Dry Forests

Download Dry Forests full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Dry Forests ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Tropical Dry Forests in the Americas

Author : Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466512008
Total Pages : 566 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Tropical Dry Forests in the Americas by : Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa

Download or read book Tropical Dry Forests in the Americas written by Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-08-29 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under threat from natural and human disturbance, tropical dry forests are the most endangered ecosystem in the tropics, yet they rarely receive the scientific or conservation attention they deserve. In a comprehensive overview, Tropical Dry Forests in the Americas: Ecology, Conservation, and Management examines new approaches for data sampling and analysis using remote sensing technology, discusses new ecological and econometric methods, and critically evaluates the socio-economic pressures that these forest are facing at the continental and national levels. The book includes studies from Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil that provide in-depth knowledge about the function, status, and conservation efforts of these endangered forests. It presents key elements of synthesis from standardized work conducted across all sites. This unique contribution provides new light in terms of these forests compared to each other not only from an ecological perspective but also in terms of the pressures that they are facing, and their respective responses. Written by experts from a diversity of fields, this reference brings together the many facets of function, use, heritage, and future potential of these forests. It presents an important and exciting synthesis of many years of work across countries, disciplines, and cultures. By standardizing approaches for data sampling and analysis, the book gives readers comparison information that cannot be found anywhere else given the high level of disparity that exists in the current literature.

Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests

Author : Rodolfo Dirzo
Publisher : Island Press
ISBN 13 : 1610910214
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests by : Rodolfo Dirzo

Download or read book Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests written by Rodolfo Dirzo and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2012-09-26 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though seasonally dry tropical forests are equally as important to global biodiversity as tropical rainforests, and are one of the most representative and highly endangered ecosystems in Latin America, knowledge about them remains limited because of the relative paucity of attention paid to them by scientists and researchers and a lack of published information on the subject. Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests seeks to address this shortcoming by bringing together a range of experts in diverse fields including biology, ecology, biogeography, and biogeochemistry, to review, synthesize, and explain the current state of our collective knowledge on the ecology and conservation of seasonally dry tropical forests. The book offers a synthetic and cross-disciplinary review of recent work with an expansive scope, including sections on distribution, diversity, ecosystem function, and human impacts. Throughout, contributors emphasize conservation issues, particularly emerging threats and promising solutions, with key chapters on climate change, fragmentation, restoration, ecosystem services, and sustainable use. Seasonally dry tropical forests are extremely rich in biodiversity, and are seriously threatened. They represent scientific terrain that is poorly explored, and there is an urgent need for increased understanding of the system's basic ecology. Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests represents an important step in bringing together the most current scientific information about this vital ecosystem and disseminating it to the scientific and conservation communities.

Handbook of Research on the Conservation and Restoration of Tropical Dry Forests

Author : Bhadouria, Rahul
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799800164
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on the Conservation and Restoration of Tropical Dry Forests by : Bhadouria, Rahul

Download or read book Handbook of Research on the Conservation and Restoration of Tropical Dry Forests written by Bhadouria, Rahul and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-09-27 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical dry forests are the most exploited and endangered ecosystems in the world. A combination of climatic and human factors often reduce these forests to patches of dry scrubs or savannas. Because these ecosystems experience a more arduous and less anticipated environment, they are more prone to environmental stress as plant communities are developed. Therefore, urgent research is necessary to understand both the detrimental issues and problem-solving approaches to conserving these important forests. The Handbook of Research on the Conservation and Restoration of Tropical Dry Forests is a pivotal reference source that combines theory and practice on the current trends and issues in this important ecological subject and discusses future challenges towards conservation strategies of these tropical dry forests. While highlighting topics such as forest management, natural regeneration, and silviculture, this publication examines the anthropogenic impacts on tropical dry forests and the necessity to rebuild their ecosystems. This book is ideally designed for state forest agency professionals, resource managers, non-governmental organization agents, ecologists, botanists, environmentalists, students, and researchers seeking current research on the threats to these forests.

