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Economic Implications Of Chinas Dmographics In The 21st Century
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Book Synopsis Economic Implications of China's Demographics in the 21st Century by : Mr.Kevin C. Cheng
Download or read book Economic Implications of China's Demographics in the 21st Century written by Mr.Kevin C. Cheng and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study assesses the economic implications of China's changing population in the 21st century using a numerical general equilibrium model. The simulations show that lower fertility rates yield lower saving rates. Since lower fertility rates reduce the future supply of labor, capital will become less productive. Consequently, if international capital mobility is high in China, a low fertility rate implies more future capital outflows. But if capital is less mobile, low fertility today lowers the domestic return to capital and raises the domestic return to labor. In addition, the paper finds no significant link between demographic structures and per capita income growth.
Book Synopsis Transition and Challenge by : Zhongwei Zhao
Download or read book Transition and Challenge written by Zhongwei Zhao and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2007-02-22 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the largest population in the world, China has experienced significant demographic, social, and economic changes in recent decades. Extraordinary demographic changes took place in China in the second half of the twentieth century having wide-ranging consequences. This book, written by a group of leading experts, examines these profound changes in an effort to understand their long term impact and provide an up-to-date account of China's demographic reality. The volume provides a comprehensive and authoritative analysis of a wide range of issues such as China's unprecedented family planning program, the impact of falling birth rates coupled with increasing life expectancy, changes in marriage patterns, and increasing rural-urban migration. Anyone who is interested in China and its recent demographic changes will benefit from the rich materials and thorough analysis provided in this book.
Author :Kevin C. Cheng Publisher :Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International ISBN 13 : Total Pages :88 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis Economic Implications of China's Population in the 21st Century by : Kevin C. Cheng
Download or read book Economic Implications of China's Population in the 21st Century written by Kevin C. Cheng and published by Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International. This book was released on 2002 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Way to a Great Country by : Tian Xueyuan
Download or read book The Way to a Great Country written by Tian Xueyuan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-13 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population is the most influential factor in social development and economic growth, especially in China. In this book, author Tian Xueyuan provides macro illustrations of the main issues confronting China’s population and development in the 21st century and advises on facing population development challenges to sustainable future development. This book explores issues such as the relation between the change of population and consumption, how the age of the working population affects economic structure and transition when above or below the Lewis turning point, the impact of population aging on growth speed and the pension system, how to remove the urban– rural dual structure, how to reform exam- oriented education, and how to balance relations between population, resource, environment, and sustainable growth. The discussions on population– consumption relations, labor– economy relations, urbanization and rural– urban relations, and beyond provide insightful judgment on and prospects for China’s future development. This book is helpful for international audiences to better understand China’s population and development challenges and strategies.
Book Synopsis China’s Demography and its Implications by : Mr.Il Houng Lee
Download or read book China’s Demography and its Implications written by Mr.Il Houng Lee and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In coming decades, China will undergo a notable demographic transformation, with its old-age dependency ratio doubling to 24 percent by 2030 and rising even more precipitously thereafter. This paper uses the permanent income hypothesis to reassess national savings behavior, with greater prominence and more careful consideration given to the role played by changing demography. We use a forward-looking and dynamic approach that considers the entire population distribution. We find that this not only holds up well empirically but may also be superior to the static dependency ratios typically employed in the literature. Going further, we simulate global savings behavior based on our framework and find that China’s demographics should have induced a negative current account in the 2000s and a positive one in the 2010s given the rising share of prime savers, only turning negative around 2045. The opposite is true for the United States and Western Europe. The observed divergence in current account outcomes from the simulated path appears to have been partly policy induced. Over the next couple of decades, individual countries’ convergence toward the simulated savings pattern will be influenced by their past divergences and future policy choices. Other implications arising from China’s demography, including the growth model, the pension system, the labor market, and the public finances are also briefly reviewed.
