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Economic Analysis Of Ethanol Production From Switchgrass Using Hybrid Thermal
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Book Synopsis Economic Analysis of Ethanol Production from Switchgrass Using Hybrid Thermal by :
Download or read book Economic Analysis of Ethanol Production from Switchgrass Using Hybrid Thermal written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economics of ethanol production from switchgrass using Waterloo fast pyrolysis with a fermentation step is investigated. Standard chemical engineering methods are used to estimate capital investment and operating costs. Order of magnitude method is employed for preliminary approximation of capital investment. The azeotropic ethanol production capacity used in this case study is 189 million liters/year (50 million gallons/year). All cost figures are updated to 1997 US $. Total capital investment is estimated to be $142 million, while the annual operating cost is about $118 million with an ethanol selling price of $0.62/l ($2.35/gal). This compares to $0.58/l ($2.20/gal) for ethanol from popular wood as determined in a previous study of the Waterloo fast pyrolysis process. Conservation of energy, especially, in the separation and purification steps, and generation of steam from lignin to meet energy requirements are evaluated in terms of energy saving costs. Additional steam has to be purchased, at $0.30 million/year, in order to meet the heat energy requirement of the process. Sensitivity analyses of feedstock cost and yield of sugar fermentation on the selling price of ethanol show that feedstock cost is positively related to ethanol selling price, while the yield has a negative relationship with selling price.
Book Synopsis Economic Analysis of Ethanol Production from Biomass Using a Hybrid Thermal/biological Conversion Process by : Kim Sui So
Download or read book Economic Analysis of Ethanol Production from Biomass Using a Hybrid Thermal/biological Conversion Process written by Kim Sui So and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this case study is to examine the economics of ethanol production using the Waterloo Fast Pyrolysis process integrated with a fermentation step. The raw materials considered are wood and switchgrass. The pyrolytic ethanol process is evaluated in terms of capital costs, operating costs, and ethanol production costs for each type of feedstocks used. Sensitivity analyses are carried out to study the uncertainties of feedstock costs, ethanol production rates and ethanol yields on ethanol production costs. The economics of pyrolytic ethanol is compared to two other widely-known processes: simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and dilute acid hydrolysis and fermentation. This analysis indicates that the pyrolytic ethanol process is comparable with the other two processes and suggests that it should be considered for further development.
Book Synopsis Cellulosic Ethanol from Switchgrass - Cost Analysis - Ethanol E81A by : Intratec
Download or read book Cellulosic Ethanol from Switchgrass - Cost Analysis - Ethanol E81A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of second generation Ethanol production from switchgrass based on a biochemical conversion process. The process examined is similar to the process reported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). This process involves the following steps in the production of hydrous Ethanol: biomass pretreatment with dilute acid and ammonia conditioning; enzymatic hydrolysis; and fermentation. Electricity is also generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Humbird, D., et al., "Process Design and Economics for Biochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol, " Report NREL/TP-5100-47764, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 2011 Keywords: Ethyl Alcohol, Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, 2nd Generation, Cellulosic Sugar, Hemicelluloses, Cellulose
Book Synopsis Cellulosic Ethanol from Switchgrass - Cost Analysis - Ethanol E82A by : Intratec
Download or read book Cellulosic Ethanol from Switchgrass - Cost Analysis - Ethanol E82A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of second generation Ethanol production from switchgrass using a biochemical conversion process. The process examined is similar to AVAP technology, developed by American Process. In this process, biomass is fractionated into cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. The hemicellulose and cellulose are converted to monomer sugars, which are then fermented to produce hydrous Ethanol, while lignin is burned to generate electricity. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): WO Patent 2011044378, issued to American Process in 2011 Keywords: Ethyl Alcohol, Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, 2nd Generation, Cellulosic Sugar, Hemicelluloses, Cellulose
Book Synopsis Economic and Environmental Tradeoffs from Switchgrass and Ethanol Production (a Case in Oklahoma) by : Tesfaye Woldesenbet
Download or read book Economic and Environmental Tradeoffs from Switchgrass and Ethanol Production (a Case in Oklahoma) written by Tesfaye Woldesenbet and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Switchgrass Biomass to Ethanol Production Economics by : Mohua Haque
Download or read book Switchgrass Biomass to Ethanol Production Economics written by Mohua Haque and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economic Analysis of Delivering Switchgrass to a Biorefinery from Both the Farmers' and Processor's Perspectives by :
Download or read book Economic Analysis of Delivering Switchgrass to a Biorefinery from Both the Farmers' and Processor's Perspectives written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Switchgrass for bioenergy production will require substantial storage. The first paper evaluates costs of various baling and on-farm storage systems by simulating the final delivered costs to the biorefinery under two representative soil types in East Tennessee and West Tennessee. Influences of the volatilities of switchgrass yield, diesel fuel price and nitrogen fertilizer price on delivered costs are considered. Results show that rectangular bales minimize cost if switchgrass is processed immediately after harvest. However, round bales minimize cost if switchgrass is stored without protection for 200 days before being transported to the biorefinery. The second paper evaluates from the processors' perspective the least cost delivery schedule for switchgrass to a biorefinery considering bale types and storage methods. A mixed integer programming model was used to optimize the year round switchgrass delivery schedule within 50 miles of the biorefinery in East Tennessee from the processors' perspective, while minimizing the annual costs of delivering switchgrass. The delivery is constrained by land availability, switchgrass yields, field days for harvest, and storage dry matter loss. Scenario analyses for different plant sizes, harvesting systems, existence of storage loss and equipment efficiency were done in this study. Results from the base model show that the delivered cost, which accounts for $0.73/gallon of ethanol produced, is almost twice the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory's goal for feedstock production in 2012.
