation was also evaluated. Empirical first- and second-order mixture models were fit using the CVS data to relate the various properties to glass composition. Equations for calculating the uncertainty associated with property values predicted by the models were also developed. The models were validated using both internal and external data. Other modeling approaches (e.g., non-bridging oxygen, free energy of hydration, phase-equilibria T[sub L]) were investigated for specific properties. A preliminary Qualified Composition Region was developed to identify glass compositions with high confidence of being processable in a melter and meeting waste form acceptance criteria.

The Effect of Vitrification Technology on Waste Loading

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effect of Vitrification Technology on Waste Loading by :

Download or read book The Effect of Vitrification Technology on Waste Loading written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioactive wastes on the Hanford Site are going to be permanently disposed of by incorporation into a durable glass. These wastes will be separated into low and high-level portions, and then vitrified. The low-level waste (LLW) is water soluble. Its vitrifiable part (other than off-gas) contains approximately 80 wt% Na2O, the rest being Al2O3, P2O5, K2O, and minor components. The challenge is to formulate durable LLW glasses with as high Na2O content as possible by optimizing the additions of SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, and ZrO2. This task will not be simple, considering the non-linear and interactive nature of glass properties as a function of composition. Once developed, the LLW glass, being similar in composition to commercial glasses, is unlikely to cause major processing problems, such as crystallization or molten salt segregation. For example, inexpensive LLW glass can be produced in a high-capacity Joule-heated melter with a cold cap to minimize volatilization. The high-level waste (HLW) consists of water-insoluble sludge (Fe2O3, Al2O3, ZrO2, Cr2O3, NiO, and others) and a substantial water-soluble residue (Na2O). Most of the water-insoluble components are refractory; i.e., their melting points are above the glass melting temperature. With regard to product acceptability, the maximum loading of Hanford HLW in the glass is limited by product durability, not by radiolytic heat generation. However, this maximum may not be achievable because of technological constraints imposed by melter feed rheology, frit properties, and glass melter limits. These restrictions are discussed in this paper. 38 refs.

Glass as a Waste Form and Vitrification Technology

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309056829
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Glass as a Waste Form and Vitrification Technology by : National Research Council

Download or read book Glass as a Waste Form and Vitrification Technology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-03-02 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Final Report - Melt Rate Enhancement for High Aluminum HLW Glass Formulation, VSL-08R1360-1, Rev. 0, Dated 12/19/08

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Final Report - Melt Rate Enhancement for High Aluminum HLW Glass Formulation, VSL-08R1360-1, Rev. 0, Dated 12/19/08 by :

Download or read book Final Report - Melt Rate Enhancement for High Aluminum HLW Glass Formulation, VSL-08R1360-1, Rev. 0, Dated 12/19/08 written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal objective of the work reported here was to develop and identify HLW glass compositions that maximize waste processing rates for the aluminum limted waste composition specified by ORP while maintaining high waste loadings and acceptable glass properties. This was accomplished through a combination of crucible-scale tests, confirmation tests on the DM100 melter system, and demonstration at pilot scale (DM1200). The DM100-BL unit was selected for these tests since it was used previously with the HLW waste streams evaluated in this study, was used for tests on HLW glass compositions to support subsequent tests on the HLW Pilot Melter, conduct tests to determine the effect of various glass properties (viscosity and conductivity) and oxide concentrations on glass production rates with HLW feed streams, and to assess the volatility of cesium and technetium during the vitrification of an HLW AZ-102 composition. The same melter was selected for the present tests in order to maintain comparisons between the previously collected data. These tests provide information on melter processing characteristics and off-gas data, including formation of secondary phases and partitioning. Once DM100 tests were completed, one of the compositions was selected for further testing on the DM1200; the DM1200 system has been used for processing a variety of simulated Hanford waste streams. Tests on the larger melter provide processing data at one third of the scale of the actual WTP HLW melter and, therefore, provide a more accurate and reliable assessment of production rates and potential processing issues. The work focused on maximizing waste processing rates for high aluminum HLW compositions. In view of the diversity of forms of aluminum in the Hanford tanks, tests were also conducted on the DM100 to determine the effect of changes in the form of aluminum on feed properties and production rate. In addition, the work evaluated the effect on production rate of modest increases in melter operating temperature. Glass composition development was based on one of the HLW waste compositions specified by ORP that has a high concentration of aluminum. Small-scale tests were used to provide an initial screening of various glass formulations with respect to melt rates; more definitive screening was provided by the subsequent DM100 tests. Glass properties evaluated included: viscosity, electrical conductivity, crystallinity, gross glass phase separation and the 7- day Product Consistency Test (ASTM-1285). Glass property limits were based upon the reference properties for the WTP HLW melter. However, the WTP crystallinity limit (