Book Synopsis China's Labour Market, 1950–2050 by : Jane Du
Download or read book China's Labour Market, 1950–2050 written by Jane Du and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Publisher :OECD Publishing ISBN 13 : Total Pages :144 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis China in the 21st Century by : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Download or read book China in the 21st Century written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Prospects for the Chinese economy to the year 2010-2020".--P. [4] of cover.
Book Synopsis Implications of the Aging of China's Population by : Judith Banister
Download or read book Implications of the Aging of China's Population written by Judith Banister and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis China’s Economic Growth Prospects by : Cai Fang
Download or read book China’s Economic Growth Prospects written by Cai Fang and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2016-01-29 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China has grown rapidly since the reform initiation of the 1970s. China’s Economic Growth Prospects narrates the contribution of demographic transition to recent economic growth in China, and provides suggestions for ways in which it can sustain growth over the next few decades. The expert author provides reasons for the economic slowdown since the second decade of the twenty-first century; explores the challenges facing China’s long-term sustainability of growth with the disappearance of demographic dividend; and proposes policy suggestions. He concludes that, in order to avoid the middle-income trap, economic growth in China must transform from an inputs-driven pattern, to a productivity-driven pattern. Academics, researchers and students of economics and business, particularly those specialising in China, will find this book to be a useful resource. Investment bankers, journalists, politicians and policy makers will find the discussions of past experience and the future potential of the Chinese economy to be of interest.
Download or read book Rising China written by Jane Golley and published by ANU E Press. This book was released on 2011-06-01 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Where the last three decades of the 20th century witnessed a China rising on to the global economic stage, the first three decades of the 21st century are almost certain to bring with them the completion of that rise, not only in economic, but also political and geopolitical terms. China's integration into the global economy has brought one-fifth of the global population into the world trading system, which has increased global market potential and integration to an unprecedented level. The increased scale and depth of international specialisation propelled by an enlarged world market has offered new opportunities to boost world production, trade and consumption; with the potential for increasing the welfare of all the countries involved. However, China's integration into the global economy has forced a worldwide reallocation of economic activities. This has increased various kinds of friction in China's trading and political relations with others, as well as generating several globally significant externalities. Finding ways to accommodate China's rise in a way that ensures the future stability and prosperity of the world economy and polity is probably the most important task facing the world community in the first half of the 21st century. The book delves into these issues to reflect upon the wide range of opportunities and challenges that have emerged in the context of a rising China.
Author :Congressional Research Service Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781976466953 Total Pages :52 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (669 download)
Book Synopsis China's Economic Rise by : Congressional Research Service
Download or read book China's Economic Rise written by Congressional Research Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-17 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to the initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization 36 years ago, China maintained policies that kept the economy very poor, stagnant, centrally-controlled, vastly inefficient, and relatively isolated from the global economy. Since opening up to foreign trade and investment and implementing free market reforms in 1979, China has been among the world's fastest-growing economies, with real annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaging nearly 10% through 2016. In recent years, China has emerged as a major global economic power. It is now the world's largest economy (on a purchasing power parity basis), manufacturer, merchandise trader, and holder of foreign exchange reserves.The global economic crisis that began in 2008 greatly affected China's economy. China's exports, imports, and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows declined, GDP growth slowed, and millions of Chinese workers