The Dry Forests and Woodlands of Africa

Author : Emmanuel N. Chidumayo
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136531378
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Dry Forests and Woodlands of Africa by : Emmanuel N. Chidumayo

Download or read book The Dry Forests and Woodlands of Africa written by Emmanuel N. Chidumayo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-23 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dry forests and woodlands of Sub-Saharan Africa are major ecosystems, with a broad range of strong economic and cultural incentives for keeping them intact. However, few people are aware of their importance, compared to tropical rainforests, despite them being home to more than half of the continent's population. This unique book brings together scientific knowledge on this topic from East, West, and Southern Africa and describes the relationships between forests, woodlands, people and their livelihoods. Dry forest is defined as vegetation dominated by woody plants, primarily trees, the canopy of which covers more than 10 per cent of the ground surface, occurring in climates with a dry season of three months or more. This broad definition - wider than those used by many authors - incorporates vegetation types commonly termed woodland, shrubland, thicket, savanna, wooded grassland, as well as dry forest in its strict sense. The book provides a comparative analysis of management experiences from the different geographic regions, emphasizing the need to balance the utilization of dry forests and woodland products between current and future human needs. Further, the book explores the techniques and strategies that can be deployed to improve the management of African dry forests and woodlands for the benefit of all, but more importantly, the communities that live off these vegetation formations. Thus, the book lays a foundation for improving the management of dry forests and woodlands for the wide range of products and services they provide.

Tropical Dry Forests

Author : Ravi Kant Chaturvedi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781536195439
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (954 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Tropical Dry Forests by : Ravi Kant Chaturvedi

Download or read book Tropical Dry Forests written by Ravi Kant Chaturvedi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical dry forests (TDFs) constitute one of the most dominant forests, accounting for approximately 45% of all tropical forests. These forests are distributed over an extensive geographical range, spanning large areas of Africa, Latin America, and the Asia Pacific. TDFs occur in severe and extremely variable climate characterized by low annual rainfall and 5-6 months of the dry period within the annual cycle, and nutrient-poor soil. Due to extreme drought conditions, TDFs exhibit deciduousness and various other adaptative features (viz., fire resistance, desiccation tolerance, herbivore defence, high root:shoot ratio, longer seed viability) to establish in the severe environmental conditions, which makes these forests exceptionally critical. These forests are one of the most productive with high biodiversity, but unfortunately, due to persistent anthropogenic pressures in terms of burning, mining, indiscriminate forest cutting, lopping, and increased extraction of non-wood forest products, these forest communities have become one of the most endangered ecosystems. Disturbances in TDFs have resulted in fragmentation and ecosystem conversion, and therefore, these forests exhibit changes in their biomass and productivity. Anthropogenic pressure is rapidly becoming a growing concern globally due to its negative impacts on the structure and composition of the vegetation. In addition, due to their higher net primary productivity, these forests have a considerable effect on the global carbon cycle. Uncontrolled harvesting for gaining temporal benefits is a major cause of forest destruction and deforestation which may lead to major loss. Deforestation and clearing of forests have resulted in soil erosion, soil degradation and loss of biodiversity, socio-economic damages to food components, water and health, as well as the loss of people's cultural ethnicity. In order to assess the conservation status of TDFs, information is required on its distribution pattern, climate, structural and functional traits of the vegetation, phenology, strategies against drought, nutrient deficiency, and disturbances. This book discusses various issues, obstacles and opportunities for protection, regeneration and management of TDFs worldwide, as well as information gaps in the areas referred to above, which may be of critical significance in adapting and mitigating responses to the current climate change scenario. The book is intended to help in collection of detailed knowledge and to address the concerns from environmental scientists, forestry experts, planners, policymakers and the general public. Starting with a description of plant composition of worldwide TDFs, the book evaluates plant diversity, biomass dynamics, carbon storage, late history and current status of anthropogenic disturbances, distribution pattern of lichen communities, relevance of tree crown architecture, effects of forestry management practices, degradation and traditional land-use practices, impact of changing environment on carbon dynamics, estimating ecosystem services using a geospatial approach, productivity and carbon accumulation, habitat heterogeneity and its impact on organic matter, nutrient pool and nitrogen mineralization, phosphorus and litter decomposability traits. For re-development of TDFs, the book describes improved low-input tree establishment methods, impact of drought and plant mechanisms to mitigate drought stress, importance of serotiny related to delayed seed dispersal, and foraging efficiency of fine roots in relation to carbon dynamics in a changing environment.

