Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles, Second Edition

Download Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles, Second Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420064177
Total Pages : 944 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles, Second Edition by : Donald W. Sparling

Download or read book Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles, Second Edition written by Donald W. Sparling and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-06-02 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on the success of its popular predecessor, the second edition of Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles presents newly available findings on the species that are important environmental indicators. This new edition covers nearly twice as many topics as the first, including recent developments in the ecotoxicology of amphibians and reptiles, the current status of these animals, and intrinsic factors that affect their susceptibility to contaminants. The book also provides the latest information on specific groups of contaminants and their effects and body burdens in herpetafauna. After a review of how contaminants interact with other ecological factors, the text explores concerns for the future. New in the second edition: New research on the effects of pesticides, heavy metals, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and UVB Increased focus on the effects of contaminants rather than merely reporting residue information A synthesis of information on atrazine and its effects on gonads at low concentrations Coverage of the potentially alarming new cadre of chemicals that have recently or are about to come on the market for which there is very little or no information Important advances in surveying and monitoring One of the major factors behind the writing of the first edition was the worldwide phenomenon of declining amphibian populations. Although this decline has not abated, the breadth of research into its causes has expanded significantly. With chapter contributors carefully selected by the team of editors as leaders in their fields, this book provides an authoritative compendium of the most recent information on effects and residues coupled with a syntheses of what these numbers mean to science and policy.

RATL [electronic Resource] : a Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Download RATL [electronic Resource] : a Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : [Hull, Québec] : Canadian Wildlife Service
ISBN 13 : 9780662296775
Total Pages : 495 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (967 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis RATL [electronic Resource] : a Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature by : Bruce Douglas Pauli

Download or read book RATL [electronic Resource] : a Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature written by Bruce Douglas Pauli and published by [Hull, Québec] : Canadian Wildlife Service. This book was released on 2000 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Call of the Crawfish Frog

Download The Call of the Crawfish Frog PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781000038347
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (383 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Call of the Crawfish Frog by : Michael J. Lannoo

Download or read book The Call of the Crawfish Frog written by Michael J. Lannoo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crawfish Frogs (Rana areolata) have been called the most secretive frog in North America, and it is unusual in the twenty-first century - in the most scientifically advanced country in the world - that basic discoveries can still be made on an animal that inhabits a quarter of the United States. This is not only a story of the biology of Crawfish Frogs, but a case study of discovery. This volume describes the life history and natural history critical to the survival of the endangered amphibian and recommends management actions to ensure persistence. The authors tell an optimistic conservation biology story and fill a gap between science and the public. The authors have compiled and summarized the peer-reviewed literature on the biology of Crawfish Frogs, which may be one of the most interesting frogs in North America (that nobody knows about). Key Features Recounts the story of an imperiled species and how to go about saving it Vividly brings science to life and makes it accessible Provides a popular account of natural history research and ecological fieldwork Related Titles D. Vieira de Andrade, C. R. Bevier & J. Eduardo de Carvalho, eds. Amphibian and Reptile Adaptations to the Environment: Interplay Between Physiology and Behavior (ISBN 978-1-4822-2204-3). M. Ogielska, ed. Reproduction of Amphibians (ISBN 978-1-1381-1771-6). D. W. Sparling, G. Linder, C. A. Bishop & S. Krest, eds. Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles, 2nd Edition (ISBN 978-1-4200-6416-2). F. L. Frye. Reptiles and Amphibians: Self-Assessment Color Review, Second Edition (ISBN 978-1-4822-5760-1).

