Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Dynamic Fracture Conductivity An Experimental Investigation Based On Factorial Analysis
Download Dynamic Fracture Conductivity An Experimental Investigation Based On Factorial Analysis full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Dynamic Fracture Conductivity An Experimental Investigation Based On Factorial Analysis ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Dynamic Fracture Conductivity --An Experimental Investigation Based on Factorial Analysis by : Obadare O Awoleke
Download or read book Dynamic Fracture Conductivity --An Experimental Investigation Based on Factorial Analysis written by Obadare O Awoleke and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is about fracture conductivity; how to measure and model it based on experimental data. It is also about how to determine the relative importance of the factors that affect its magnitude and how to predict its magnitude based on these factors. We dynamically placed the slurry hereby simulating the slurry placement procedure in a field-scale fracture. We also used factorial and fractional factorial designs as the basis of our experimental investigation. The analysis and interpretation of experimental results take into account the stochastic nature of the process. We found that the relative importance of the investigated factors is dependent on the presence of outliers and how they are handled. Based on our investigation we concluded that the investigated factors arranged in order of decreasing impact on conductivity are: closure stress, polymer loading, flow back rate, presence of breaker, temperature and proppant concentration. In particular, we find that at high temperatures, fracture conductivity was severely reduced due to the formation of a dense proppant-polymer cake. Also, dehydration of the residual gel in the fracture at high flow back rates appears to cause severe damage to conductivity at higher temperatures. This represents a new way of thinking about the fracture cleanup process; not only as a displacement process, but also as a displacement and evaporative process. In engineering practice, this implies that aggressive flow back schemes are not necessarily beneficial for conductivity development. Also, we find that at low proppant concentrations, there is the increased likelihood of the formation of channels and high porosity fractures resulting in high fracture conductivities. The uniqueness of this work is a focus on the development of a conductivity model using regression analysis and also the illustration of a procedure that can be used to develop a conductivity model using dimensional analysis. We reviewed both methodologies and applied them to the challenge of modeling fracture conductivity from experimental studies. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149287
Book Synopsis Laboratory Study to Identify the Impact of Fracture Design Parameters Over the Final Fracture Conductivity Using the Dynamic Fracture Conductivity Test Procedure by : Andres Eduardo Pieve La Rosa
Download or read book Laboratory Study to Identify the Impact of Fracture Design Parameters Over the Final Fracture Conductivity Using the Dynamic Fracture Conductivity Test Procedure written by Andres Eduardo Pieve La Rosa and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This investigation carried out the analysis of fracture conductivity in a tight reservoir using laboratory experiments, by applying the procedure known as the dynamic fracture conductivity test. Considering the large number of experiments necessary to evaluate the effect of each parameter and the possible interaction of their combinations, the schedules of experiments were planned using a fractional factorial design. This design is used during the initial stage of studies to identify and discharge those factors that have little or no effect. Finally, the most important factors can then be studied in more detail during subsequent experiments. The objectives of this investigation were focused on identifying the effect of formation parameters such as closure stress, and temperature and fracture fluid parameters such as proppant loading over the final conductivity of a hydraulic fracture treatment. With the purpose of estimating the relation between fracture conductivity and the design parameters, two series of experiments were performed. The first set of experiments estimated the effects of the aliases parameters. The isolated effect of each independent parameter was obtained after the culmination of the second set of experiments. The preliminary test results indicated that the parameters with major negative effect over the final conductivity were closure stress and temperature. Some additional results show that proppant distribution had a considerable role over the final fracture conductivity when a low proppant concentration was used. Channels and void spaces in the proppant pack were detected on these cases improving the conductivity of the fracture, by creating paths of high permeability. It was observed that with experiments at temperatures around 250 degrees F, the unbroken gel dried up creating permeable scales that resulted in a significant loss in conductivity. The results of this investigation demonstrated that dynamic fracture conductivity test procedure is an excellent tool to more accurately represent the effects of design parameters over the fracture conductivity. These results are also the first step in the development of a statistical model that can be used to predict dynamic fracture conductivity.
