Earthworms For Monitoring Metal Contamination

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Earthworms for Monitoring Metal Contamination

Author : Barbara Płytycz
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781606923801
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Earthworms for Monitoring Metal Contamination by : Barbara Płytycz

Download or read book Earthworms for Monitoring Metal Contamination written by Barbara Płytycz and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthworms are widely used to assess the bioavailability and deleterious effects of metals in contaminated soils. This book discusses some of the direct and indirect methods that have recently been used to determine the ligand-binding speciation and the extent of the toxicologically-important bio-reactive metal and metalloid fractions in the cells of earthworms as receptor organisms. It proceeds to describe suites of cell-based biomarkers (e.g. morphometrics; neutral red retention time and immuno-competence assays), and their variants, that are more-or-less widely used for reporting chemically-evoked stress in earthworms under laboratory, semi-field, and field exposure conditions. NMR-based metabonomic profiling of the tissues of stressed earthworms is reviewed, and the potential of infra-red microspectroscopy for determining the biochemical profiles of specific cells in different functional states is highlighted. The way that the rapidly expanding genomic database is beginning to inform and propel research designed to further understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning metal trafficking and toxicosis at the level of cells, partly through the provision of immuno-histochemical and in situ hybridisation 'tools', is discussed. The book concludes with the prediction that the future will see the adoption of high-throughput cellular, as well as molecular-genetic, biomarker techniques in earthworm ecotoxicology, possibly with parallel metal fractionation measurements done as a desirable component of experimental design.

Biological Monitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution

Author : M. H. Martin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400973527
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Monitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution by : M. H. Martin

Download or read book Biological Monitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution written by M. H. Martin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past two decades there has been an increasing public awareness of the hazards that exist from the contamination of the environment by toxic substances. 'Heavy metals' and the terrestrial environment are but one facet of the impact of toxic substances on the natural environment, and the use of biological materials for indicating the occurrence of, and continually monitoring the presence of, these materials is a specific topic which is of considerable interest to a diverse range of individuals, organisations and disciplines. It was our intention when we first en visaged this book that it should contain a description of a range of circumstances in which biological monitoring techniques have been employed in the terrestrial environment and that it should be seen as a practical text which dealt with the merits, shortcomings and suitability of biological monitoring materials. Monitoring is, however, a manifold process. It serves not only to provide information on past and present concentrations of toxic materials in various components of the environ ment, but also to provide information on the processes of environmental release, transport, accumulation and toxicity. Indeed, this may be one of the greatest virtues of biological monitoring over other forms of monitor ing. According to the skill of the staff employed in the monitoring procedure, the information that is accrued can have a vastly different value.

Environmental Pollution

Author : Rachel H. Plattenberg
Publisher : Nova Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781600212857
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Pollution by : Rachel H. Plattenberg

Download or read book Environmental Pollution written by Rachel H. Plattenberg and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollution is the release of chemical, physical, biological or radioactive contaminants to the environment. Principal forms of pollution include: air pollution, the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. Common examples include carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles. Ozone and smog are created as nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react to sunlight. Water pollution affects oceans and inland bodies of water. Examples include organic and inorganic chemicals, heavy metals, petrochemicals, chloroform, and bacteria. Water pollution may also occur in the form of thermal pollution and the depletion of dissolved oxygen. Soil contamination often occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground storage tank leakage. Contaminants include hydrocarbons, heavy metals, MTBE, herbicides, pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Often occurs with water pollution, thanks to surface runoff and groundwater. Radioactive contamination was added in the wake of 20th-century discoveries in atomic physics. Noise pollution encompasses roadway noise, aircraft noise, industrial noise as well as high-intensity sonar. Light pollution, includes light trespass, over-illumination and astronomical interference. Visual pollution, which can refer to the presence of overhead power lines, highway billboards, scarred landforms (as from strip mining), open storage of junk or municipal solid waste. The nature, distribution and ecological effects of all types and forms of pollutants in air, soil and water are the subject of this book.

Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils

Author : Irena Sherameti
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319145266
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils by : Irena Sherameti

Download or read book Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils written by Irena Sherameti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-06 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following a description of the various sources and factors influencing the contents of heavy metal pollution in post-catastrophic and agricultural soils, subsequent chapters examine soil enzymes and eggs as bio-monitors, lead adsorption, the effects of arsenic on microbial diversity, and the effects of Mediterranean grasslands on abandoned mines. A third section focuses on the adaptation strategies used by plants and bacteria, such as Pinus sylvestris in industrial areas, and the rhizosphere in contaminated tropical soils and soil treated with sewage sludge. Further topics addressed include strategies of bioremediation, e.g. using transgenic plants as tools for soil remediation. This new volume on heavy metals in soil will be of interest to researchers and scholars in microbial and plant biotechnology, agriculture, the environmental sciences and soil ecology.

Detoxification of Heavy Metals

Author : Irena Sherameti
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642214088
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Detoxification of Heavy Metals by : Irena Sherameti

Download or read book Detoxification of Heavy Metals written by Irena Sherameti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heavy metals are severe environmental pollutants, and many of them are toxic even at very low concentrations. With industrial development, soil pollution with heavy metal elements have dramatically increased. The uptake of heavy metals via plants that are exposed to contaminated soils is a risk for human health and a major hazard for the ecosystem as a whole, including soil microorganisms. On the other hand, plants may be used in the decontamination of soils. The topics presented in this book include: sources of heavy metals contaminants in soils; plant species that can grow on contaminated soils; the phytoremediation of contaminated soils; tolerance, accumulation and detoxification mechanisms of zinc, copper, arsenic, cadmium and vanadium in plants; the critical role of sulfur metabolism in heavy metal tolerance; the role of aquatic macrophytes, plant growth-promoting bacteria, sugar crops and earthworms in detoxification; and heavy metal stabilization by promoting zeolite synthesis in soils.

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Earthworms Exposed to Spatially Variable Soil Contamination

Author : Mari Marinussen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789054856313
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (563 download)

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Book Synopsis Heavy Metal Accumulation in Earthworms Exposed to Spatially Variable Soil Contamination by : Mari Marinussen

Download or read book Heavy Metal Accumulation in Earthworms Exposed to Spatially Variable Soil Contamination written by Mari Marinussen and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecotoxicity of contaminated soil is commonly tested in standard laboratory tests. Extrapolation of these data to the field scale is complicated due to considerable differences between conditions in laboratory tests and conditions in situ in contaminated soils. In this thesis, heavy metal accumulation in earthworms was studied under various laboratory conditions to identify and obtain knowledge that is needed to predict accumulation in earthworms exposed to in situ soil contamination. Both Cu accumulation-rate and Cu excretion-rate appeared large, which implies that Cu tissue concentrations in earthworms change rapidly in spatially variable contaminated soils. Soil moisture content did not influence the heavy metal accumulation. Soil PH did not influence the Cu availability for uptake, but significantly affected the toxicity of Cu contaminated soil. This indicates that there are two different exposure routes. Earthworms were also exposed to soil containing a mixture of Cd and Cu. A considerable tissue Cd accumulation, which could result in an increase in Cu binding capacity of earthworms, did not affect tissue Cu accumulation in these group of earthworms. Also the addition of Pb to Cu contaminated soil, which could result in an increase in Cu availability, did not affect tissue Cu accumulation. The results of the laboratory experiments imply that of factors studied only the total extractable soil Cu content controls tissue Cu accumulation, whereas mortality is controlled by Cu concentrations in soil solution. Predictions of tissue Cu accumulation in earthworms that were introduced in a heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Zn) contaminated site were based on these assumptions. Measurements of tissue Cu concentration appeared in excellent agreement with the observations in laboratory studies. Hence, laboratory studies with earthworms are very useful for estimation of the effects of soil contamination in situ on earthworms, provided that laboratory conditions are realistic with regard to field conditions.

Earthworm Assisted Remediation of Effluents and Wastes

Author : Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811545227
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Earthworm Assisted Remediation of Effluents and Wastes by : Sartaj Ahmad Bhat

Download or read book Earthworm Assisted Remediation of Effluents and Wastes written by Sartaj Ahmad Bhat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides updated and comprehensive information on the effective functioning of earthworms used alone or in combination with other biological systems/microbes, as well as factors affecting the process and performance of vermiremediation under a range of conditions. It also compares earthworm assisted vermifiltration with other conventional biochemical methods. Presenting cutting-edge research on the earthworm assisted remediation of industrial and municipal effluents and sludges, along with its role in solid waste management (SWM), the book will benefit readers from the research community and industrial sector alike, familiarizing them with the latest remediation techniques for wastewater and different types of solid waste.