Ecotoxicology Essentials

Download Ecotoxicology Essentials PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128019611
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ecotoxicology Essentials by : Donald W. Sparling

Download or read book Ecotoxicology Essentials written by Donald W. Sparling and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-04-18 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecotoxicology Essentials: Environmental Contaminants and Their Biological Effects on Animals and Plants provides a fundamental understanding of this area for students and professionals in ecotoxicology, ecology, conservation, chemistry, public health, wildlife management, fisheries, and many other disciplines. Although new chemicals and potential problems are developed every year, a basic education is essential to address these new challenges, and this work gives such training. Written with the regulatory framework in mind, the material guides readers on modelling, how to conduct assessments, and human and wildlife risk, focusing on effects on animals rather than transport of chemicals. Simple discussions of chemistry are complemented by coverage on the behavior of the animal, dynamics of the ecosystem, real-life situations like drought, and predators in the system – i.e., the natural system versus the lab setting. The book’s first section contains chapters on the principles of contaminant toxicology including a brief history of the science of ecotoxicology, basic principles of the science, testing methods, and ways of determining if animals have been exposed to either acute or chronic concentrations of contaminants. The second section deals with the primary classes of contaminants including their chemical characteristics, sources, uses, and effects on organisms. The third section focuses on more complex issues such as the regulation of pollution, population and community effects, risk assessment and modelling. Uses examples from both aquatic and terrestrial environments and species Includes a Terms to Know section and a list of study questions in each chapter, fostering a greater understanding of the issues Focuses on the effects of contaminants on wildlife while providing enough chemistry to allow a detailed understanding of the various contaminant groups Emphasizes natural examples and 'real' species, rather than laboratory studies on only a handful of organisms Features case histories, detailing actual events that include aspects of how the contamination occurred and its effects on wildlife Provides material from a wide variety of international sources

Herpetology

Download Herpetology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 9780080921891
Total Pages : 720 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (218 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Herpetology by : Laurie J. Vitt

Download or read book Herpetology written by Laurie J. Vitt and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-12-15 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third edition, now fully revised and updated by two of Dr. Zug's colleagues, provides herpetology students and amateur reptile and amphibian keepers with the latest taxonomy and species developments from around the world. Herpetology is a rapidly evolving field, which has contributed to new discoveries in many conceptual areas of biology. The authors build on this progress by updating all chapters with new literature, graphics, and discussions—many of which have changed our thinking. With a new emphasis placed on conservation issues, Herpetology continues to broaden the global coverage from earlier editions, recognizing the burgeoning reptile and amphibian research programs and the plight of many species in all countries and all biomes. New information on the remarkable advances in behavioral, physiological, and phylo-geographical data provide students with the current research they need to advance their education and better prepare their future in herpetology. * The latest taxonomy data * End-of-chapter discussions for classroom use * 90% new photographs, now all in full color for an enhanced visual representation * Most recent information on the exciting and developing herpetological communities in Australia, Europe, Asia, South and North Americas * New emphasis on conservation issues surrounding herpetology

Toxicology of Reptiles

Download Toxicology of Reptiles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420038362
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Toxicology of Reptiles by : Susan C. M. Gardner

Download or read book Toxicology of Reptiles written by Susan C. M. Gardner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxicology of Reptiles cohesively summarizes much of the cutting-edge research taking place in fields such as reptilian endocrinology, neurophysiology, immunology, and ecology. It also addresses conservation needs along with the complications often associated with population studies. The text is easy to synthesize and apply in the evaluation and understanding of potential risks to reptiles from environmental contaminants. This book provides a comprehensive description of the current state of knowledge of reptilian toxicology from the perspective of target organ systems. It covers major contaminant classes within each chapter, focusing on those of greatest concern. The authors highlight the most pressing information gaps, and propose priority directions for further advancement in the fields of reptilian biology, wildlife and environmental toxicology, conservation, and ecological risk assessment.

Basics of Ecotoxicology

Download Basics of Ecotoxicology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351655477
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Basics of Ecotoxicology by : Donald W. Sparling

Download or read book Basics of Ecotoxicology written by Donald W. Sparling and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook presents a comprehensive examination of environmental science and ecotoxicology for undergraduate students. The material provides sufficient related background information leading to a competency to clearly understand ecotoxicology concepts and topics.

Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology, Second Edition

Download Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology, Second Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781566705981
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (59 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology, Second Edition by : Michael C. Newman

Download or read book Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology, Second Edition written by Michael C. Newman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-12-26 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised and updated, Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology, Second Edition presents a treatment of ecotoxicology ranging from molecular to global perspectives. The authors focus first on lower levels of organization and then extend their discussion to include landscape, regional, and biospheric topics, imparting a perspective as broad as the the problems facing practicing professionals. See what's new in this edition: A comprehensive chapter on the nature, transport, and fate of major classes of contaminants in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems Side bars containing vignettes by leaders in the field let you benefit from the experience of diverse practitioners in the field An appendix covering European environmental regulations The authors detail key contaminants of concern, explore their fate and cycling in the biosphere, and discuss bioaccumulation and the effects of contaminants at increasing levels of ecological organization. They cover regulatory aspects of the field in separate chapters that address the technical issues of risk assessment and discuss key U.S. and European legislation in the appendices. Complete with study questions, a detailed glossary, and vignettes by various experts exploring special topics in ecotoxicology, Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology, Second Edition is an ideal introductory textbook for both undergraduate- and graduate-level courses, as well as a valuable reference for professionals.

Amphibian and Reptile Adaptations to the Environment

Download Amphibian and Reptile Adaptations to the Environment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315356198
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Amphibian and Reptile Adaptations to the Environment by : Denis Vieira de Andrade

Download or read book Amphibian and Reptile Adaptations to the Environment written by Denis Vieira de Andrade and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite their diversity, amphibians and reptiles share many physiological traits, such as their dependence on external heat sources for body temperature regulation, that are of pivotal importance to their ability to cope with the environment. Considerable variation in physiological capabilities exists in these groups and often can be related to seasonal and geographic differences in environmental parameters. This book provides a comprehensive and integrative view of the interplay between physiology and behavior in amphibians and reptiles, leading to a better understanding of the subject. The book covers topics that have recently been in the spotlight for scientific research on the physiology, behavior, and conservation of amphibians and reptiles. It brings together recent information from a range of disciplines that address critical topics for understanding their biology. As these studies are scattered across articles in specialized journals, this book provides a single and expanded source summarizing such advancements. Amphibian and Reptile Adaptations to the Environment: Interplay Between Physiology and Behavior maintains a solid scientific basis for the biological topics covered. However, it presents the material in a clear and direct manner so that it is accessible even to non-biologists interested in the basic biology, behavior, and ecology of these animals as well as how these elements are connected to their conservation.

Handbook of Ecotoxicology, Second Edition

Download Handbook of Ecotoxicology, Second Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 142003250X
Total Pages : 1312 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Ecotoxicology, Second Edition by : David J. Hoffman

Download or read book Handbook of Ecotoxicology, Second Edition written by David J. Hoffman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-11-13 with total page 1312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Ecotoxicology, Second Edition focuses on toxic substances and how they affect ecosystems worldwide. It presents methods for quantifying and measuring ecotoxicological effects in the field and in the lab, as well as methods for estimating, predicting, and modeling in ecotoxicology studies. Completely revised and updated with 18 new chapters, this second edition includes contributions from over 75 international experts. Also, a Technical Review Board reviewed all manuscripts for accuracy and currency. This authoritative work is the definitive reference for students, researchers, consultants, and other professionals in the environmental sciences, toxicology, chemistry, biology, and ecology - in academia, industry, and government.

Ecotoxicology and Genotoxicology

Download Ecotoxicology and Genotoxicology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1782628118
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (826 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ecotoxicology and Genotoxicology by : Marcelo L Larramendy

Download or read book Ecotoxicology and Genotoxicology written by Marcelo L Larramendy and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential impact of anthropogenic pollutants such as agrochemicals on the environment is of global concern. Increasing use of certain compounds can result in contamination of food, water and atmospheric systems and in order to combat this pollution it is important to be able to accurately monitor the short and long term effects. This book describes the latest non-traditional terrestrial species models used as indicators of the toxic effects of environmental pollutants. The book enables understanding of the effects of pollutants in non-target species, and therefore enables analysis of the effects on ecosystems. This book will be of interest to anyone interested in developing new biomarker species with high degrees of ecological relevance. It will serve as a useful resource for regulatory and research toxicologists, particularly those interested in soil screening and the effects of pollutants on wildlife and insects and their use as biological indicators.

