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Dynamics Of Nanoparticles In Stagnation Flames
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Book Synopsis Dynamics of Nanoparticles in Stagnation Flames by : Yiyang Zhang
Download or read book Dynamics of Nanoparticles in Stagnation Flames written by Yiyang Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies the collision, coalescence and deposition of nanoparticles in stagnation flames. With the help of synthesis experiments, in-situ laser diagnostics and molecular dynamics simulations, it investigates the growth of nanoparticles in flames and their deposition in boundary layers at a macroscopic flow field scale, as well as particle and molecular scale issues such as the interaction force between particles, how the collision rate is enhanced by attractive forces, and how the nano-scale coalescence process is influenced by the high surface curvature – all of which are crucial to understanding nanoparticle transport phenomena at high temperatures. The book also reports on a novel in-situ laser diagnostics phenomenon called phase-selective laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and related applications for tracing gas-to-particle transitions and measuring local particle volume fractions in nano-aerosols.
Book Synopsis Characterization of NOx and Soot in Premixed Stagnation Flames by : Kevin Wan
Download or read book Characterization of NOx and Soot in Premixed Stagnation Flames written by Kevin Wan and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly strict regulations on NOx and soot emissions from combustion systems drives the need to develop strategies to reduce them. One such strategy is to reduce them at the source. A basic understanding about how they form and how to properly characterize them is critical to improved combustion system design. In this dissertation, NOx formation is studied experimentally and numerically for a typical jet fuel. Characterization of soot by transmission electron microscopy and optical diagnostics is reevaluated here. The dissertation presents findings with new implications on the suitability on the use of these techniques to study soot. Reliable NOx data in stagnation flames of a typical jet fuel is presented here. The predictive capability for NOx is tested by combining a HyChem model with a NOx submodel. NOx formation is measured in premixed stagnation flames of methane, ethylene and Jet A (POSF10325). The experimental data and model predictions show reasonably good agreement. However, the model appears to underpredict NOx formation in the fuel-rich Jet A flames. Additional prompt NO reaction pathways not yet accounted for may play a role in flames of large hydrocarbons. Transmission electron microscopy imaging of nascent soot was carried out to observe and quantify the annealing of soot samples under continuous irradiation of the high-energy electron beam. Soot samples are imaged in 2 minute intervals over a duration of 16 minutes. The structural transformation is visually unambiguous. The sensitivity of the fringe properties to the apparent changes in the nanostructures imaged is examined. The difficulties in quantifying soot composition through TEM are further illustrated by analyzing simulated images of molecular-dynamics generated particles. Together, the results highlight the difficulties in using electron microscopy to reliably quantify structural properties for nascent soot particles. Quantum confinement is examined in the ionization energy and optical band gap of soot nanoparticles over the range of 4-23 nm in volume median diameter. The results reveal that soot nanoparticles behave like an indirect band gap material due to the electronic structure of the aromatic molecules comprising the soot nanoparticles. Both the ionization energy and optical band gap are found to follow the quantum confinement effect closely. Cyclic voltammetry measurements and density functional theory calculations provide additional support for the quantum dot behavior observed. A model for the refractive index of nascent soot particles is proposed over the wavelength range of 185 - 1400 nm. The refractive index of soot is shown to depend on the primary particle size for the first time. The refractive indices evaluated for large soot particles are in close agreement with literature values in the visible spectrum. The imaginary component is strongly sensitive to the particle size, deviating significantly from literature values at wavelengths > 700 nm and particle sizes ~ 15 nm in diameter. This highlights the need to account for the size effect in the refractive index in optical diagnostics of soot in flames, with implications on earlier extinction and scattering measurements of flame soot during the early stage of soot growth.
Book Synopsis Nanomaterials Synthesis by : Yasir Beeran Pottathara
Download or read book Nanomaterials Synthesis written by Yasir Beeran Pottathara and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-05-29 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials Synthesis: Design, Fabrication and Applications combines the present and emerging trends of synthesis routes of nanomaterials with the incorporation of various technologies. The book covers the new trends and challenges in the synthesis and surface engineering of a wide range of nanomaterials, including emerging technologies used for their synthesis. Significant properties, safety and sustainability and environmental impacts of the synthesis routes are explored. This book is an important information source that will help materials scientists and engineers who want to learn more about how different classes of nanomaterials are designed. Highlights recent developments in, and opportunities created by, new nanomaterials synthesis methods Explains major synthesis techniques for different types of nanomaterials Discusses the challenges of using a variety of synthesis methods
Book Synopsis Adhesive Particle Flow by : Jeffery S. Marshall
Download or read book Adhesive Particle Flow written by Jeffery S. Marshall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-31 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a comprehensive treatment of adhesive particle flows, this book adopts a particle-level approach oriented toward directly simulating the various fluid, electric field, collision, and adhesion forces and torques acting on the particles, within the framework of a discrete-element model. It is ideal for professionals and graduate students working in engineering and atmospheric and condensed matter physics, materials science, environmental science, and other disciplines where particulate flows have a significant role. The presentation is applicable to a wide range of flow fields, including aerosols, colloids, fluidized beds, and granular flows. It describes both physical models of the various forces and torques on the particles as well as practical aspects necessary for efficient implementation of these models in a computational framework.
