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Download or read book Cathrine Zernichow written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)
Download or read book An Analytical Study of T-38 Drag Reduction in Tight Formation Flight written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis explores the benefits of flying in a tight formation, mimicking the natural behavior of migratory birds such as geese. The first phase of the research was to determine an optimal position for the wingman of a tight formation flight of T-38 Talon aircraft using the HASC95 vortex lattice code. A second wingman was then added to determine the benefit derived by increasing formation size. The second wingman was predicted to derive an even greater induced drag benefit than the first wingman for T-38s operating at Mach 0.54 at a 10,000-foot altitude. The predicted values were 17.5% savings for the second wingman versus 15% for the first wingman. The flight test phase flew two and three-ship formations to validate the computational work. The results of the two-ship flight tests showed with 80% confidence that the wingman saved fuel in the predicted optimal position (86% wingspan lateral spacing). This position yielded actual fuel savings of 8.8% 5.0% versus the predicted 15%. The other lateral positions did not show a statistically significant fuel savings. The flight test team felt that the three-ship formation data was inconclusive due to the difficulty of trying to fly a stable position as the third aircraft in the formation without station-keeping ability.
Author : Eugene H. Wagner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781423512134
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (121 download)
Download or read book An Analytical Study of T-38 Drag Reduction in Tight Formation Flight written by Eugene H. Wagner and published by . This book was released on 2002-03-01 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis explores the benefits of flying in a tight formation, mimicking the natural behavior of migratory birds such as geese. The first phase of the research was to determine an optimal position for the wingman of a tight formation flight of T-38 Talon aircraft using the HASC95 vortex lattice code. A second wingman was then added to determine the benefit derived by increasing formation size. The second wingman was predicted to derive an even greater induced drag benefit than the first wingman for T-38s operating at Mach 0.54 at a 10,000-foot altitude. The predicted values were 17.5% savings for the second wingman versus 15% for the first wingman. The flight test phase flew two and three-ship formations to validate the computational work. The results of the two-ship flight tests showed with 80% confidence that the wingman saved fuel in the predicted optimal position (86% wingspan lateral spacing). This position yielded actual fuel savings of 8.8% 5.0% versus the predicted 15%. The other lateral positions did not show a statistically significant fuel savings. The flight test team felt that the three-ship formation data was inconclusive due to the difficulty of trying to fly a stable position as the third aircraft in the formation without station-keeping ability.
Author : Simeon Andrew Ning
Publisher : Stanford University
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Aircraft Drag Reduction Through Extended Formation Flight written by Simeon Andrew Ning and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formation flight has the potential to significantly reduce the fuel consumption of long range flights, even with existing aircraft. This research explores a safer approach to formation flying of transport aircraft, which we term extended formation flight. Extended formations take advantage of the persistence of cruise wakes and extend the streamwise separation between the aircraft by at least five wingspans. Classical aerodynamic theory suggests that the total induced drag of the formation should not change as the streamwise separation is increased, but the large separation distances of extended formation flight violate the simple assumptions of these theorems. At large distances, considerations such as wake rollup, atmospheric effects on circulation decay, and vortex motion become important to consider. We first examine the wake rollup process in the context of extended formations and develop an appropriate physics-based model. Using this model, this dissertation addresses three aspects of formation flight: longitudinally extended formations, compressibility effects, and formations of heterogeneous aircraft. Uncertainty analysis is used to investigate the induced drag savings of extended formations in the presence of variation in atmospheric properties, limitations of positioning accuracy, and uncertainty in model parameters. Next, the methodology is integrated with an Euler solver to assess the impact of compressibility while flying in formation. Finally, we examine the important considerations for optimally arranging formations of non-identical aircraft.