Neotropical Savannas and Seasonally Dry Forests

Author : R. Toby Pennington
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420004492
Total Pages : 509 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Neotropical Savannas and Seasonally Dry Forests by : R. Toby Pennington

Download or read book Neotropical Savannas and Seasonally Dry Forests written by R. Toby Pennington and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-05-25 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More often than not, when people think of a neotropical forest, what comes to mind is a rain forest, rather than a dry forest. Just as typically, when they imagine a savanna, they visualize the African plains, rather than those dry woodlands and grasslands found in the Neotropics. These same preconceptions can be found among scientists, as these ne

Caatinga

Author : José Maria Cardoso da Silva
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331968339X
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Caatinga by : José Maria Cardoso da Silva

Download or read book Caatinga written by José Maria Cardoso da Silva and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-09 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides in-depth information on Caatinga’s geographical boundaries and ecological systems, including plants, insects, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. It also discusses the major threats to the region’s socio-ecological systems and includes chapters on climate change and fast and large-scale land-use changes, as well as slow and small-scale changes, also known as chronic human disturbances. Subsequent chapters address sustainable agriculture, conservation systems, and sustainable development. Lastly, the book proposes 10 major actions that could enable the transformation of Caatinga into a place where people and nature can thrive together. “I consider this book an excellent example of how scientists worldwide can mobilize their efforts to propose sound solutions for one of the biggest challenges of modern times, i.e., how to protect the world’s natural ecosystems while improving human well-being. I am sure this book will inspire more research and conservation action in the region and perhaps encourage other groups of scientists to produce similar syntheses about their regions.” Russell Mittermeier, Ph.D. Executive Vice-Chair, Conservation International

The Ecology and Conservation of Seasonally Dry Forests in Asia

Author : William J. McShea
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781935623021
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Ecology and Conservation of Seasonally Dry Forests in Asia by : William J. McShea

Download or read book The Ecology and Conservation of Seasonally Dry Forests in Asia written by William J. McShea and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection explores the forest, animals, plants, and people that inhabit a unique forest ecosystem in South and Southeast Asia. From detailed descriptions of forest communities to case studies of endangered species, this volume ties the region's conservation to local human communities and their historic and present management of natural

Savannas and Dry Forests

Author : Jayalaxshmi Mistry
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 9780754645078
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (45 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Savannas and Dry Forests by : Jayalaxshmi Mistry

Download or read book Savannas and Dry Forests written by Jayalaxshmi Mistry and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parched landscapes, biodiversity loss, encroaching deserts and deforestation are some of the environmental crises taking place in tropical savannas and dry forests throughout the world. However, unless we understand the human-environment relationship in these regions, we will never truly identify the causes or be able to provide solutions. This book therefore focuses on the roles of the past, present and future human perceptions and actions on savannas and dry forests.

Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest

Author : J S Singh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789811072611
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (726 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest by : J S Singh

Download or read book Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest written by J S Singh and published by . This book was released on 2018-03-26 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical dry deciduous forests (TDFs) can be found in severe and extremely variable climates characterized by low annual rainfall, 5-6 dry months within the annual cycle, and nutrient-poor soil. Several terms have been used for this vegetation type such as seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF), tropical dry deciduous forest, monsoon forest, caatinga, cuabal, etc. More than any other factor, the lack of precipitation during a prolonged portion of the year is what produces true dry forest, an ecosystem type characterized by plants and animals with specific adaptations to survive the long dry season. Deciduousness is the single most important adaptation among plants to the extended droughts. Most of the trees drop their leaves after the rains end, and essentially halt photosynthesis, as they would otherwise be unable to survive the water loss during the dry season. TDFs are subject to intensive anthropogenic disturbances and are among the most at-risk ecosystems in the world. In order to assess the conservation status of this forest type, information is required on its distribution pattern, climate, the structure and functional traits of its vegetation, phenology, strategies for coping with drought and nutrient poverty, and disturbances and their effects. In this book, we review important studies on TDFs around the globe, particularly those in the northern dry deciduous forests of India. We put forward the claim that those TDFs that experience drought and arise on nutrient-poor sites feature adaptations such as deciduousness, as well as a variety of nutrient conservation strategies. They also experience biotic disturbances, which can result in fragmentation and ecosystem conversion, and therefore exhibit changes in biomass, productivity, and soil microbial biomass, etc.

Dry Forests of the Northeastern Cascades Fire and Fire Surrogate Project Site, Mission Creek, Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Dry Forests of the Northeastern Cascades Fire and Fire Surrogate Project Site, Mission Creek, Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest by :

Download or read book Dry Forests of the Northeastern Cascades Fire and Fire Surrogate Project Site, Mission Creek, Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fire and Fire Surrogate (FFS) project is a large long-term metastudy established to assess the effectiveness and ecological impacts of burning and fire "surrogates" such as cuttings and mechanical fuel treatments that are used instead of fire, or in combination with fire, to restore dry forests. One of the 13 national FFS sites is the Northeastern Cascades site at Mission Creek on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest. The study area includes 12 forested stands that encompass a representative range of dry forest conditions in the northeastern Cascade Range. We describe site histories and environmental settings, experimental design, field methods, and quantify the pretreatment composition and structure of vegetation, fuels, soils and soil biota, entomology and pathology, birds, and small mammals that occurred during the 2000 and 2001 field seasons. We also describe the implementation of thinning treatments completed during 2003 and spring burning treatments done during 2004 and 2006.

Africa's tropical dry forests - time to re-engage: an agenda for priority research

Author : CIFOR
Publisher : CIFOR
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Africa's tropical dry forests - time to re-engage: an agenda for priority research by : CIFOR

Download or read book Africa's tropical dry forests - time to re-engage: an agenda for priority research written by CIFOR and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Tropical Forest Ecology and Management for the Anthropocene

Author : Grizelle González
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039219642
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Tropical Forest Ecology and Management for the Anthropocene by : Grizelle González

Download or read book Tropical Forest Ecology and Management for the Anthropocene written by Grizelle González and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue looks forward as well as backward to best analyze the forest conservation challenges of the Caribbean. This is made possible by 75 years of research and applications by the United States Department of Agriculture, International Institute of Tropical Forestry (the Institute) of Puerto Rico. It transforms Holocene-based scientific paradigms of the tropics into Anthropocene applications and outlooks of wilderness, managed forests, and urban environments. This volume showcases how the focus of the Institute’s programs is evolving to support sustainable tropical forest conservation despite uncertain conditions. The manuscripts showcased here highlight the importance of shared stewardship and a long-term, hands-on approach to conservation, research programs, and novel organizations intended to meet contemporary conservation challenges. Policies relevant to the Anthropocene, as well as the use of experiments to anticipate future responses of tropical forests to global warming, are reexamined in these pages. Urban topics include how cities can co-produce new knowledge to spark sustainable and resilient transformations. Long-term results and research applications of topics such as soil biota, migratory birds, tropical vegetation, substrate chemistry, and the tropical carbon cycle are also described in the volume. Moreover, the question of how to best use land on a tropical island is addressed. This volume is intended to be of interest to all actors involved in long-term sustainable forest management and research in light of the historical lessons and future directions that may come out of a better understanding of tropical cities and forests in the Anthropocene epoch.