INIS Atomindex

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 730 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis INIS Atomindex by :

Download or read book INIS Atomindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Final Report - Crystal Settling, Redox, and High Temperature Properties of ORP HLW and LAW Glasses, VSL-09R1510-1, Rev. 0, Dated 6/18/09

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Final Report - Crystal Settling, Redox, and High Temperature Properties of ORP HLW and LAW Glasses, VSL-09R1510-1, Rev. 0, Dated 6/18/09 by :

Download or read book Final Report - Crystal Settling, Redox, and High Temperature Properties of ORP HLW and LAW Glasses, VSL-09R1510-1, Rev. 0, Dated 6/18/09 written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The radioactive tank waste treatment programs at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) have featured joule heated ceramic melter technology for the vitrification of high level waste (HLW). The Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) employs this same basic technology not only for the vitrification of HLW streams but also for the vitrification of Low Activity Waste (LAW) streams. Because of the much greater throughput rates required of the WTP as compared to the vitrification facilities at the West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP) or the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF), the WTP employs advanced joule heated melters with forced mixing of the glass pool (bubblers) to improve heat and mass transport and increase melting rates. However, for both HLW and LAW treatment, the ability to increase waste loadings offers the potential to significantly reduce the amount of glass that must be produced and disposed and, therefore, the overall project costs. This report presents the results from a study to investigate several glass property issues related to WTP HLW and LAW vitrification: crystal formation and settling in selected HLW glasses; redox behavior of vanadium and chromium in selected LAW glasses; and key high temperature thermal properties of representative HLW and LAW glasses. The work was conducted according to Test Plans that were prepared for the HLW and LAW scope, respectively. One part of this work thus addresses some of the possible detrimental effects due to considerably higher crystal content in waste glass melts and, in particular, the impact of high crystal contents on the flow property of the glass melt and the settling rate of representative crystalline phases in an environment similar to that of an idling glass melter. Characterization of vanadium redox shifts in representative WTP LAW glasses is the second focal point of this work. The third part of this work focused on key high temperature thermal properties of representative WTP HLW and LAW glasses over a wide range of temperatures, from the melter operating temperature to the glass transition.

Properties of Glass-Forming Melts

Author : David Pye
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 142002731X
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Properties of Glass-Forming Melts by : David Pye

Download or read book Properties of Glass-Forming Melts written by David Pye and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-05-12 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents state-of-the-art information concerning properties and processes involved in glass melts. Based upon contributions by renowned authors and scientists working with glass melt systems, Properties of Glass-Forming Melts is an excellent compilation of the current knowledge on property data, mechanisms, measurement techniques, and str

TESTS WITH HIGH-BISMUTH HLW GLASSES FINAL REPORT VSL-10R1780-1 REV 0 12

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ISBN 13 :
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Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis TESTS WITH HIGH-BISMUTH HLW GLASSES FINAL REPORT VSL-10R1780-1 REV 0 12 by :