Author : Wendy Awele Okolo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Evaluating and Augmenting Fuel-saving Benefits Obtained in Aircraft Formation Flight written by Wendy Awele Okolo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When an aircraft flies, it generates wake vortices, which induce a non-uniform wind distribution in its wake. A trail aircraft, placed in the wake of a lead's aircraft vortices experiences this non-uniform wind distribution with varying directions and magnitudes, depending on the location within the wake. It has been demonstrated that there is a "sweet spot" within the wake of a leader in which a trail can experience upwash which leads to reduced drag. Through this mechanism, aircraft can save significant amounts of fuel by flying at the sweet spot of the lead aircraft's wake. This dissertation provides two metrics of obtaining the sweet spot and evaluating the benefits to the trail aircraft at the sweet spot: a static and a dynamic study. The static study, similar to wind tunnel tests in which aircraft are statically placed in formation without trimming, investigates the induced aerodynamic forces and moments on the trail aircraft as it varies its position within the wake of the lead aircraft, and assigns the relative location of maximum lift-to-drag ratio as the static sweet spot. The dynamic study, similar to flight tests which account for trim, analyzes the control surface deflection and thrusts for the trail aircraft as it varies its position within the lead's wake and assigns the location of minimum thrust as the dynamic sweet spot. The static and dynamic analyses are applied to aircraft formations with different relative sizes and varying configurations of trail aircraft such as a flying-wing and a conventional aircraft. Results indicate that sweet spot locations and associated bene ts are dependent on the weight of the leader and the relative sizes of the aircraft pair in the formation. This dissertation then augments the fuel-savings by investigating alternate lateral trimming methods to reduce the need for drag-inducing control effector deflections required at the static sweet spot. Internal fuel transfer and differential thrusting are employed to increase the thrust saved at the static sweet spot, making it comparable to the dynamic sweet spot. Formation simulations of extended durations are also studied to understand the impact of significant weight variations in the leader on the formation benefits. In longduration flights, the lead and trail aircraft weights decrease due to fuel burn. Since the upwash generated by the leader decreases with lift and weight as fuel is burned, the magnitudes of the non-uniform wind induced and thus bene ts for the trail decrease. This decrease is investigated for a 6.5-hour formation simulation. Although there is a reduction in the benefits with time, the overall benefits of flying in formation is significant enough to motivate formations of such long durations. Finally, the feasibility of formation flying is also considered from a perspective of comfort levels for passengers or aircrew in the trail aircraft. Using international standards for likely reactions of a person subjected to discomforts characterized by vibrations, it is shown that there is no additional detrimental degradation of comfort levels for a person onboard a trail aircraft in formation as compared to a solo flight.
Author : Anis Koubaa
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303045956X
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Robot Operating System (ROS) written by Anis Koubaa and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-21 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the fifth volume in the successful book series Robot Operating System: The Complete Reference. The objective of the book is to provide the reader with comprehensive coverage on the Robot Operating System (ROS), which is currently considered to be the primary development framework for robotics applications, and the latest trends and contributing systems. The content is divided into six parts. Pat I presents for the first time the emerging ROS 2.0 framework, while Part II focuses on multi-robot systems, namely on SLAM and Swarm coordination. Part III provides two chapters on autonomous systems, namely self-driving cars and unmanned aerial systems. In turn, Part IV addresses the contributions of simulation frameworks for ROS. In Part V, two chapters explore robotic manipulators and legged robots. Finally, Part VI presents emerging topics in monocular SLAM and a chapter on fault tolerance systems for ROS. Given its scope, the book will offer a valuable companion for ROS users and developers, helping them deepen their knowledge of ROS capabilities and features.
Author : Gerald Booth White
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (295 download)
Download or read book A Method to Greatly Increase the Range of Aircraft While in Formation Flight written by Gerald Booth White and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Defense University
Publisher : NDU Press
ISBN 13 : 1780390408
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (83 download)
Download or read book Bio-Inspired Innovation and National Security written by National Defense University and published by NDU Press. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the vital importance of the emerging area of biotechnology and its role in defense planning and policymaking, no definitive book has been written on the topic for the defense policymaker, the military student, and the private-sector bioscientist interested in the "emerging opportunities market" of national security. This edited volume is intended to help close this gap and provide the necessary backdrop for thinking strategically about biology in defense planning and policymaking. This volume is about applications of the biological sciences, here called "biologically inspired innovations," to the military. Rather than treating biology as a series of threats to be dealt with, such innovations generally approach the biological sciences as a set of opportunities for the military to gain strategic advantage over adversaries. These opportunities range from looking at everything from genes to brains, from enhancing human performance to creating renewable energy, from sensing the environment around us to harnessing its power.