Book Synopsis Ethanol Production in Maine by : Mark C. Middagh
Download or read book Ethanol Production in Maine written by Mark C. Middagh and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Factors Influencing the Feasibility of Switchgrass Feedstocks by : Elizabeth Ann Humphreys
Download or read book Factors Influencing the Feasibility of Switchgrass Feedstocks written by Elizabeth Ann Humphreys and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research suggests that biomass with high cellulose content like switchgrass is more efficient for producing ethanol than corn grain. The objective of this study is to evaluate factors influencing the economic feasibility of ethanol production from a biorefinery's perspective using switchgrass as the only feedstock. The research conducted utilizes a model which considers switchgrass procurement costs, transportation costs, storage costs, dry matter loss, biorefinery construction costs, operating and maintenance costs, and ethanol production in determining the break-even price of ethanol. The break-even prices of ethanol estimated range from $2.02 to $2.45 per gallon. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that when the conversion rate increases, the ethanol break-even price drops. Additionally, switchgrass price has a positive impact on the ethanol break-even price. However, it becomes less sensitive as the biorefinery size increases. Discount rate also has a positive impact on the ethanol break-even price. Using the ethanol market price data collected by the Agricultural Marketing Resource Center, a small biorefinery would be profitable the majority of the time, if traditional round bales are used.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design by :
Download or read book Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 835 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume collects together the presentations at the Eighth International Conference on Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, FOCAPD-2014, an event that brings together researchers, educators, and practitioners to identify new challenges and opportunities for process and product design. The chemical industry is currently entering a new phase of rapid evolution. The availability of low-cost feedstocks from natural gas is causing renewed investment in basic chemicals in the OECD, while societal pressures for sustainability and energy security continue to be key drivers in technology development and product selection. This dynamic environment creates opportunities to launch new products and processes and to demonstrate new methodologies for innovation, synthesis and design. FOCAPD-2014 fosters constructive interaction among thought leaders from academia, industry, and government and provides a showcase for the latest research in product and process design. Focuses exclusively on the fundamentals and applications of computer-aided design for the process industries. Provides a fully archival and indexed record of the FOCAPD14 conference Aligns the FOCAPD series with the ESCAPE and PSE series
Book Synopsis Effects of Changes in U.S. Ethanol Production from Corn Grain, Corn Stover, and Switchgrass on World Agricultural Markets and Trade by : Jody Campiche
Download or read book Effects of Changes in U.S. Ethanol Production from Corn Grain, Corn Stover, and Switchgrass on World Agricultural Markets and Trade written by Jody Campiche and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ethanol Production from Hybrid Poplar in Canada by : Hawley N. Campbell
Download or read book Ethanol Production from Hybrid Poplar in Canada written by Hawley N. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethanol has been promoted in Canada as an alternative to fossil fuels in the transportation sector. Future changes in Canada's emerging bioeconomy have the potential to cross industry boundaries, such as agricultural and forestry, and lead to inadvertent economic outcomes. As biofuel production technology develops, further production could come from first-generation grain-based feedstocks, or second-generation cellulosic feedstocks. This study evaluates potential economic impacts due to renewable fuel standards that double current ethanol production from first-generation ethanol, versus cellulosic ethanol produced from hybrid poplar feedstock in Canada. We also investigate the effect of current legislation restricting hybrid poplar growth on crown forestland. Finally, we consider impacts from increased crop productivity and oil prices on our simulated economic outcomes. Impacts are investigated in a general equilibrium economic framework. Overall, we find that doubling ethanol production in Canada results in price and output changes between 0% and 10%, with percentages generally higher in agricultural sectors than in forestry. Results further suggest that cellulosic ethanol leads to relatively lower inter-industry price and output impacts compared to first-generation ethanol, due to the availability of marginal land for hybrid poplar production. For both first-generation and cellulosic ethanol, estimated impacts to Canadian net exports can be substantial for some agricultural sectors. We find that the use of coarse grains for increased first-generation ethanol production leads to an approximately 21% decrease in coarse grain net exports, while increased production with cellulosic ethanol has a relatively larger impact on ruminant trade, with net exports decreasing between 27 - 34%. Results also indicate that the subsidy support required to double current ethanol is costly, at around USD 3.00/gallon. Sensitivity analysis suggests that a crop productivity increase leads to relatively larger benefits to first-generation ethanol, while a 10% oil price increase can double Canadian ethanol production, even without further government support.