Book Synopsis Experimental Investigation of Propped Fracture Conductivity in Tight Gas Reservoirs Using The Dynamic Conductivity Test by : Jose Domingo Romero Lugo
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Propped Fracture Conductivity in Tight Gas Reservoirs Using The Dynamic Conductivity Test written by Jose Domingo Romero Lugo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic Fracturing stimulation technology is used to increase the amount of oil and gas produced from low permeability reservoirs. The primary objective of the process is to increase the conductivity of the reservoir by the creation of fractures deep into the formation, changing the flow pattern from radial to linear flow. The dynamic conductivity test was used for this research to evaluate the effect of closure stress, temperature, proppant concentration, and flow back rates on fracture conductivity. The objective of performing a dynamic conductivity test is to be able to mimic actual field conditions by pumping fracturing fluid/proppant slurry fluid into a conductivity cell, and applying closure stress afterwards. In addition, a factorial design was implemented in order to determine the main effect of each of the investigated factors and to minimize the number of experimental runs. Due to the stochastic nature of the dynamic conductivity test, each experiment was repeated several times to evaluate the consistency of the results. Experimental results indicate that the increase in closure stress has a detrimental effect on fracture conductivity. This effect can be attributed to the reduction in fracture width as closure stress was increased. Moreover, the formation of channels at low proppant concentration plays a significant role in determining the final conductivity of a fracture. The presence of these channels created an additional flow path for nitrogen, resulting in a significant increase in the conductivity of the fracture. In addition, experiments performed at high temperatures and stresses exhibited a reduction in fracture conductivity. The formation of a polymer cake due to unbroken gel dried up at high temperatures further impeded the propped conductivity. The effect of nitrogen rate was observed to be inversely proportional to fracture conductivity. The significant reduction in fracture conductivity could possibly be due to the effect of polymer dehydration at higher flow rates and temperatures. However, there is no certainty from experimental results that this conductivity reduction is an effect that occurs in real fractures or whether it is an effect that is only significant in laboratory conditions. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148364
Book Synopsis Development, Setup and Testing of a Dynamic Hydraulic Fracture Conductivity Apparatus by : Potcharaporn Pongthunya
Download or read book Development, Setup and Testing of a Dynamic Hydraulic Fracture Conductivity Apparatus written by Potcharaporn Pongthunya and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most critical parameters in the success of a hydraulic fracturing treatment is to have sufficiently high fracture conductivity. Unbroken polymers can cause permeability impairment in the proppant pack and/or in the matrix along the fracture face. The objectives of this research project were to design and set up an experimental apparatus for dynamic fracture conductivity testing and to create a fracture conductivity test workflow standard. This entirely new dynamic fracture conductivity measurement will be used to perform extensive experiments to study fracturing fluid cleanup characteristics and investigate damage resulting from unbroken polymer gel in the proppant pack. The dynamic fracture conductivity experiment comprises two parts: pumping fracturing fluid into the cell and measuring proppant pack conductivity. I carefully designed the hydraulic fracturing laboratory to provide appropriate scaling of the field conditions experimentally. The specifications for each apparatus were carefully considered with flexibility for further studies and the capability of each apparatus was defined. I generated comprehensive experimental procedures for each experiment stage. By following the procedure, the experiment can run smoothly. Most of dry runs and experiments performed with sandstone were successful.
Book Synopsis Numerical-experimental Investigation of Dynamic Fracture by : S. Mall
Download or read book Numerical-experimental Investigation of Dynamic Fracture written by S. Mall and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Meta-analysis of Hydraulic Fracture Conductivity Data by : Mohammed Rashnur Rahman
Download or read book Meta-analysis of Hydraulic Fracture Conductivity Data written by Mohammed Rashnur Rahman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous empirical models of propped fracture conductivity are based either on data sourced from single investigations or on data not in the public domain. In this work, statistically rigorous models of propped fracture conductivity are developed using a database of fracture conductivity experiments reported in technical literature over the last 40 years. The database contains the results from about 2700 experimental runs. Propped fracture conductivity is the dependent variable and proppant types, mesh size, proppant concentration, formation hardness, closure stress, formation temperature, and polymer concentration are the independent variables. The mother database is partitioned into subsets; that is different databases with each daughter database having complete information in relation to the dependent and independent variables. As a result, the number of independent variables included in the daughter databases varied from three to six. Seventy percent of the data was used to develop the models while 30% of the data was used to validate them. First, fixed effect models were developed using regression analysis. Afterwards, three, four and five factor models were compared for two types of proppant: sand and ceramic proppant. The five factor model appeared to be the most prominent one. The analysis was further carried out using five factors of these two types of proppant. Mixed effect modeling was employed because of the disparate sources of the data and also the temporal diversity of the dataset. The mixed effect model appeared to be the better than the fixed effect model while compared the error terms. Also, because the mother database contained some missing values, two statistical imputation approaches were employed to predict the missing values which are categorical imputation and multiple imputation using chained equations. Imputations are employed because it is speculated that a model developed using a large number of data points should provide better predictions. Generally, the mean squared error (MSE) is less in the mixed effect model for sand and in the categorical imputation model for ceramic proppant. But, to be more precise on the performance of the models, model predictions were compared with an existing propped fracture conductivity model and different case histories published in literature. Subsequently, the models of this research can be arranged in order of predictive performance: multiple imputation model, mixed effect model, fixed effect/categorical imputation model. The results also indicate that mesh size, closure stress, formation hardness, and proppant concentration significantly affect fracture conductivity from a statistical point of view. Formation temperature and polymer concentration affect conductivity negatively but they were not statistically significant. Engineers will have access to a propped fracture conductivity database based on experiments reported over the past 40 years in technical literature. Engineers can use the models developed based on this database to generate statistical distributions of propped fracture conductivity for a variety of proppant characteristics and formation conditions. The models presented here are based on data from experimental investigations in different laboratories thereby reducing the bias that may be present in single laboratory investigations.