Reptiles and Amphibians

Download Reptiles and Amphibians PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 178923400X
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reptiles and Amphibians by : David Aguillón-Gutiérrez

Download or read book Reptiles and Amphibians written by David Aguillón-Gutiérrez and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book Reptiles and Amphibians is a compilation of the current trends in herpetology, focusing on evolution, physiology, monitoring, bioacoustics, threats, and conservation biology. All the chapters present an interesting aspect of the biology of reptiles and amphibians, encompassing different groups of these animals such as frogs, toads, newts, chelonians and snakes from various parts of the world. Without a doubt, this book will help to keep updated on the current problems that arise in this interesting biological group.

Peril in the Ponds

Download Peril in the Ponds PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of Massachusetts Press
ISBN 13 : 1558499466
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (584 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Peril in the Ponds by : Judith Cairncross Helgen

Download or read book Peril in the Ponds written by Judith Cairncross Helgen and published by Univ of Massachusetts Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When deformed frogs-many with missing legs or eyes, footless stumps, or misshapen jaws-began to emerge from Minnesota wetlands, alarm bells went off. What caused such deformities? Pollution? Ultraviolet rays? Biological agents? And could the mysterious cause also pose a threat to humans? Former government biologist Judy Helgen provides an inside view of a highly charged environmental issue that continues to spark controversy among scientists, politicians, and government agencies. Book jacket.

Herpetology

Download Herpetology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080549403
Total Pages : 630 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Herpetology by : George R. Zug

Download or read book Herpetology written by George R. Zug and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-07-21 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herpetology, Second Edition has been thoroughly revised. The text has been reorganized, new chapters have been added, new text references have been inserted. All this plus new color systematics sections will maintain this book as THE leading textbook on the biology of amphibians and reptiles. The book will also showcase reptiles and amphibians as model systems in conceptual areas of biology. Such a text will help integrate herpetology as a discipline into conceptually oriented undergraduate programs. The book should also appeal to a large audience of sophisticated lay people interested in reptiles and amphibians. Written by internationally recognized experts on the biology of amphibians and reptiles Provides a general background on the evolution and morphology of amphibians and reptiles Details what is known about reproduction and life histories Examines physiological ecology, emphasizing water balance, temperature, and energy Integrates population and community ecology with conservation biology Provides detailed taxonomic accounts of all higher taxa, including high quality distribution maps and color photographs

Ecological Biomarkers

Download Ecological Biomarkers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439880530
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ecological Biomarkers by : Claude Amiard-Triquet

Download or read book Ecological Biomarkers written by Claude Amiard-Triquet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does a change, which affects a few biological macro-molecules, some cells, or a few individuals within a population, have any ecological significance that would allow the prediction of deleterious effects at higher levels of biological organization, namely the population, community, and ultimately the ecosystem? With contributions from experts in the field, Ecological Biomarkers: Indicators of Ecotoxicological Effects explores how biomarkers can be used to predict effects farther down the chain. It presents a synthesis of the state of the art in the methodology of biomarkers and its contribution to ecological risk assessment. This book describes the core biomarkers currently used in environmental research concerned with biological monitoring, biomarkers which correspond to the defences developed by living organisms in response to contaminants in their environment, and biomarkers that reveal biological damage resulting from contaminant stressors. It examines the efficacy of lysosomal biomarkers, immunotoxicity effects, behavioral disturbances, energy metabolism impairments, endocrine disruption measures, and genotoxicity as all indicative of probable toxic effects at higher biological levels. It is time to revisit the biological responses most ecologically relevant in the diagnosis of the health status of an aquatic environment well before it becomes unmanageable. Biomarkers provide a real possibility of delivering an easily measured marker at a simple level of biological organization that is predictably linked to a potentially ecologically significant effect at higher levels of biological organization. The text explores the latest knowledge and thinking on how to use biomarkers as tools for the assessment of environmental health and management.