reportedly lost their jobs. The Chinese government responded by implementing a $586 billion economic stimulus package and loosening monetary policies to increase bank lending. Such policies enabled China to effectively weather the effects of the sharp global fall in demand for Chinese products, but may have contributed to overcapacity in several industries and increased debt by Chinese firms and local government. China's economy has slowed in recent years. Real GDP growth has slowed in each of the past six years, dropping from 10.6% in 2010 to 6.7% in 2016, and is projected to slow to 5.7% by 2022.The Chinese government has attempted to steer the economy to a "new normal" of slower, but more stable and sustainable, economic growth. Yet, concerns have deepened in recent years over the health of the Chinese economy. On August 11, 2015, the Chinese government announced that the daily reference rate of the renminbi (RMB) would become more "market-oriented." Over the next three days, the RMB depreciated against the dollar and led to charges that China's goal was to boost exports to help stimulate the economy (which some suspect is in worse shape than indicated by official Chinese economic statistics). Concerns over the state of the Chinese economy appear to have often contributed to volatility in global stock indexes in recent years.The ability of China to maintain a rapidly growing economy in the long run will likely depend largely on the ability of the Chinese government to implement comprehensive economic reforms that more quickly hasten China's transition to a free market economy; rebalance the Chinese economy by making consumer demand, rather than exporting and fixed investment, the main engine of economic growth; boost productivity and innovation; address growing income disparities; and enhance environmental protection. The Chinese government has acknowledged that its current economic growth model needs to be altered and has announced several initiatives to address various economic challenges. In November 2013, the Communist Party of China held the Third Plenum of its 18th Party Congress, which outlined a number of broad policy reforms to boost competition and economic efficiency. For example, the communique stated that the market would now play a "decisive" role in allocating resources in the economy. At the same time, however, the communique emphasized the continued important role of the state sector in China's economy. In addition, many foreign firms have complained that the business climate in China has worsened in recent years. Thus, it remains unclear how committed the Chinese government is to implementing new comprehensive economic reforms.China's economic rise has significant implications for the United States and hence is of major interest to Congress. This report provides background on China's economic rise; describes its current economic structure; identifies the challenges China faces to maintain economic growth; and discusses the challenges, opportunities, and implications of China's economic rise.
Book Synopsis Analysing China's Population by : Isabelle Attané
Download or read book Analysing China's Population written by Isabelle Attané and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on China’s recently released 2010 population census data, this edited volume analyses the most recent demographic trends in China, in the context of significant social and economic upheavals. The editor and the expert contributors describe the main features of China’s demography, and focus on the details of this latest phase of its demographic transition. The book explores such striking characteristics of China’s demography as the changing age and sex population structure; recent trends in marriage and divorce; fertility trends with a focus on sex imbalance at birth; the demography of the ethnic minorities and recent mortality trends by sex. Analysing China's Population: Social Change in a New Demographic Era examines and assesses the impact of changes that in the coming decades will be crucial for individuals, and the larger society and economy of the nation.
Book Synopsis The Demographic Dividend by : David Bloom
Download or read book The Demographic Dividend written by David Bloom and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2003-02-13 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is long-standing debate on how population growth affects national economies. A new report from Population Matters examines the history of this debate and synthesizes current research on the topic. The authors, led by Harvard economist David Bloom, conclude that population age structure, more than size or growth per se, affects economic development, and that reducing high fertility can create opportunities for economic growth if the right kinds of educational, health, and labor-market policies are in place. The report also examines specific regions of the world and how their differing policy environments have affected the relationship between population change and economic development.