Earthworm Technology in Organic Waste Management

Author : Kui Huang
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0443160511
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis Earthworm Technology in Organic Waste Management by : Kui Huang

Download or read book Earthworm Technology in Organic Waste Management written by Kui Huang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-10-08 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthworm Technology in Organic Waste Management: Recent Trends and Advances is a suitable contribution to the Waste and The Environment: Underlying Burdens And Management Strategies series that will be helpful in classifying and broadly addressing assessments, mitigation strategies, and the management of organic wastes using earthworms. In addition, the book provides a summary of the latest findings on emerging pollution-related issues, their sustainable management, and future perspectives. The book covers recent trends and developments in organic waste management, including the use of earthworms in municipal and industrial waste management, the role of earthworms in vermifiltration/vermiwash, and of vermicompost in crops. Finally, the book covers the potential of earthworms in the remediation of emerging contaminants. This includes antibiotic resistance genes, heavy metals, pesticides, microplastics, and other emerging pollutants that are not covered in-depth in previously published titles. Covers a broad range of information on different aspects of organic waste treatment by earthworm technology Illustrates how earthworms can be used in modeling, assessment and management of environmental issues caused by geogenic, industrial and emerging pollutants Highlights the reuse and recycling of industrial and municipal organic waste and recovery of value-added resources from organic waste

Bioindicator Systems for Soil Pollution

Author : Nico M. van Straalen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792341758
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (417 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioindicator Systems for Soil Pollution by : Nico M. van Straalen

Download or read book Bioindicator Systems for Soil Pollution written by Nico M. van Straalen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-07-31 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: N.M. V AN STRAALEN** and D.A. KRIVOLUTSKY* **Department of Ecology and Ecotoxicology VrUe Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands *Institute of Evolutionary Animal Morphology and Ecology Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 33 117071 Moscow, Russian Federation Many industrialized and developing countries are faced with the assessment of potential risks associated with contaminated land. A variety of human activities, including municipal waste disposal, industrial emissions, military testing, and agricultural practices have left their impacts on soils in the form of elevated, and locally high concentrations of toxicants. In several cases sources have not yet been stopped and contamination continues. Decisions on the management of contaminated sites require information on the extent to which toxicants adversely affect the soil ecosystem. For this purpose, it is often insufficient to extrapolate from abiotic sampling. The detection of a toxicant in the abiotic environment usually does not allow a very strong conclusion on the potential hazards.

Earthworm Ecology

Author : Clive A. Edwards
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420039717
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Earthworm Ecology by : Clive A. Edwards

Download or read book Earthworm Ecology written by Clive A. Edwards and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-03-29 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthworm Ecology, Second Edition updates the most comprehensive work available on earthworm ecology with extensive revisions of the original chapters. New chapters analyze the history of earthworm research, the importance of earthworms as representatives of soil fauna and how they affect plant growth, the effects of the invasion of exotic earthworms into North America and other regions, and vermiculture and vermicomposting in Europe.This well-illustrated, expansive study examines the important and often overlooked impact earthworms have on the environment. It discusses the impact of climate, soil properties, predation, disease and parasitism, and competition upon earthworm ecology.

Interaction and Fate of Pharmaceuticals in Soil-Crop Systems

Author : Sandra Pérez Solsona
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030612902
Total Pages : 529 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Interaction and Fate of Pharmaceuticals in Soil-Crop Systems by : Sandra Pérez Solsona

Download or read book Interaction and Fate of Pharmaceuticals in Soil-Crop Systems written by Sandra Pérez Solsona and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-28 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the fate and interaction of pharmaceuticals in soil-crop systems. It addresses the principles of their transport, uptake and metabolism and reviews methodologies for their analytical determination. It also discusses ecotoxicological effects arising from their presence and highlights bioremediation approaches for their removal. The use of treated wastewater to irrigate crops is becoming more widespread in regions where freshwater is limited. This practice conserves freshwater resources and contributes to nutrient recycling. However, concerns remain regarding the safety of irrigation with treated wastewater since it contains residues of pharmaceuticals that have survived treatment, which means that soil and fauna are potentially exposed to these xenobiotics. Various pathways govern the fate of pharmaceuticals in crop-soil systems, including soil degradation; formation of non-extractable residues; uptake by soil-dwelling organisms (e.g. earthworms); and uptake, transport, and metabolism in agricultural crops. Investigations into these aspects have only recently been initiated, and there is still a long way to go before a meaningful assessment of the impact of wastewater has been completed.

