Drosophila Cyclin J And The Somatic Pirna Pathway Cooperate To Regulate Germline Stem Cells

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Drosophila Cyclin J and the Somatic PiRNA Pathway Cooperate to Regulate Germline Stem Cells

Author : Paul Michael Albosta
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (923 download)

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Book Synopsis Drosophila Cyclin J and the Somatic PiRNA Pathway Cooperate to Regulate Germline Stem Cells by : Paul Michael Albosta

Download or read book Drosophila Cyclin J and the Somatic PiRNA Pathway Cooperate to Regulate Germline Stem Cells written by Paul Michael Albosta and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyclin J (CycJ) is a highly conserved cyclin that is uniquely expressed specifically in ovaries in Drosophila. Deletion of the genomic region containing CycJ and adjacent genes resulted in a genetic interaction with neighboring piRNA pathway gene, armitage (armi). Here I assessed oogenesis in CycJ null in the presence or absence of mutations in armi or other piRNA pathway genes. Although CycJ null flies had decreased egg laying and hatching rates, ovaries appeared normal indicating that CycJ is dispensable for oogenesis under normal conditions. Further double mutant analysis of CycJ and neighbor armi, as well as two other piRNA pathway members (piwi and aub), revealed that CycJ genetically interacts with the piRNA pathways by enhancing their ability to regulate oogenesis. Double mutants of CycJ and mutants of piwi or armi produced mispackaged egg chambers containing an overabundance of germline cells, while double mutants of CycJ and piwi or armi had more severe defects. CycJ mutants also genetically interacted with mutants of the germline piRNA pathway member aub, resulting in unique oogenesis defects, though they were less severe than defects in double mutants of CycJ and piwi or armi. Piwi and Armi are known to function in both the germline and germline-associated somatic cells. Here I show that the somatic function of armi and piwi promote egg chamber packaging in part by limiting BMP signaling and the accumulation of excess germline stem cells (GSCs) and that CycJ appears to cooperate with the somatic piRNA pathway. The increase of GSCs in armi, piwi, or CycJ double mutants depends on increased BMP signaling. Finally, CycJ promotes follicle cell proliferation in the absence of armi. My results suggest that CycJ genetically interacts with the somatic piRNA pathway to promote egg chamber packaging, limit BMP signaling, limit GSC accumulation, and promote proliferation of follicle cells.

Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics

Author : Vinood B. Patel
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783319555294
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (552 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics by : Vinood B. Patel

Download or read book Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics written by Vinood B. Patel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multivolume reference work addresses the fact that the well being of humankind is predicated not only on individuals receiving adequate nutrition but also on their genetic makeup. The work includes more than 100 chapters organized in the following major sections: Introduction and Overview; Epigenetics of Organs and Diseases in Relation to Diet and Nutrition; Detailed Processes in Epigenetics of Diet and Nutrition; Modulating Epigenetics with Diet and Nutrition; and Practical Techniques. While it is well known that genes may encode proteins responsible for structural and dynamic components, there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that nutrition itself may alter the way in which genes are expressed via the process of epigenetics. This is where chemically imposed alteration in the DNA sequence occurs or where the functional expression of DNA is modulated. This may include changes in DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, chromatin, histone acetylation or methylation, and genomic imprinting. Knowledge regarding the number of dietary components that impact on epigenetic processes is increasing almost daily. Marshalling all the information on the complex relationships between diet, nutrition, and epigenetic processes is somewhat difficult due to the wide myriad of material. It is for this reason that the present work has been compiled.

Ovarian Development in Drosophila Melanogaster

Author : Robert C. King
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Ovarian Development in Drosophila Melanogaster by : Robert C. King

Download or read book Ovarian Development in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Robert C. King and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

AGO-Driven Non-Coding RNAs

Author : Bibekanand Mallick
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 9780128156698
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (566 download)

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Book Synopsis AGO-Driven Non-Coding RNAs by : Bibekanand Mallick