Author :
Publisher : NDU Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Bio-inspired Innovation and National Security written by and published by NDU Press. This book was released on with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. P. Robert
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (228 download)
Download or read book Drag Reduction: An Industrial Challenge written by J. P. Robert and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few decades and particularly since the 70s, all civil aircraft manufacturers have made great efforts to reduce aircraft drag. The long term aim of this operation is to reduce the specific consumption of aircraft, the potential reduction of over 10 % would represent savings of several million dollars for the airlines (fig. 1). The successive fuel crises (fig. 2) have increased the need for developing new technologies to be applied on the new aircraft; retrofits, however, also have their uses. Estimating the drag of a transport aircraft through calculation or wind tunnel tests must come as close as possible to the value obtained in flight. Forecast errors to the order of 1 % following wind tunnel/flight transposition lead to technical and financial penalties and entail vast efforts to bring the values obtained during flight down to acceptable levels guaranteed by the aircraft manufacturers to their customer airlines. The technologies or concepts that could significantly reduce aircraft drag often have a different reduction potential. This reduction must be clearly shown to appear in the high speed tests using large-scale models (1/10 scale).
Author : Ronald J. Ray
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)
Download or read book Flight Test Techniques Used to Evaluate Performance Benefits During Formation Flight written by Ronald J. Ray and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bruce H. Carmichael
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Personal Aircraft Drag Reduction written by Bruce H. Carmichael and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Guy A. Baldassarre
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421407515
Total Pages : 1183 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)
Download or read book Ducks, Geese, and Swans of North America written by Guy A. Baldassarre and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 1183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ducks, Geese, and Swans of North America has been hailed as a classic since the first edition was published in 1942. A must-have for professional biologists, birders, waterfowl hunters, decoy collectors, and wildlife managers, this fully revised and updated edition provides definitive information on the continent's forty-six species. Maps of both winter and breeding ranges are presented with images by top waterfowl photographers and the acclaimed original artwork of Robert W. (Bob) Hines. Originally authored by F. H. Kortright and later revised by Frank Bellrose, this latest edition, which has been meticulously updated by renowned waterfowl biologist Guy Baldassarre, continues the legacy of esteemed authors. Each species account contains in-depth sections on: - identification - distribution - migration behavior - habitat - population status - breeding biology - rearing of young - recruitment and survival - food habits and feeding ecology - molts and plumages - conservation and management To facilitate identification, the species accounts also include detailed illustrations of wings. An appendix contains comparative illustrations of ducklings, goslings, and cygnets. Guy Baldassarre has hit the target. His remake of the Kortright/Bellrose classic provides good biological descriptions, wonderful photographs and illustrations, and easy-to-understand information about waterfowl. I would encourage every hunter and enthusiast to have these books as an educational guide to waterfowl and their needs.--H. Dale Hall, CEO, Ducks Unlimited, Inc. When, as an eleven-year-old in 1942, I read F. H. Kortright's first edition of this book, it altered the trajectory of my life. Every subsequent edition, including this latest update by Guy Baldassarre, has improved the landmark reference. I can't imagine that anyone interested in waterfowl or wetlands can live without this indispensable book.--Paul A. Johnsgard, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Creating a brand-new version of such a timeless and previously revised classic is a risky venture indeed, but nobody could be better suited for this monumental task than Guy Baldassarre. He has created a stunning new classic, at once magnificent in its visual appeal and truly comprehensive in its scientific breadth and depth. Hats off to Guy for dedicating himself to this project with such obvious passion, patience, and skill. This book absolutely belongs on the shelf or coffee table of anyone who has ever marveled at waterfowl, whether through their binoculars or from inside the duck blind.--John W. Fitzpatrick, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology Guy Baldassarre was a professor of wildlife ecology at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry in Syracuse until his death in 2012. He is the coauthor of the textbook, Waterfowl Ecology and Management. Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore www.press.jhu.edu This product consists of two volumes, packaged in a slipcase along with a CD containing references and additional maps. ISBN 13: 978-1-4214-0751-7 ISBN 10: 1-4214-0751-5 [Use barcode for ISBN 13: 978-1-4214-0751-7] Cover design: Cover illustration: Northern Pintail. GaryKramer.net Author photo: HOLD SPACE FOR AUTHOR PHOTO X: \marketing\author photos --John W. Fitzpatrick, Cornell Lab of Ornithology "Midwest Book Review"
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Bio-inspired Innovation and National Security written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Introduction: This volume is designed as an overview of the many applications of biology to the military and national security writ large (with the exception of bioweapons and biomedicine). Policy issues are covered, and original research is presented. The diversity of the authors' backgrounds reflects the breadth of applications and opportunities of biology to modern problems. The read should walk away enlightened as to the many possible ways in which biology is influencing and will continue to influence national security. Authors were asked to provede foresight on trends and indicators in their areas of interest (but not forecasts, which would describe a single future state) in order to better understand their implications for the next 20 years or so.