Download or read book TESTS WITH HIGH-BISMUTH HLW GLASSES FINAL REPORT VSL-10R1780-1 REV 0 12 written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Final Report describes the testing of glass formulations developed for Hanford High Level Waste (HLW) containing high concentrations of bismuth. In previous work on high-bismuth HLW streams specified by the Office of River Protection (ORP), fully compliant, high waste loading compositions were developed and subjected to melter testing on the DM100 vitrification system. However, during heat treatment according to the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) HLW canister centerline cooling (CCC) curves, crucible melts of the high-bismuth glasses were observed to foam. Clearly, such an occurrence during cooling of actual HLW canisters would be highly undesirable. Accordingly, the present work involves larger-scale testing to determine whether this effect occurs under more prototypical conditions, as well as crucible-scale tests to determine the causes and potentially remediate the observed foaming behavior. The work included preparation and characterization of crucible melts designed to determine the underlying causes of the foaming behavior as well as to assess potential mitigation strategies. Testing was also conducted on the DM1200 HLW Pilot melter with a composition previously tested on the DM100 and shown to foam during crucible-scale CCC heat treatment. The DM1200 tests evaluated foaming of glasses over a range of bismuth concentrations poured into temperature-controlled, 55-gallon drums which have a diameter that is close to that of the full-scale WTP HLW canisters. In addition, the DM1200 tests provided the first large-scale melter test data on high-bismuth WTP HLW compositions, including information on processing rates, cold cap behavior and off-gas characteristics, and data from this waste composition on the prototypical DM1200 off-gas treatment system. This work builds on previous work performed at the Vitreous State Laboratory (VSL) for ORP on the same waste composition. The scope of this study was outlined in a Test Plan that was prepared in response to an ORP-supplied statement of work. The present glass formulation and melter testing work was aimed at one of the four waste streams previously specified by the Office of River Protection (ORP). Such testing supports the ORP basis for projection of the amount of Immobilized High Level Waste (IHLW) to be produced at Hanford and evaluation of the likely potential for future enhancements of the WTP over and above the present well-developed baseline. It should be noted that the compositions of the four ORP-specified waste streams differ significantly from those of the feed tanks (AZ-101, AZ-102, C-16/AY-102, and C-104/AY-101) that have been the focus of the extensive technology development and design work performed for the WTP baseline. In this regard, the work on the ORP-specified compositions is complementary to and necessarily of a more exploratory nature than the work in support of the current WTP baseline.

High Temperature Glass Melt Property Database for Process Modeling

Author : Thomas P. Seward
Publisher : Wiley-American Ceramic Society
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis High Temperature Glass Melt Property Database for Process Modeling by : Thomas P. Seward

Download or read book High Temperature Glass Melt Property Database for Process Modeling written by Thomas P. Seward and published by Wiley-American Ceramic Society. This book was released on 2005-09 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the result of a study to develop a high-temperature melt properties database with sufficient comprehensiveness and reliability to allow mathematical modeling of glass melting and forming processes for improved product quality, improved efficiency and lessened environmental impact. The study was initiated by the U.S. glass industry through the National Science Foundation Industry/University Center for Glass Research at Alfred University (CGR) and funded in part by a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy's Industrial Technologies Program.

Property/composition Relationships for Hanford High-level Waste Glasses Melting at 1150°C Volume 2

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Property/composition Relationships for Hanford High-level Waste Glasses Melting at 1150°C Volume 2 by :

Download or read book Property/composition Relationships for Hanford High-level Waste Glasses Melting at 1150°C Volume 2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Composition Variation Study (CVS) is being performed within the Pacific Northwest Laboratory Vitrification Technology Development (PVTD) project in support of a future high-level nuclear waste vitrification plant at the Hanford site in Washington. From 1989 to 1994, over 120 nonradioactive glasses were melted and properties measured in five statistically-designed experimental phases. Glass composition is represented by the 10 components SiO2, B2O3, ZrO2, Na2O, Li2O, CaO, MgO, and Others (all remaining components). The properties measured include viscosity ([eta]), electrical conductivity ([epsilon]), glass transition temperature (T{sub g}), thermal expansion of solid glass ([alpha]{sub s}) and molten glass ([alpha]{sub m}), crystallinity (quenched and canister centerline cooled glasses), liquidus temperature (T{sub L}), durability based on normalized elemental releases from the Materials Characterization Center-1 28-day dissolution test (MCC-1, r{sub mi}) and the 7-day Product Consistency Test (PCT, r{sub pi}), and solution pHs from MCC-1 and PCT. Amorphous phase separation was also evaluated. Empirical first- and second-order mixture models were fit using the CVS data to relate the various properties to glass composition. Equations for calculating the uncertainty associated with property values predicted by the models were also developed. The models were validated using both internal and external data. Other modeling approaches (e.g., non-bridging oxygen, free energy of hydration, phase-equilibria T{sub L}) were investigated for specific properties. A preliminary Qualified Composition Region was developed to identify glass compositions with high confidence of being processable in a melter and meeting waste form acceptance criteria.

