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Ecological Systems Of The Geo Biosphere
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Book Synopsis Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere by : Heinrich Walter
Download or read book Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere written by Heinrich Walter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We shall limit our observations to the conditions in natural ecosystems, since it would be beyond the scope of this book to embark upon a consideration of secondary, man-made ecosystems. 2. Classification of the Geo-biosphere into Zonobiomes The biosphere is the thin layer of the earth's surface to which the phenomena connected with living matter are confined. On land, this comprises the lowest layer of the atmosphere permanently inhabited by living organisms and into which plants extend, as well as the root-containing portion of the lithosphere, which we term the soil. Living organisms are also found in all bodies of water, to the very depths of the oceans. In a watery medium, however, cycling of material is achieved by means other than those on land, and the organisms (plankton) are so different that aquatic ecosystems have to be dealt with separately. The biosphere is therefore subdivided into (a) the geo-biosphere comprising terrestrial ecosystems, and (b) the hydro-biosphere, comprising aquatic ecosystems, which is the field of hydrobiologists (oceanographers and limnologists) . Our studies are confined to the geo-biosphere (Walter 1976), which constitutes the habitat of man and is, therefore, of special interest. The prevailing climate, being the primary independent factor in the environment, can be used as a basis for further subdivision of the geo-biosphere since the formation of soil and type of vegetation are dependent upon it (see p. 3), and it has not yet been substantially influenced by man.
Book Synopsis Vegetationszonen und Klima Engl by : Heinrich Walter
Download or read book Vegetationszonen und Klima Engl written by Heinrich Walter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-08-07 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zonobiome, desert, Tundra, Taiga, laurel, ecosystem, grassland, climate, forest, tropical, woodlands, rain.
Book Synopsis Walter’s Vegetation of the Earth by : Siegmar-Walter Breckle
Download or read book Walter’s Vegetation of the Earth written by Siegmar-Walter Breckle and published by Springer. This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vegetation, soil and climate are the most important components of ecological systems. This long-awaited fourth edition of the well-established textbook by Heinrich Walter summarizes our knowledge of the earth's ecology and constitutes the basis for a deeper understanding of the larger interrelations on a global scale. While Walter's general concept remains unchanged, the individual chapters have been completely revised, enlarged and updated. The author's intimate knowledge of practically all classes of plants and climatic zones allows him to describe the various ecological systems in close detail. This richly illustrated textbook is a must for every student in the plant sciences.
Book Synopsis Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere by : Heinrich Walter
Download or read book Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere written by Heinrich Walter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere by : Heinrich Walter
Download or read book Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere written by Heinrich Walter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytomass and Primary Production of the Various Vegetational Zones and of the Entire Biosphere The biosphere is that thin layer at the earth's surface in which living organisms exist and biological cycling takes place. It includes the upper horizons of the soil in which plants root, the atmosphere near the ground, (insofar as organisms penetrate this space), and all the surface waters. More than 99% of the earth's biomass is phytomass, to which we shall limit our discussion. Amounts of phytomass are distinctly related to vegeta tional zones. Because accurate determination of phytomass and primary production is difficult, only gross estimates have been available until recently. However, in 1970, Bazilevich et al. published (in Russian) more accurate calculations, based on the rapidly accumulating literature, for the various thermal zones and bioclimatic regions of the earth. These authors calculated mean phyto mass and mean annual primary production for the various regions as dry mass (in tons) per hectare. On the basis of measurements of the areas covered by the individual regions, excluding rivers, lakes, glaciers, and permanent snow, total phytomass and total annual primary production for the various regions were obtained (see table). The sum of these figures is the phytomass and annual production of the land surface of the earth. In addition, the table gives corresponding data for the waters of the earth. The values involved are potential i. e. , they are based on natural vegetation uninfluenced by man.