Book Synopsis Beyond Demographics Is Destiny: Understanding Economic Mitigation Strategies for Demographic Change in China - Case Studies Germany, Japan, Russia, Fertility, Mortality, Aging Population, Labor Force by : U. S. Military
Download or read book Beyond Demographics Is Destiny: Understanding Economic Mitigation Strategies for Demographic Change in China - Case Studies Germany, Japan, Russia, Fertility, Mortality, Aging Population, Labor Force written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2016-12-15 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This excellent report has been professionally converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction. The favorable demographics that have contributed to China's rapid economic growth are changing. China's working-age population is currently peaking and within two decades its overall population will begin to shrink. In addition to a shrinking working-age population, China will see an increase in the elderly population and a rising dependency ratio. This demographic change may have an economically significant impact. If China's enormous stock of labor and low dependency ratio were key elements in its rapid economic growth, then some economists conclude that the reversal of these elements will have detrimental effects on the Chinese economy.This study examines this argument by examining how Germany, Japan, and Russia have already faced and attempted to mitigate similar demographic changes, and assesses China's potential mitigation strategies in this light. For each country, the study examines two economically significant demographic changes--decreasing working-age population and rising dependency ratio--and then examines how strategies to maximize labor force participation, increase productivity, and control old age benefits can potentially mitigate their effects. The comparison of China with Germany, Japan, and Russia leads to the conclusion that China is poorly prepared to mitigate the economic effects of its coming demographic change.This study examines this argument through five chapters.The second chapter focuses on understanding China's demographic trajectory. This is accomplished by examining population transition theory in general and assessing how China's recent demographic history fits this model. This history is broken down into two time periods: the Mao Zedong-influenced era from the founding of the People's Republic of China until the death of Mao; and the Post-Mao era, from Mao's death to the present. This review pays specific attention to the role that government policy has had in shaping China's demography. Finally, this chapter includes several of the potential economic impacts of China's demographic trajectory.The third chapter establishes the comparison case studies used to determine how well China is poised to mitigate the economic effects of demographic change. This begins by briefly reviewing the demographic and economic situation of the comparison countries: Germany, Japan, and Russia. Next, three specific economic aspects that may provide mitigation are reviewed; in maximization of potential labor, productive use of labor, and controlling the cost of elderly care.The fourth chapter compares China with the comparison case studies, seeking to understand to what extent is it likely that China will be able to emulate and benefit from similar mitigation strategies. This chapter begins with a historical look at China's economy in two periods: the economy under Mao Zedong, and the growth and reform that has occurred since his death. Then China is assessed against the comparison case studies to understand if China will be likely to benefit from similar mitigation strategies.The fifth chapter is the conclusion. This chapter reviews the findings of the three previous chapters--that China is destined for demographic change, that the economic effects of demographic change can be mitigated, and that China is currently poorly suited to mitigate its demographic change--and evaluates how China's mitigation potential might change in the future. This chapter also outlines areas where additional research could be conducted to further advance the understanding of the interaction between demographics and economics. The chapter concludes with the author's thoughts on broader implications of demographic decline.
Book Synopsis China's Population Situation and Policies by : Cangping Wu
Download or read book China's Population Situation and Policies written by Cangping Wu and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Towards a Better Global Economy by : Franklin Allen
Download or read book Towards a Better Global Economy written by Franklin Allen and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-09-04 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Substantial progress in the fight against extreme poverty was made in the last two decades. But the slowdown in global economic growth and significant increases in income inequality in many developed and developing countries raise serious concerns about the continuation of this trend into the 21st century. The time has come to seriously think about how improvements in official global governance, coupled with and reinforced by rising activism of 'global citizens' can lead to welfare-enhancing and more equitable results for global citizens through better national and international policies. This book examines the factors that are most likely to facilitate the process of beneficial economic growth in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. It examines past, present, and future economic growth; demographic changes; the hyperglobalization of trade; the effect of finance on growth; climate change and resource depletion; and the sense of global citizenship and the need for global governance in order to draw longer-term implications, identify policy options for improving the lives of average citizens around the world, and make the case for the need to confront new challenges with truly global policy responses. The book documents how demographic changes, convergence, and competition are likely to bring about massive shifts in the sectoral and geographical composition of global output and employment, as the center of gravity of the global economy moves toward Asia and emerging economies elsewhere. It shows that the legacies of the 2008-09 crisis-high unemployment levels, massive excess capacities, and high debt levels-are likely to reduce the standard of living of millions of people in many countries over a long period of adjustment and that fluctuations in international trade, financial markets, and commodity prices, as well as the tendency of institutions at both the national and international level to favor the interests of the better-off and more powerful pose substantial risks for citizens of all countries. The chapters and their policy implications are intended to stimulate public interest and facilitate the exchange of ideas and policy dialogue.
Book Synopsis Economic Implications of China's Demographics in the 21st Century by : Kevin C. Cheng
Download or read book Economic Implications of China's Demographics in the 21st Century written by Kevin C. Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