Biological Monitoring of Environmental Contaminants

Author : Yusaf Samiullah
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 796 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Monitoring of Environmental Contaminants by : Yusaf Samiullah

Download or read book Biological Monitoring of Environmental Contaminants written by Yusaf Samiullah and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Environment, Energy and Climate Change I

Author : Elena Jiménez
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319129074
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Environment, Energy and Climate Change I by : Elena Jiménez

Download or read book Environment, Energy and Climate Change I written by Elena Jiménez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-16 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a comprehensive overview of advanced research in the field of environmental green chemistry for air, soil and water pollutants, and presents emerging technologies on the chemical treatment of polluted sites and wastes. The 15 chapters, prepared by internationally respected experts, address the following topics: (1) monitoring of indoor and outdoor air pollutants; (2) atmospheric degradation processes and formation mechanisms of secondary pollutants; (3) the environmental assessment and impacts of soils polluted by heavy metals and hydrocarbons; (4) sustainable and emerging technologies for the chemical treatment of organic and animal wastes and wastewaters; (5) photocatalytic CO2 conversion methods for the mitigation of greenhouse effects; and (6) non-conventional methods in green chemistry synthesis. Lastly, the authors outline the future perspectives of each topic. Given its multidisciplinary approach, combining environmental analysis and engineering, the book offers a valuable resource for all researchers and students interested in environmental chemistry and engineering.

Water Pollution

Author : Nuray Balkis
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9533079622
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Water Pollution by : Nuray Balkis

Download or read book Water Pollution written by Nuray Balkis and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-02-24 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water pollution is a major global problem that requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water resource policy at all levels (from international down to individual aquifers and wells). It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, industrialized countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well. Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants and either does not support a human use, such as drinking water, and/or undergoes a marked shift in its ability to support its constituent biotic communities, such as fish. Natural phenomena such as volcanoes, algae blooms, storms, and earthquakes also cause major changes in water quality and the ecological status of water. Most water pollutants are eventually carried by rivers into the oceans.

Biological Variables for Monitoring the Effects of Pollution in Small Catchment Areas

Author : Rein Ratsep
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9788773035412
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (354 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Variables for Monitoring the Effects of Pollution in Small Catchment Areas by : Rein Ratsep

Download or read book Biological Variables for Monitoring the Effects of Pollution in Small Catchment Areas written by Rein Ratsep and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1996 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On cover: Environment. monitoring.

Soil and Your Health

Author : Beatrice Trum Hunter
Publisher : Basic Health Publications, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 9781591200628
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil and Your Health by : Beatrice Trum Hunter

Download or read book Soil and Your Health written by Beatrice Trum Hunter and published by Basic Health Publications, Inc.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In "Soil and Your Health," eminent health writer and environmentalist Beatrice Trum Hunter discusses the natural resource that grows our fruits and vegetables. The quality of food depends on the quality of the soil in which it is grown. Is organically produced food superior to conventionally grown food? How do earthworms and trace minerals benefit the soil and the food and feed grown on it? How do intentionally applied fertilizers, pesticides, and sludge, as well as inadvertent contaminannt affect soil? Hunter responds to the mounting soil-quality crisis with hopeful answers and measures beginning in our own gardens and farms."--Publisher description.

Soil Heavy Metals

Author : Irena Sherameti
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364202436X
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Heavy Metals by : Irena Sherameti

Download or read book Soil Heavy Metals written by Irena Sherameti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-12 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human activities have dramatically changed the composition and organisation of soils. Industrial and urban wastes, agricultural application and also mining activities resulted in an increased concentration of heavy metals in soils. How plants and soil microorganisms cope with this situation and the sophisticated techniques developed for survival in contaminated soils is discussed in this volume. The topics presented include: the general role of heavy metals in biological soil systems; the relation of inorganic and organic pollutions; heavy metal, salt tolerance and combined effects with salinity; effects on abuscular mycorrhizal and on saprophytic soil fungi; heavy metal resistance by streptomycetes; trace element determination of environmental samples; the use of microbiological communities as indicators; phytostabilization of lead polluted sites by native plants; effects of soil earthworms on removal of heavy metals and the remediation of heavy metal contaminated tropical land.