Book Synopsis Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere by : Heinrich Walter
Download or read book Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere written by Heinrich Walter and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coviability of Social and Ecological Systems: Reconnecting Mankind to the Biosphere in an Era of Global Change by : Olivier Barrière
Download or read book Coviability of Social and Ecological Systems: Reconnecting Mankind to the Biosphere in an Era of Global Change written by Olivier Barrière and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-12 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second volume is the work of more than 55 authors from 15 different disciplines and includes complex systems science which studies the viability of components, and also the study of empirical situations. As readers will discover, the coviability of social and ecological systems is based on the contradiction between humanity, which adopts finalized objectives, and the biosphere, which refers to a ecological functions. We see how concrete situations shed light on the coviability’s determinants, and in this book the very nature of the coviability, presented as a concept-paradigm, is defined in a transversal and ontological ways. By adopting a systemic approach, without advocating any economic dogma (such as development) or dichotomizing between humans and nature, while emphasizing what is relevant to humans and what is not, this work neutrally contextualizes man’s place in the biosphere. It offers a new mode of thinking and positioning of the ecological imperative, and will appeal to all those working with social and ecological systems.
Book Synopsis Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere by : Heinrich Walter
Download or read book Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere written by Heinrich Walter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Volume 1 of this four-volume series, ecological problems of a general nature were discussed from a global point of view. Familiarity with this is essential for a full understanding of the more specialized treatment in this and subsequent volumes, for no similar approach is to be found in other ecological handbooks for beginners. This present volume deals in detail with the special ecological relation ships of the tropical and subtropical zonobiomes I to III. Most ecologists proceed from the basis of their experience in the temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. As a result, many ecological writings show a certain one-sidedness and there is a danger that generalizations made will not be broadly applicable. To avoid this, particular emphasis is laid, in this vol urne, on the special ecological features and the characteristics of the trop ical and subtropical regions. More specifically, we deal not only with the relationship of the euclimatope to zonal soils and zonal vegetation, but also pay attention to azonal conditions shown in pedobiomes and in the altitudinal belts of mountains, the orobiomes. In this and the subsequent volumes the same simple scheme is followed in treating each zonobiome: 1. climate; 2. soils; 3. producers; 4. consum ers; 5. decomposers; 6. ecosystems; 7. sub division into biomes; 8. oro biomes; 9. pedobiomes and 10. zonoecotones. Where it has appeared expedient, however, we have occasionally deviated from this scheme (see Deserts D, F, G and H).
Download or read book The Biosphere written by Ian K. Bradbury and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Biosphere Second Edition Ian K. Bradbury Department of Geography. University of Liverpool, UK The Biosphere provides a comprehensive introductory overview of functional, historical and geographical aspects of the 'living world'. It has been written particularly for first and second year students of geography and environmental science in higher education with little background in biology but whose interests in the environment and environmental problems requires some knowledge of organisms and ecosystems. The first part of the book provides an accessible introduction to life on earth, covering such key topics as levels of organization in the biosphere, the chemical make up of organisms and energy and life. The second part of the book emphasizes functional aspects of the biosphere, particularly the ways in which organisms acquire and process energy and materials and how these are transferred through ecological systems. Special attention is paid to 'applied' aspects, particularly crop and livestock production. The third part of the book provides an overview of the history of life on earth, emphasizing major evolutionary 'events' and their significance for the biosphere. This part begins with a consideration of life's origins and concludes with a section on the evolution of hominids. The fourth part of the book focuses on geographical aspects of the biosphere. The principles of species distribution are discussed and different approaches to the zonation of the biota are introduced. A final chapter deals with biodiversity, emphasizing its geographical variation. Throughout The Biosphere, the links between 'natural' processes and environmental issues such as pollution, climatic change and conservation are emphasized. The extensive use of cross referencing makes this book very helpful for the non specialist.