Management of Animal Care and Use Programs in Research, Education, and Testing

Download Management of Animal Care and Use Programs in Research, Education, and Testing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498748457
Total Pages : 872 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Management of Animal Care and Use Programs in Research, Education, and Testing by : Robert H. Weichbrod

Download or read book Management of Animal Care and Use Programs in Research, Education, and Testing written by Robert H. Weichbrod and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-07 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AAP Prose Award Finalist 2018/19 Management of Animal Care and Use Programs in Research, Education, and Testing, Second Edition is the extensively expanded revision of the popular Management of Laboratory Animal Care and Use Programs book published earlier this century. Following in the footsteps of the first edition, this revision serves as a first line management resource, providing for strong advocacy for advancing quality animal welfare and science worldwide, and continues as a valuable seminal reference for those engaged in all types of programs involving animal care and use. The new edition has more than doubled the number of chapters in the original volume to present a more comprehensive overview of the current breadth and depth of the field with applicability to an international audience. Readers are provided with the latest information and resource and reference material from authors who are noted experts in their field. The book: - Emphasizes the importance of developing a collaborative culture of care within an animal care and use program and provides information about how behavioral management through animal training can play an integral role in a veterinary health program - Provides a new section on Environment and Housing, containing chapters that focus on management considerations of housing and enrichment delineated by species - Expands coverage of regulatory oversight and compliance, assessment, and assurance issues and processes, including a greater discussion of globalization and harmonizing cultural and regulatory issues - Includes more in-depth treatment throughout the book of critical topics in program management, physical plant, animal health, and husbandry. Biomedical research using animals requires administrators and managers who are knowledgeable and highly skilled. They must adapt to the complexity of rapidly-changing technologies, balance research goals with a thorough understanding of regulatory requirements and guidelines, and know how to work with a multi-generational, multi-cultural workforce. This book is the ideal resource for these professionals. It also serves as an indispensable resource text for certification exams and credentialing boards for a multitude of professional societies Co-publishers on the second edition are: ACLAM (American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine); ECLAM (European College of Laboratory Animal Medicine); IACLAM (International Colleges of Laboratory Animal Medicine); JCLAM (Japanese College of Laboratory Animal Medicine); KCLAM (Korean College of Laboratory Animal Medicine); CALAS (Canadian Association of Laboratory Animal Medicine); LAMA (Laboratory Animal Management Association); and IAT (Institute of Animal Technology).

Handbook of Venoms and Toxins of Reptiles

Download Handbook of Venoms and Toxins of Reptiles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429623453
Total Pages : 912 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Venoms and Toxins of Reptiles by : Stephen P. Mackessy

Download or read book Handbook of Venoms and Toxins of Reptiles written by Stephen P. Mackessy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-05-24 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A decade after publication of the first edition, Handbook of Venoms and Toxins of Reptiles responds to extensive changes in the field of toxinology to endure as the most comprehensive review of reptile venoms on the market. The six sections of this new edition, which has nearly doubled in size, complement the original handbook by presenting current information from many of the leading researchers and physicians in toxinology, with topics ranging from functional morphology, evolution and ecology to crystallography, -omics technologies, drug discovery and more. With the recent recognition by the World Health Organization of snakebite as a neglected tropical disease, the section on snakebite has been expanded and includes several chapters dealing with the problem broadly and with new technologies and the promises these new approaches may hold to counter the deleterious effects of envenomation. This greatly expanded handbook offers a unique resource for biologists, biochemists, toxicologists, physicians, clinicians, and epidemiologists, as well as informed laypersons interested in the biology of venomous reptiles, the biochemistry and molecular biology of venoms, and the effects and treatment of human envenomation.