Research Anthology on Ecosystem Conservation and Preserving Biodiversity

Author : Management Association, Information Resources
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1668456796
Total Pages : 1915 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (684 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Research Anthology on Ecosystem Conservation and Preserving Biodiversity by : Management Association, Information Resources

Download or read book Research Anthology on Ecosystem Conservation and Preserving Biodiversity written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2022-04-08 with total page 1915 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today’s rapidly evolving world, it has never been more critical to consider key environmental issues such as climate change, pollution, and endangered species. Society faces an unknown future where the fate of the environment is continuously in flux based on current preservation initiatives that governments develop. In order to ensure the world is protected moving forward, further study on the importance of securing environments, ecosystems, and species is necessary to successfully implement change. The Research Anthology on Ecosystem Conservation and Preserving Biodiversity considers the best practices and strategies for protecting our current ecosystems as well as the potential ramifications of failing to implement policies. Society is at a crossroads where if we continue to ignore the danger and warning signs brought about by environmental issues, we will be unable to maintain a healthy environment. Covering essential topics such as extinction, climate change, and pollution, this major reference work is ideal for scientists, industry professionals, researchers, academicians, policymakers, scholars, practitioners, instructors, and students.

Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forests (N.F.), Natapoc Ridge Restoration Project, Chelan County

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 762 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forests (N.F.), Natapoc Ridge Restoration Project, Chelan County by :

Download or read book Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forests (N.F.), Natapoc Ridge Restoration Project, Chelan County written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Wildlife and Invertebrate Response to Fuel Reduction Treatments in Dry Coniferous Forests of the Western United States

Author : David S. Pilliod
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Wildlife and Invertebrate Response to Fuel Reduction Treatments in Dry Coniferous Forests of the Western United States by : David S. Pilliod

Download or read book Wildlife and Invertebrate Response to Fuel Reduction Treatments in Dry Coniferous Forests of the Western United States written by David S. Pilliod and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper synthesizes available information on the effects of hazardous fuel reduction treatments on terrestrial wildlife and invertebrates in dry coniferous forest types in the West. We focused on thinning and/or prescribed fire studies in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and dry-type Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), and mixed coniferous forests. Overall, there are tremendous gaps in information needed to evaluate the effects of fuel reduction on the majority of species found in our focal area. Differences among studies in location, fuel treatment type and size, and pre- and post-treatment habitat conditions resulted in variability in species responses. In other words, a species may respond positively to fuel reduction in one situation and negatively in another. Despite these issues, a few patterns did emerge from this synthesis. In general, fire-dependent species, species preferring open habitats, and species that are associated with early successional vegetation or that consume seeds and fruit appear to benefit from fuel reduction activities. In contrast, species that prefer closed-canopy forests or dense understory, and species that are closely associated with those habitat elements that may be removed or consumed by fuel reductions, will likely be negatively affected by fuel reductions. Some habitat loss may persist for only a few months or a few years, such as understory vegetation and litter that recover quickly. The loss of large-diameter snags and down wood, which are important habitat elements for many wildlife and invertebrate species, may take decades to recover and thus represent some of the most important habitat elements to conserve during fuel reduction treatments. Management activities that consider the retention of habitat structures (such as snags, down wood, and refugia of untreated stands) may increase habitat heterogeneity and may benefit the greatest number of species in the long run.

Advances in Conservation Research and Application: 2011 Edition

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 146492175X
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (649 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Advances in Conservation Research and Application: 2011 Edition by :

Download or read book Advances in Conservation Research and Application: 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Conservation Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Ecology Environment and Conservation. The editors have built Advances in Conservation Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Ecology Environment and Conservation in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Conservation Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.