Book Synopsis An Experimental Investigation Into the Mechanics of Dynamic Fracture by : K. Ravi-Chandar
Download or read book An Experimental Investigation Into the Mechanics of Dynamic Fracture written by K. Ravi-Chandar and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Investigation of Propped Fracture Conductivity by : Abhinav Mittal
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Propped Fracture Conductivity written by Abhinav Mittal and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation and Effect of Fracturing Fluids on Fracture Conductivity in Tight Gas Reservoirs Using Dynamic Fracture Conductivity Test by : Juan Correa Castro
Download or read book Evaluation and Effect of Fracturing Fluids on Fracture Conductivity in Tight Gas Reservoirs Using Dynamic Fracture Conductivity Test written by Juan Correa Castro and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unconventional gas has become an important resource to help meet our future energy demands. Although plentiful, it is difficult to produce this resource, when locked in a massive sedimentary formation. Among all unconventional gas resources, tight gas sands represent a big fraction and are often characterized by very low porosity and permeability associated with their producing formations, resulting in extremely low production rate. The low flow properties and the recovery factors of these sands make necessary continuous efforts to reduce costs and improve efficiency in all aspects of drilling, completion and production techniques. Many of the recent improvements have been in well completions and hydraulic fracturing. Thus, the main goal of a hydraulic fracture is to create a long, highly conductive fracture to facilitate the gas flow from the reservoir to the wellbore to obtain commercial production rates. Fracture conductivity depends on several factors, such as like the damage created by the gel during the treatment and the gel clean-up after the treatment. This research is focused on predicting more accurately the fracture conductivity, the gel damage created in fractures, and the fracture cleanup after a hydraulic fracture treatment under certain pressure and temperature conditions. Parameters that alter fracture conductivity, such as polymer concentration, breaker concentration and gas flow rate, are also examined in this study. A series of experiments, using a procedure of "dynamical fracture conductivity test," were carried out. This procedure simulates the proppant/frac fluid slurries flow into the fractures in a low-permeability rock, as it occurs in the field, using different combinations of polymer and breaker concentrations under reservoirs conditions. The result of this study provides the basis to optimize the fracturing fluids and the polymer loading at different reservoir conditions, which may result in a clean and conductive fracture. Success in improving this process will help to decrease capital expenditures and increase the production in unconventional tight gas reservoirs.
Book Synopsis Experimental Investigation of Transient Thermoelastic Effects in Dynamic Fracture by : D. Rittel
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Transient Thermoelastic Effects in Dynamic Fracture written by D. Rittel and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of the Effect of Gel Residue on Hydraulic Fracture Conductivity Using Dynamic Fracture Conductivity Test by : Fivman Marpaung
Download or read book Investigation of the Effect of Gel Residue on Hydraulic Fracture Conductivity Using Dynamic Fracture Conductivity Test written by Fivman Marpaung and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The key to producing gas from tight gas reservoirs is to create a long, highly conductive flow path, via the placement of a hydraulic fracture, to stimulate flow from the reservoir to the wellbore. Viscous fluid is used to transport proppant into the fracture. However, these same viscous fluids need to break to a thin fluid after the treatment is over so that the fracture fluid can be cleaned up. In shallower, lower temperature (less than 250°F) reservoirs, the choice of a fracture fluid is very critical to the success of the treatment. Current hydraulic fracturing methods in unconventional tight gas reservoirs have been developed largely through ad-hoc application of low-cost water fracs, with little optimization of the process. It seems clear that some of the standard tests and models are missing some of the physics of the fracturing process in low-permeability environments. A series of the extensive laboratory "dynamic fracture conductivity" tests have been conducted. Dynamic fracture conductivity is created when proppant slurry is pumped into a hydraulic fracture in low permeability rock. Unlike conventional fracture conductivity tests in which proppant is loaded into the fracture artificially, we pump proppant/ fracturing fluid slurries into a fracture cell, dynamically placing the proppant just as it occurs in the field. Test results indicate that increasing gel concentration decreases retained fracture conductivity for a constant gas flow rate and decreasing gas flow rate decreases retained fracture conductivity. Without breaker, the damaging effect of viscous hydraulic fracturing fluids on the conductivity of proppant packs is significant at temperature of 150°F. Static conductivity testing results in higher retained fracture conductivity when compared to dynamic conductivity testing.
Book Synopsis A Fracture-mechanics Analysis of an Experimental Investigation Concerning the Influence of Non-metallic Inclusions Upon the Fatigue Properties of Steel by : Gunnar Härkegård
Download or read book A Fracture-mechanics Analysis of an Experimental Investigation Concerning the Influence of Non-metallic Inclusions Upon the Fatigue Properties of Steel written by Gunnar Härkegård and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 996 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantitative Characterization and Engineering Application of Pores and Fractures of Different Scales in Unconventional Reservoirs by : Wenlong Ding
Download or read book Quantitative Characterization and Engineering Application of Pores and Fractures of Different Scales in Unconventional Reservoirs written by Wenlong Ding and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-16 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book STAR written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2023 by : Jia’en Lin
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2023 written by Jia’en Lin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 1731 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