Book Synopsis Micro/Nano Materials for Clean Energy and Environment by : Zhongchao Tan
Download or read book Micro/Nano Materials for Clean Energy and Environment written by Zhongchao Tan and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-07-01 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tsinghua University–University of Waterloo Joint Research Center for Micro/Nano Energy & Environment Technology (JCMEET) is a platform. It was established on Nov.11, 2017. The Chairperson of University Council of Tsinghua University, Dr. Xu Chen, and the President of the University of Waterloo, Dr. Feridun Hamdullahpur, attended the opening ceremony and unveiled the nameplate for the joint research center on 29th of March, 2018. The research center serves as a platform for researchers at both universities to conduct joint research in the targeted areas, and to meet regularly for information exchange, talent exchange, and knowledge mobilization, especially in the fields of micro/nano, energy, and environmental technologies. The center focuses on three main interests: micro/nano energy technology, micro/nano pollution control technology, and relevant fundamental research. In order to celebrate the first anniversary of the Joint Research Center, we were invited to serve as the Guest Editors of this Special Issue of Materials focusing on the topic of micro/nano-materials for clean energy and environment. It collects research papers from a broad range of topics related to micro/nanostructured materials aimed at future energy resources, low emission energy conversion, energy storage, energy efficiency improvement, air emission control, air monitoring, air cleaning, and many other related applications. This Special Issue provides an opportunity and example for the international community to discuss how to actively address the energy and environment issues that we are facing.
Book Synopsis Fundamental Studies of Gas-to-particle Conversion for Nanoparticle Synthesis in Flames by : Shruthi Dasappa
Download or read book Fundamental Studies of Gas-to-particle Conversion for Nanoparticle Synthesis in Flames written by Shruthi Dasappa and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dissertation focuses on fundamental processes involved in the formation of carbon and manganese oxide nanoparticles by gas-to-particle conversion. A systematic approach through complementary experimental and modeling is implemented to study the evolution of flame formed particles and their dependence on flame conditions and growth environment. Stretch stabilized stagnation flames are utilized to assess flame temperature and equivalence ratio effects for soot formed in higher-temperature regimes. This unique condition (Tf > 2100 K) results in a new combination of "young", nucleation sized particles with a "mature" carbon structure. A significant transformation in carbon structure observed from the evolution in Raman spectra promises development of functional high-surface area sp2 carbon materials. Particle nucleation and growth of manganese oxide nanoparticles is examined in a complementary experimental and modeling study of high temperature premixed stagnation flames. Manganese oxide nanoparticles having varying oxidation states are observed depending on the flame conditions. Analysis of the formation of MnO indicates that a thermodynamic barrier limits nucleation. Fundamental insights gained from simple laboratory flames inform particle formation in turbulent spray flames. The dissertation provides insight into flame spray synthesis (FSS), facilitating scaled, cost-effective, and versatile nanoparticle synthesis. FSS of carbon black is studied using coal tar distillate diluted in toluene as a carbon particle feedstock. Although the precursor is the same, this synthesis differs from conventional furnace black processes. Particles are formed directly in the flame rather than through downstream pyrolysis. Resulting carbon black particles are small but could potentially be tailored based on growth conditions. A new diagnostic for determining chemical species information is introduced in collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory. Multi-probe optical emission spectroscopy is performed to analyze the axial evolution of manganese during FSS. "Optical Emission Spectroscopy Tool (OSAT)" is developed to enable data analysis, systematic feature recognition and axial species evolution. The axial evolution of Mn(I) through the flame provides fundamental insight such as the location of oxide formation. This dissertation focusses on fundamental gas-to-particle conversion processes. Understanding the fundamental dependence of nanoparticles on the flame growth conditions is key towards engineering the size, structure, and morphology.
Book Synopsis Adhesive Particle Flow by : Jeffery S. Marshall
Download or read book Adhesive Particle Flow written by Jeffery S. Marshall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-31 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is targeted at professionals and graduate students working in disciplines where flow of adhesive particles plays a significant role.