Development of Crystal-Tolerant High-Level Waste Glasses

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Download or read book Development of Crystal-Tolerant High-Level Waste Glasses written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty five glasses were formulated. They were batched from HLW AZ-101 simulant or raw chemicals and melted and tested with a series of tests to elucidate the effect of spinel-forming components (Ni, Fe, Cr, Mn, and Zn), Al, and noble metals (Rh2O3 and RuO2) on the accumulation rate of spinel crystals in the glass discharge riser of the high-level waste (HLW) melter. In addition, the processing properties of glasses, such as the viscosity and TL, were measured as a function of temperature and composition. Furthermore, the settling of spinel crystals in transparent low-viscosity fluids was studied at room temperature to access the shape factor and hindered settling coefficient of spinel crystals in the Stokes equation. The experimental results suggest that Ni is the most troublesome component of all the studied spinel-forming components producing settling layers of up to 10.5 mm in just 20 days in Ni-rich glasses if noble metals or a higher concentration of Fe was not introduced in the glass. The layer of this thickness can potentially plug the bottom of the riser, preventing glass from being discharged from the melter. The noble metals, Fe, and Al were the components that significantly slowed down or stopped the accumulation of spinel at the bottom. Particles of Rh2O3 and RuO2, hematite and nepheline, acted as nucleation sites significantly increasing the number of crystals and therefore decreasing the average crystal size. The settling rate of ≤10-?m crystal size around the settling velocity of crystals was too low to produce thick layers. The experimental data for the thickness of settled layers in the glasses prepared from AZ-101 simulant were used to build a linear empirical model that can predict crystal accumulation in the riser of the melter as a function of concentration of spinel-forming components in glass. The developed model predicts the thicknesses of accumulated layers quite well, R2 = 0.985, and can be become an efficient tool for the formulation of the crystal-tolerant HLW glasses for higher waste loading. A physical modeling effort revealed that the Stokes and Richardson-Zaki equations can be used to adequately predict the accumulation rate of spinel crystals of different sizes and concentrations in the glass discharge riser of HLW melters. The determined shape factor for the glass beads was only 0.73% lower than the theoretical shape factor for a perfect sphere. The shape factor for the spinel crystals matched the theoretically predicted value to within 10% and was smaller than that of the beads, given the larger drag force caused by the larger surface area-to-volume ratio of the octahedral crystals. In the hindered settling experiments, both the glass bead and spinel suspensions were found to follow the predictions of the Richardson-Zaki equation with the exponent n = 3.6 and 2.9 for glass beads and spinel crystals, respectively.

HIGH LEVEL WASTE (HLW) VITRIFICATION EXPERIENCE IN THE US

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis HIGH LEVEL WASTE (HLW) VITRIFICATION EXPERIENCE IN THE US by :

Download or read book HIGH LEVEL WASTE (HLW) VITRIFICATION EXPERIENCE IN THE US written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vitrification is currently the most widely used technology for the treatment of high level radioactive wastes (HLW) throughout the world. At the Savannah River Site (SRS) actual HLW tank waste has successfully been processed to stringent product and process constraints without any rework into a stable borosilicate glass waste since 1996. A unique 'feed forward' statistical process control (SPC) has been used rather than statistical quality control (SQC). In SPC, the feed composition to the melter is controlled prior to vitrification. In SQC, the glass product is sampled after it is vitrified. Individual glass property models form the basis for the 'feed forward' SPC. The property models transform constraints on the melt and glass properties into constraints on the feed composition. The property models are mechanistic and depend on glass bonding/structure, thermodynamics, quasicrystalline melt species, and/or electron transfers. The mechanistic models have been validated over composition regions well outside of the regions for which they were developed because they are mechanistic. Mechanistic models allow accurate extension to radioactive and hazardous waste melts well outside the composition boundaries for which they were developed.