Book Synopsis Economic Impacts of Production, Storage, Transport, and Conversion of Switchgrass for a Cellulosic Ethanol Facility in Tennessee by : Adam David Fulton
Download or read book Economic Impacts of Production, Storage, Transport, and Conversion of Switchgrass for a Cellulosic Ethanol Facility in Tennessee written by Adam David Fulton and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Switchgrass written by Andrea Monti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-09 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demand for renewable energies from biomass is growing steadily as policies are enacted to encourage such development and as industry increasingly sees an opportunity to develop bio-energy enterprises. Recent policy changes in the EU, USA and other countries are spurring interest in the cultivation of energy crops such as switchgrass. Switchgrass has gained and early lead in the race to find a biomass feedstock for energy production (and for the almost requisite need for bio-based products from such feedstocks). Switchgrass: A Valuable Biomass Crop for Energy provides a comprehensive guide to the biology, physiology, breeding, culture and conversion of switchgrass as well as highlighting various environmental, economic and social benefits. Considering this potential energy source, Switchgrass: A Valuable Biomass Crop for Energy brings together chapters from a range of experts in the field, including a foreword from Kenneth P. Vogel, to collect and present the environmental benefits and characteristics of this a crop with the potential to mitigate the risks of global warming by replacing fossil fuels. Including clear figures and tables to support discussions, Switchgrass: A Valuable Biomass Crop for Energy provides a solid reference for anyone with interest or investment in the development of bioenergy; researchers, policy makers and stakeholders will find this a key resource.
Book Synopsis Principles and Applications of Fermentation Technology by : Arindam Kuila
Download or read book Principles and Applications of Fermentation Technology written by Arindam Kuila and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-07-30 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers all aspects of fermentation technology such as principles, reaction kinetics, scaling up of processes, and applications. The 20 chapters written by subject matter experts are divided into two parts: Principles and Applications. In the first part subjects covered include: Modelling and kinetics of fermentation technology Sterilization techniques used in fermentation processes Design and types of bioreactors used in fermentation technology Recent advances and future prospect of fermentation technology The second part subjects covered include: Lactic acid and ethanol production using fermentation technology Various industrial value-added product biosynthesis using fermentation technology Microbial cyp450 production and its industrial application Polyunsaturated fatty acid production through solid state fermentation Application of oleaginous yeast for lignocellulosic biomass based single cell oil production Utilization of micro-algal biomass for bioethanol production Poly-lactide production from lactic acid through fermentation technology Bacterial cellulose and its potential impact on industrial applications
Book Synopsis 26th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering by :
Download or read book 26th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-17 with total page 2482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 26th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering contains the papers presented at the 26th European Society of Computer-Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE) Event held at Portorož Slovenia, from June 12th to June 15th, 2016. Themes discussed at the conference include Process-product Synthesis, Design and Integration, Modelling, Numerical analysis, Simulation and Optimization, Process Operations and Control and Education in CAPE/PSE. Presents findings and discussions from the 26th European Society of Computer-Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE) Event
Book Synopsis Environmental Economics and Natural Resource Management by : David A. Anderson
Download or read book Environmental Economics and Natural Resource Management written by David A. Anderson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tools of environmental economics guide policymakers as they weigh development against nature, present against future, and certain benefits against uncertain consequences. The policies and research findings explained in this textbook are relevant to decisions made daily by individuals, firms, and governments. This textbook offers instructors and students a user-friendly, relevant, and up-to-date introduction to these topics while covering recent advancements in the field and significant political and economic changes. The fifth edition has been thoroughly updated while retaining the story-based narratives and visual emphasis of previous editions, capturing students’ attention with full-color photos, graphs, and illustrations. It addresses the impact of changes in world leaders, national priorities, and international agreements along with key developments in the energy sector. These include the way hydraulic fracturing and the surging popularity of natural gas have revolutionized the fossil fuel industries; how new, green-energy technologies are bringing prices down and efficiency levels up; and the arrival of innovative energy sources such as ocean-thermal energy conversion. Environmental Economics and Natural Resource Management promotes environmental and economic literacy with policy-oriented, application-based content, all delivered in concise, accessible discussions. Through its engaging approach, the text brings the economic way of thinking into discussions of personal, community, corporate, and government activities that affect environmental assets and the quality of life.