Book Synopsis Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application: 2012 Edition by :
Download or read book Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 14170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Nanotechnology. The editors have built Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Nanotechnology in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Book Synopsis Simulations of Nanoparticle Synthesis in Laminar Stagnation Flames by : Eric Bringley
Download or read book Simulations of Nanoparticle Synthesis in Laminar Stagnation Flames written by Eric Bringley and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Flame Synthesis of Nano-particles by : Daniel E. Rosner
Download or read book Flame Synthesis of Nano-particles written by Daniel E. Rosner and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dynamics of Nanoparticles in Fluids and at Interfaces by : Weikang Chen
Download or read book Dynamics of Nanoparticles in Fluids and at Interfaces written by Weikang Chen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aerosols written by Pratim Biswas and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-07-18 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol science and engineering is a vibrant field of particle technology and chemical reaction engineering. The book presents a timely account of this interdisciplinary topic and its various application areas. It will be of interest to scientists or engineers active in aerosol physics, aerosol or colloid chemistry, atmospheric processes, and chemical, mechanical, environmental and/or materials engineering.
Book Synopsis Solar Fuels by : Nurdan Demirci Sankir
Download or read book Solar Fuels written by Nurdan Demirci Sankir and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most important obstacle to solar meeting all our energy needs is that solar energy is not always accessible and therefore cannot be used when needed. Therefore, the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy, which has become more and more important in recent years, is a groundbreaking topic in the field of renewable energy. This type of chemical energy is called solar fuel. Hydrogen, methanol, methane, and carbon monoxide are among the solar fuels, which can be produced via solar-thermal, artificial photosynthesis, photocatalytic or photoelectrochemical routes. The Advances in Solar Cell Materials and Storage series aims to provide information on new and cutting-edge materials, advanced solar cell designs and architecture, and new concepts in photovoltaic conversion and storage. Solar Fuels, which is the third volume of this series, compiles the objectives related to the new semiconductor materials and manufacturing techniques for solar fuel generation. Chapters are written by distinguished authors who have extensive experience in their fields. A multidisciplinary contributor profile including chemical engineering, materials science, environmental engineering, and mechanical and aerospace engineering provides a broader point of view and coverage of the topic. Therefore, readers absolutely will have a chance to learn about not only the fundamentals but also the various aspects of the materials science and manufacturing technologies for solar fuel production. Moreover, readers from diverse fields will definitely take advantage of this book to comprehend the impacts of solar energy conversion in chemical form.
Book Synopsis Ultrafast Dynamics of Nanoparticles in Highly Intense X-Ray Pulses by : Maximilian Jakob Bucher
Download or read book Ultrafast Dynamics of Nanoparticles in Highly Intense X-Ray Pulses written by Maximilian Jakob Bucher and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gas Phase Nanoparticle Synthesis by : Claes Granqvist
Download or read book Gas Phase Nanoparticle Synthesis written by Claes Granqvist and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-12-10 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with gas-phase nanoparticle synthesis and is intended for researchers and research students in nanomaterials science and engineering, condensed matter physics and chemistry, and aerosol science. Gas-phase nanoparticle synthesis is instrumental to nanotechnology—a field in current focus that raises hopes for environmentally benign, resource-lean manufacturing. Nanoparticles can be produced by many physical, chemical, and even biological routes. Gas-phase synthesis is particularly interesting since one can achieve accurate manufacturing control and hence industrial viability. Nanotechnology is popular today. However, basic scientific aspects of the relevant, underlying processes have not received sufficient attention. This book fills the gap in the current literature by addressing certain fundamentals of gas-phase nanoparticle synthesis. Chapters cover topics such as forces within and dynamics of nanoparticle systems, gas evaporation and deposition, laser assisted nanoparticle synthesis, and nanoparticle fabrication via flame processes. A chapter on in-situ structural studies of nanoparticles undergoing growth complements the exposition.
Book Synopsis A Gallery of Combustion and Fire by : Charles E. Baukal, Jr.
Download or read book A Gallery of Combustion and Fire written by Charles E. Baukal, Jr. and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Gallery of Combustion and Fire is the first book to provide a graphical perspective of the extremely visual phenomenon of combustion in full color. It is designed primarily to be used in parallel with, and supplement existing combustion textbooks that are usually in black and white, making it a challenge to visualize such a graphic phenomenon. Each image includes a description of how it was generated, which is detailed enough for the expert but simple enough for the novice. Processes range from small scale academic flames up to full scale industrial flames under a wide range of conditions such as low and normal gravity, atmospheric to high pressures, actual and simulated flames, and controlled and uncontrolled flames. Containing over 500 color images, with over 230 contributors from over 75 organizations, this volume is a valuable asset for experts and novices alike.
Book Synopsis Combustion Generated Fine Carbonaceous Particles by : Andrea D'Anna
Download or read book Combustion Generated Fine Carbonaceous Particles written by Andrea D'Anna and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-13 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soot is of importance for its contribution to atmospheric particles with their adverse health impacts and for its contributions to heat transfer in furnaces and combustors, to luminosity from candles, and to smoke that hinders escape from buildings during fires and that impacts global warming or cooling. The different chapters of the book adress comprehensively the different aspects from fundamental approaches to applications in technical combustion devices.