MELT RATE ENHANCEMENT FOR HIGH ALUMINUM HLW (HIGH LEVEL WASTE) GLASS FORMULATION FINAL REPORT 08R1360-1

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis MELT RATE ENHANCEMENT FOR HIGH ALUMINUM HLW (HIGH LEVEL WASTE) GLASS FORMULATION FINAL REPORT 08R1360-1 by :

Download or read book MELT RATE ENHANCEMENT FOR HIGH ALUMINUM HLW (HIGH LEVEL WASTE) GLASS FORMULATION FINAL REPORT 08R1360-1 written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the development and testing of new glass formulations for high aluminum waste streams that achieve high waste loadings while maintaining high processing rates. The testing was based on the compositions of Hanford High Level Waste (HLW) with limiting concentrations of aluminum specified by the Office of River Protection (ORP). The testing identified glass formulations that optimize waste loading and waste processing rate while meeting all processing and product quality requirements. The work included preparation and characterization of crucible melts and small scale melt rate screening tests. The results were used to select compositions for subsequent testing in a DuraMelter 100 (DM100) system. These tests were used to determine processing rates for the selected formulations as well as to examine the effects of increased glass processing temperature, and the form of aluminum in the waste simulant. Finally, one of the formulations was selected for large-scale confirmatory testing on the HLW Pilot Melter (DM1200), which is a one third scale prototype of the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) HLW melter and off-gas treatment system. This work builds on previous work performed at the Vitreous State Laboratory (VSL) for Department of Energy (DOE) to increase waste loading and processing rates for high-iron HLW waste streams as well as previous tests conducted for ORP on the same high-aluminum waste composition used in the present work and other Hanford HLW compositions. The scope of this study was outlined in a Test Plan that was prepared in response to an ORP-supplied statement of work. It is currently estimated that the number of HLW canisters to be produced in the WTP is about 13,500 (equivalent to 40,500 MT glass). This estimate is based upon the inventory of the tank wastes, the anticipated performance of the sludge treatment processes, and current understanding of the capability of the borosilicate glass waste form. The WTP HLW melter design, unlike earlier DOE melter designs, incorporates an active glass bubbler system. The bubblers create active glass pool convection and thereby improve heat transfer and glass melting rate. The WTP HLW melter has a glass surface area of 3.75 m2 and depth of (almost equal to)1.1 m. The two melters in the HLW facility together are designed to produce up to 7.5 MT of glass per day at 100% availability. Further increases in HLW waste processing rates can potentially be achieved by increasing the melter operating temperature above 1150 C and by increasing the waste loading in the glass product. Increasing the waste loading also has the added benefit of decreasing the number of canisters for storage. The current estimates and glass formulation efforts have been conservative in terms of achievable waste loadings. These formulations have been specified to ensure that the glasses are homogenous, contain essentially no crystalline phases, are processable in joule-heated, ceramic-lined melters and meet WTP Contract terms. The WTP's overall mission will require the immobilization of tank waste compositions that are dominated by mixtures of aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), bismuth (Bi), iron (Fe), phosphorous (P), zirconium (Zr), and sulfur (S) compounds as waste-limiting components. Glass compositions for these waste mixtures have been developed based upon previous experience and current glass property models. Recently, DOE has initiated a testing program to develop and characterize HLW glasses with higher waste loadings. Results of this work have demonstrated the feasibility of increases in wasteloading from about 25 wt% to 33-50 wt% (based on oxide loading) in the glass depending on the waste stream. It is expected that these higher waste loading glasses will reduce the HLW canister production requirement by about 25% or more.

Properties and Characteristics of High-level Waste Glass

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Properties and Characteristics of High-level Waste Glass by :

Download or read book Properties and Characteristics of High-level Waste Glass written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper has briefly reviewed many of the characteristics and properties of high-level waste glasses. From this review, it can be noted that glass has many desirable properties for solidification of high-level wastes. The most important of these include: (1) its low leach rate; (2) the ability to tolerate large changes in waste composition; (3) the tolerance of anticipated storage temperatures; (4) its low surface area even after thermal shock or impact.