Download or read book AGO-Driven Non-Coding RNAs written by Bibekanand Mallick and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-01-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 'RNA world' hypothesis that proposed RNA molecules as the first form of genetic material was put forwarded in the late 1980s but got impetus only recently when high-throughput sequencing technologies began unearthing new types of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts in higher eukaryotes. Till then, research on ncRNAs were primarily confined to transfer RNAs and, ribosomal RNAs, which act as the messengers of the protein synthesis and allow translation of genetic information encoded by DNA into proteins. In recent years, the integration of high-throughput genomic technologies with molecular biology and omics sciences have revolutionized the fields of ncRNA research by identifying the hidden treasures of several new types of ncRNAs encoded in the genomes of several organisms and decrypting their versatile roles in gene expression and epigenetics. Among these, two small endogenous ncRNAs, namely microRNAs (miRNAs) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that drive argonaute (AGO) family of proteins namely Ago and Piwi respectively and silence the expression of genes have geared up molecular and disease biology research in recent years. Both miRNAs and piRNAs are expressed in higher eukaryotes, including human and act as cellular rheostats by regulating the expression of significant fraction of genes encoded in the genomes. The aberrant expressions of these small ncRNAs within the cells cause various abnormalities and diseases including cancer. Manipulating their aberrant expression or function can serve as potential novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and bring in new therapeutic strategies for multiple human diseases. This can be further translated from bench-side to clinic for improving human health. This book captures the essence of the pioneering work of some of the world's leading researchers showcasing the scientific excitements surrounding the evolving regulatory roles of miRNAs and piRNAs highlighting their potential towards the diagnosis and therapeutics of various diseases. The book is geared towards scientists, students, and will particularly appeal to active investigators in RNA biology, molecular biology, cancer research as well as clinicians and will provide them a comprehensive view of recent discoveries and research progresses to utilize miRNAs, piRNAs and their interacting proteins, Ago and Piwi for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics of diseases.

Molecular Signaling in Spermatogenesis and Male Infertility

Author : Rajender Singh
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429534426
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Signaling in Spermatogenesis and Male Infertility by : Rajender Singh

Download or read book Molecular Signaling in Spermatogenesis and Male Infertility written by Rajender Singh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-11-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spermatogenesis involves the coordination of a number of signaling pathways, which culminate into production of sperm. Its failure results in male factor infertility, which can be due to hormonal, environmental, genetic or other unknown factors. This book includes chapters on most of the signaling pathways known to contribute to spermatogenesis. Latest research in germ cell signaling like the role of small RNAs in spermatogenesis is also discussed. This book aims to serve as a reference for both clinicians and researchers, explaining possible causes of infertility and exploring various treatment methods for management through the basic understanding of the role of molecular signaling. Key Features Discusses the signaling pathways that contribute to successful spermatogenesis Covers comprehensive information about Spermatogenesis at one place Explores the vital aspects of male fertility and infertility Explains the epigenetic regulation of germ cell development and fertility Highlights the translational opportunities in molecular signaling in testis

RNA Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Author : Rita Sattler
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331989689X
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (198 download)

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Book Synopsis RNA Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases by : Rita Sattler

Download or read book RNA Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Rita Sattler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has become evident over the last years that abnormalities in RNA processing play a fundamental part in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Cellular viability depends on proper regulation of RNA metabolism and subsequent protein synthesis, which requires the interplay of many processes including transcription, pre--‐mRNA splicing, mRNA editing as well as mRNA stability, transport and translation. Dysfunction in any of these processes, often caused by mutations in the coding and non--‐ coding RNAs, can be very destructive to the cellular environment and consequently impair neural viability. The result of this RNA toxicity can lead to a toxic gain of function or a loss of function, depending on the nature of the mutation. For example, in repeat expansion disorders, such as the newly discovered hexanucleotide repeat expansion in theC9orf72 gene found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a toxic gain of function leads to the formation of RNA foci and the sequestration of RNA binding proteins (RBPs). This in return leads to a loss of function of those RBPs, which is hypothesized to play a significant part in the disease progression of ALS and FTD. Other toxicities arising from repeat expansions are the formation of RNA foci, bi--‐directional transcription and production of repeat associated non--‐ATG (RAN) translation products. This book will touch upon most of these disease mechanisms triggered by aberrant RNA metabolism and will therefore provide a broad perspective of the role of RNA processing and its dysfunction in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including ALS, FTD, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, spinal muscular atrophy, myotonic dystrophy and ataxias. The proposed authors are leading scientists in the field and are expected to not only discuss their own work, but to be inclusive of historic as well as late breaking discoveries. The compiled chapters will therefore provide a unique collection of novel studies and hypotheses aimed to describe the consequences of altered RNA processing events and its newest molecular players and pathways.