Book Synopsis Ecological systems of the geobiosphere by : Heinrich Walter
Download or read book Ecological systems of the geobiosphere written by Heinrich Walter and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere by : Heinrich Walter
Download or read book Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere written by Heinrich Walter and published by Springer. This book was released on 1989-08-17 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the end of the last century, the only region in all of Europe where the natural vegetation remained untouched over large expanses was Eastern Europe. Information on the vegetation of this region however, remained mostly unavailable to western scientists although the ecological approach to botanical research originated in Eastern Europe. Heinrich Walter was born in Russia, studied Natural Sciences - with emphasis on botany - in Odessa and is familiar with all relevant Russian literature on ecology. This volume thus offers scientists worldwide a unique and comprehensive survey of all relevant research, including the mostly unknown literature published in Russian.
Book Synopsis Ecological systems of the geobiosphere by : Heinrich Walter
Download or read book Ecological systems of the geobiosphere written by Heinrich Walter and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coviability of Social and Ecological Systems: Reconnecting Mankind to the Biosphere in an Era of Global Change by : Olivier Barrière
Download or read book Coviability of Social and Ecological Systems: Reconnecting Mankind to the Biosphere in an Era of Global Change written by Olivier Barrière and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers the principle of ‘sustainable development’ which is currently facing a growing environmental crisis. A new mode of thinking and positioning the ecological imperative is the major input of this volume. The prism of co-viability is not the economics of political agencies that carry the ideology of the dominant/conventional economic schools, but rather an opening of innovation perspectives through science. This volume, through its four parts, more than 40 chapters and a hundred authors, gives birth to a paradigm which crystallizes within a concept that will support in overcoming the ecological emergency deadlock.
Download or read book Ecology written by Christian Leveque and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-01-10 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an understanding of the joint dynamics of physical, chemical, and biological components of the ecosystem, and describes the role of ecology as an operational environmental science in solving environmental problems.
Book Synopsis Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere by : Heinrich Walter
Download or read book Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere written by Heinrich Walter and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986-11-01 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Volume 1 of this four-volume series, ecological problems of a general nature were discussed from a global point of view. Familiarity with this is essential for a full understanding of the more specialized treatment in this and subsequent volumes, for no similar approach is to be found in other ecological handbooks for beginners. This present volume deals in detail with the special ecological relation ships of the tropical and subtropical zonobiomes I to III. Most ecologists proceed from the basis of their experience in the temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. As a result, many ecological writings show a certain one-sidedness and there is a danger that generalizations made will not be broadly applicable. To avoid this, particular emphasis is laid, in this vol urne, on the special ecological features and the characteristics of the trop ical and subtropical regions. More specifically, we deal not only with the relationship of the euclimatope to zonal soils and zonal vegetation, but also pay attention to azonal conditions shown in pedobiomes and in the altitudinal belts of mountains, the orobiomes. In this and the subsequent volumes the same simple scheme is followed in treating each zonobiome: 1. climate; 2. soils; 3. producers; 4. consum ers; 5. decomposers; 6. ecosystems; 7. sub division into biomes; 8. oro biomes; 9. pedobiomes and 10. zonoecotones. Where it has appeared expedient, however, we have occasionally deviated from this scheme (see Deserts D, F, G and H).
Book Synopsis Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere by :
Download or read book Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Geological Record of Ecological Dynamics by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Geological Record of Ecological Dynamics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-02-13 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to answer important questions about ecosystems and biodiversity, scientists can look to the past geological recordâ€"which includes fossils, sediment and ice cores, and tree rings. Because of recent advances in earth scientists' ability to analyze biological and environmental information from geological data, the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Geological Survey asked a National Research Council (NRC) committee to assess the scientific opportunities provided by the geologic record and recommend how scientists can take advantage of these opportunities for the nation's benefit. The committee identified three initiatives for future research to be developed over the next decade: (1) use the geological record as a "natural laboratory" to explore changes in living things under a range of past conditions, (2) use the record to better predict the response of biological systems to climate change, and (3) use geologic information to evaluate the effects of human and non-human factors on ecosystems. The committee also offered suggestions for improving the field through better training, improved databases, and additional funding.