Download or read book A Design and Analysis Approach for Drag Reduction on Aircraft with Adaptive Lifting Surfaces written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adaptive lifting surfaces, which can be tailored for different flight conditions, have been shown to be beneficial for drag reduction when compared with conventional non-adaptive surfaces. Applying multiple trailing-edge flaps along the wing span allows for the redistribution of lift to suit different flight conditions. The current approach uses the trailing-edge flap distribution to reduce both induced- and profile- components of drag with a trim constraint. Induced drag is reduced by optimally redistributing the lift between the lifting surfaces and along the span of each surface. Profile drag is reduced through the use of natural laminar flow airfoils, which maintain distinct low-drag-ranges (drag buckets) surrounding design lift values. The low-drag-ranges can be extended to include off-design values through small flap deflections, similar to cruise flaps. Trim is constrained for a given static margin by considering longitudinal pitching moment contributions from changes in airfoil section due to individual flap deflections, and from the redistribution of fore-and-aft lift due to combination of flap deflections. The approach uses the concept of basic and additional lift to linearlize the problem, which allows for standard constrained-minimization theory to be employed for determining optimal flap-angle solutions. The resulting expressions for optimal flap-angle solutions are presented as simple matrix equations. This work presents a design and analysis approach which is used to produce flap-angle solutions that independently reduce induced, profile, and total drag. Total drag is defined to be the sum of the induced- and profile-components of drag. The general drag reduction approach is adapted for each specific situation to develop specific drag reduction schemes that are applied to single- and multiple-surface configurations. Successful results show that, for the application of the induced drag reduction schemes on a tailless aircraft, near-elliptical lift dist.
Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428990488
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)
Download or read book Sierra Hotel : flying Air Force fighters in the decade after Vietnam written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In February 1999, only a few weeks before the U.S. Air Force spearheaded NATO's Allied Force air campaign against Serbia, Col. C.R. Anderegg, USAF (Ret.), visited the commander of the U.S. Air Forces in Europe. Colonel Anderegg had known Gen. John Jumper since they had served together as jet forward air controllers in Southeast Asia nearly thirty years earlier. From the vantage point of 1999, they looked back to the day in February 1970, when they first controlled a laser-guided bomb strike. In this book Anderegg takes us from "glimmers of hope" like that one through other major improvements in the Air Force that came between the Vietnam War and the Gulf War. Always central in Anderegg's account of those changes are the people who made them. This is a very personal book by an officer who participated in the transformation he describes so vividly. Much of his story revolves around the Fighter Weapons School at Nellis Air Force Base (AFB), Nevada, where he served two tours as an instructor pilot specializing in guided munitions.
Author : Richard Shepherd Shevell
Publisher : Pearson Education India
ISBN 13 : 9788177587425
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (874 download)
Download or read book Fundamentals of Flight written by Richard Shepherd Shevell and published by Pearson Education India. This book was released on 1989 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