Introduction to Epigenetics

Author : Renato Paro
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030686701
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Epigenetics by : Renato Paro

Download or read book Introduction to Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease

Cancer RNome: Nature & Evolution

Author : Mansi Arora
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 981131568X
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Cancer RNome: Nature & Evolution by : Mansi Arora

Download or read book Cancer RNome: Nature & Evolution written by Mansi Arora and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade, researchers working in the field of cancer biology have shifted their focus from genetic defects to epigenetic dysregulation, especially that of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). This book encompasses a comprehensive review of the transcriptional landscape of the cell and its involvement in the cancer pathophysiology. The first two chapters elucidate the basics of biosynthesis, mechanism of action and modulation of the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by coding as well as non-coding RNAs. The third chapter discusses the aberrant expression of the cellular RNome in the cancer cells and highlights its role in the orchestration of processes involved in evolution as well as the sustenance of cancer cells. The fourth chapter describes the recent advances in the field of translating the transcriptome into diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and as targets for novel anti-cancer therapies. The final chapter then reviews the emerging experimental approaches to screen, identify and explore the functions of ncRNAs. Providing valuable insights into the field of RNome in the context of cancer, this book is helpful to students, researchers and clinicians..

Xenopus Development

Author : Malgorzata Kloc
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118492811
Total Pages : 459 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)

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Book Synopsis Xenopus Development by : Malgorzata Kloc

Download or read book Xenopus Development written by Malgorzata Kloc and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frogs from the genus Xenopus have long been used as model organisms in basic and biomedical research. These frogs have helped unlock key fundamental developmental and cellular processes that have led to important scientific breakthroughs and have had practical application in embryology, cancer research and regenerative medicine. Xenopus Development is a vital resource on the biology and development of these key model organisms, and will be a great tool to researchers using these frogs in various disciplines of biological science. Xenopus Development is divided into four sections, the first three highlight key processes in Xenopus development from embryo to metamophosis. These sections focus on the cellular processes, organogenesis and embryo development. The final section highlights novel techniques and approaches being used in Xenopus research. Providing thorough and detailed coverage, Xenopus Development, will be a timely and welcome volume for those working in cell and molecular biology, genetics, developmental biology and biomedical research. Provides broad overview of the developmental biology of both Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis Explores cellular to systems development in key biomedical model organisms Timely synthesis of the field of Xenopus biology Highlights key biomedical and basic biological findings unlocked by Xenopus

RNA Infrastructure and Networks

Author : Lesley J. Collins
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461403324
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis RNA Infrastructure and Networks by : Lesley J. Collins

Download or read book RNA Infrastructure and Networks written by Lesley J. Collins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNAs form complexes with proteins and other RNAs. The RNA‐infrastructure represents the spatiotemporal interaction of these proteins and RNAs in a cell‐wide network. RNA Infrastructure and Networks brings together these ideas to illustrate the scope of RNA‐based biology, and how connecting RNA mechanisms is a powerful tool to investigate regulatory pathways. This book is but a taste of the wide range of RNA‐based mechanisms that connect in the RNA infrastructure.

Non-coding RNA and the Reproductive System

Author : Dagmar Wilhelm
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 940177417X
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Non-coding RNA and the Reproductive System by : Dagmar Wilhelm

Download or read book Non-coding RNA and the Reproductive System written by Dagmar Wilhelm and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-11 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the role and function of regulatory RNAs that lack protein-coding potential in key reproductive tissues. This includes the role of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Through clear, detailed and comprehensive debate, international leading experts discuss the role these novel regulators in normal development of sexual dimorphisms, including the differentiation of ovaries and testes, the genital tract including prostate, epididymis and uterus, as well as mammary glands. In addition, particular attention is paid on their role in pathophysiological processes within the reproductive tract. The power of next generation sequencing has proved to be an invaluable tool to discover new non-coding RNAs. While the identification of non-coding RNA is relatively easy, analysing their function represents still a challenge today. In this book, authors present historical and conceptual background information, highlight the ways in which non-coding RNAs function is analysed and present their vision of the future research in their key research area.

Innovative Medicine

Author : Kazuwa Nakao
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431556516
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Innovative Medicine by : Kazuwa Nakao

Download or read book Innovative Medicine written by Kazuwa Nakao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to innovative medicine, comprising the proceedings of the Uehara Memorial Foundation Symposium 2014. It remains extremely rare for the findings of basic research to be developed into clinical applications, and it takes a long time for the process to be achieved. The task of advancing the development of basic research into clinical reality lies with translational science, yet the field seems to struggle to find a way to move forward. To create innovative medical technology, many steps need to be taken: development and analysis of optimal animal models of human diseases, elucidation of genomic and epidemiological data, and establishment of “proof of concept”. There is also considerable demand for progress in drug research, new surgical procedures, and new clinical devices and equipment. While the original research target may be rare diseases, it is also important to apply those findings more broadly to common diseases. The book covers a wide range of topics and is organized into three complementary parts. The first part is basic research for innovative medicine, the second is translational research for innovative medicine, and the third is new technology for innovative medicine. This book helps to understand innovative medicine and to make progress in its realization.

Medical Cytogenetics

Author : Hon Fong L. Mark
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482292998
Total Pages : 703 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Medical Cytogenetics by : Hon Fong L. Mark

Download or read book Medical Cytogenetics written by Hon Fong L. Mark and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-04-11 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only monograph on cytogenetics for the pathologist, this up-to-the-minute reference/text contains the most up-to-date research findings on many important topics in medical genetics-notably FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridation)-based molecular cytogenetic technologies and spectral karyotyping. An excellent resource for cytogeneticists prepar

Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure

Author : Nikolay Kolchanov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441971521
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure by : Nikolay Kolchanov

Download or read book Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure written by Nikolay Kolchanov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - The data gathered can be used to solve a wide range of problems - for basic science and applied science

Development and Reproduction in Humans and Animal Model Species

Author : Werner A. Mueller
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662437848
Total Pages : 723 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis Development and Reproduction in Humans and Animal Model Species by : Werner A. Mueller

Download or read book Development and Reproduction in Humans and Animal Model Species written by Werner A. Mueller and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-03 with total page 723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes human development including sexual reproduction and stem cell research with the development of model organisms that are accessible to genetic and experimental analysis in readily understandable texts and 315 multi-colored graphics. The introductory account of model organisms selected from the entire animal kingdom presents general principles, which are then outlined in subsequent chapters devoted to, for example, sexual development; genes controlling development and their contemporary molecular-analysis methods; production of clones and transgenic animals; development of the nervous and circulatory systems; regenerative medicine and ageing. Finally the evolution of developmental toolkits and novelties is discussed including the genetic basis of the enlargement of the human forebrain. Separate boxes are devoted to controversial questions such as the benefits and problems of prenatal diagnostics or the construction of ancient body plans.

Population Genomics

Author : Om P. Rajora
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030045897
Total Pages : 822 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Population Genomics by : Om P. Rajora

Download or read book Population Genomics written by Om P. Rajora and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-07 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population genomics has revolutionized various disciplines of biology including population, evolutionary, ecological and conservation genetics, plant and animal breeding, human health, medicine and pharmacology by allowing to address novel and long-standing questions with unprecedented power and accuracy. It employs large-scale or genome-wide genetic information and bioinformatics to address various fundamental and applied aspects in biology and related disciplines, and provides a comprehensive genome-wide perspective and new insights that were not possible before. These advances have become possible due to the development of new and low-cost sequencing and genotyping technologies and novel statistical approaches and software, bioinformatics tools, and models. Population genomics is tremendously advancing our understanding the roles of evolutionary processes, such as mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection, in shaping up genetic variation at individual loci and across the genome and populations; improving the assessment of population genetic parameters or processes such as adaptive evolution, effective population size, gene flow, admixture, inbreeding and outbreeding depression, demography, and biogeography; resolving evolutionary histories and phylogenetic relationships of extant, ancient and extinct species; understanding the genomic basis of fitness, adaptation, speciation, complex ecological and economically important traits, and disease and insect resistance; facilitating forensics, genetic medicine and pharmacology; delineating conservation genetic units; and understanding the genetic effects of resource management practices, and assisting conservation and sustainable management of genetic resources. This Population Genomics book discusses the concepts, approaches, applications and promises of population genomics in addressing most of the above fundamental and applied crucial aspects in a variety of organisms from microorganisms to humans. The book provides insights into a range of emerging population genomics topics including population epigenomics, landscape genomics, seascape genomics, paleogenomics, ecological and evolutionary genomics, biogeography, demography, speciation, admixture, colonization and invasion, genomic selection, and plant and animal domestication. This book fills a vacuum in the field and is expected to become a primary reference in Population Genomics world-wide.

Drosophila Oogenesis

Author : Diana P. Bratu
Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781493928507
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (285 download)

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Book Synopsis Drosophila Oogenesis by : Diana P. Bratu

Download or read book Drosophila Oogenesis written by Diana P. Bratu and published by Humana. This book was released on 2015-09-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides current up-to-date protocols for preparing the ovary for various imaging techniques, genetic protocols for generating mutant clones, mosaic analysis and assessing cell death. Chapters address methods for performing genome wide gene expression analysis and bioinformatics for studies of RNA-protein interactions. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Drosophila Oogenesis: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.