Drag and Dynamics of Single and Clustered Parachutes in Freestream, and with Wake and Ground Effects

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Drag and Dynamics of Single and Clustered Parachutes in Freestream, and with Wake and Ground Effects by : Helmut G. Heinrich

Download or read book Drag and Dynamics of Single and Clustered Parachutes in Freestream, and with Wake and Ground Effects written by Helmut G. Heinrich and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of wind tunnel studies concerned with transient and steady state performance of single and clustered parachutes in cargo extraction systems are presented. In Part 1, circular flat and ringslot canopies singly suspended and in clusters of 2, 3, and 4, were deployed in freestream, in the wake of an aircraft, and near a simulated ground. As a further means of analysis, wake pressure surveys were performed on the DHC-4 Caribou and the C-130 Hercules aircraft and are presented in Part 2.

Behavior of Extraction Parachutes in the Wake of a Powered Airplane Model

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Behavior of Extraction Parachutes in the Wake of a Powered Airplane Model by : H. G. Heinrich

Download or read book Behavior of Extraction Parachutes in the Wake of a Powered Airplane Model written by H. G. Heinrich and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The drag and stability characteristics of single and clustered solid flat and ringslot parachutes as cargo extraction systems in the wake of a model of the Caribou airplane with windmilling and powered propellers are reported. The investigation also includes the effect of actuated wing trailing flaps, and the variation of the parachute performance parameters in midair and near the ground. It was found that in all cases the drag coefficient of the cluster decreases with the increased number of canopies in the cluster, and a single ringslot parachute is more stable than the most stable cluster of solid flat canopies. The effects of the powered propeller slipstream and flap actuation are noticeable but not dominating. Also, wake surveys of the airplane showed characteristic dynamic pressure defects or increases for power off or on flight conditions. The location of these pressure fields was noticeably influenced by flap actuation and ground effects.

Technical Abstract Bulletin

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 784 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Technical Abstract Bulletin by : Defense Documentation Center (U.S.)

Download or read book Technical Abstract Bulletin written by Defense Documentation Center (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Recovery System Design Guide

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Recovery System Design Guide by : E. G. Ewing

Download or read book Recovery System Design Guide written by E. G. Ewing and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document serves as the third revision of the USAF Parachute Handbook which was first published in 1951. The data and information represent the current state of the art relative to recovery system design and development. The initial chapters describe representative recovery applications, components, subsystems, material, manufacture and testing. The final chapters provide empirical data and analytical methods useful for predicting performance and presenting a definitive design of selected components into a reliable recovery system.

An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Reduction in Parachute Drag Caused by Forebody Wake Effects

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (692 download)

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Book Synopsis An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Reduction in Parachute Drag Caused by Forebody Wake Effects by : Carl W. Peterson

Download or read book An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Reduction in Parachute Drag Caused by Forebody Wake Effects written by Carl W. Peterson and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experiment was conducted to evaluate approximate analytical methods for predicting the reduction in parachute drag caused by forebody wake effects. The drag of a 20° conical ribbon parachute was measured at several axial stations behind an ogive cylinder forebody with and without fins. The same parachute was tested in "undisturbed" flow (where wake effects were neligible) so that the effects of suspension line length on parachute drag could be separated from the drag losses caused by the turbulent wake. Total head pressure surveys were made across the forebody wake and integrated scross the canopy skirt area to determine the effective dynamic pressure acting on the parachute. Experimental results confirmed the validity of the underlying physical model of the parachute/wake interaction: the ratio of parachute drag behind a forebody divided by wake-free parachute drag is equal to the ratio of effective dynamic pressure acting on the parachute divided by free-stream dynamic pressure. However, the inability of existing turbulent wake theoretical models to make accurate predictions of wake velocity distributions for arbitrary forebody shapes is a fundamental limitation of the drag-loss analysis. If wake velocity profiles are known, the empirical constants in the turbulent wake theoretical models can be adjusted and accurate estimates of wake-induced parachute drag loss can be obtained from existing theory.

Parachute Recovery Systems

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 524 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Parachute Recovery Systems by : Theo W. Knacke

Download or read book Parachute Recovery Systems written by Theo W. Knacke and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this manual is to provide recovery system engineers in government and industry with tools to evaluate, analyze, select, and design parachute recovery systems. These systems range from simple, one-parachute assemblies to multiple-parachute systems, and may include equipment for impact attenuation, flotation, location, retrieval, and disposition. All system aspects are discussed, including the need for parachute recovery, the selection of the most suitable recovery system concept, concept analysis, parachute performance, force and stress analysis, material selection, parachute assembly and component design, and manufacturing. Experienced recovery system engineers will find this publication useful as a technical reference book; recent college graduates will find it useful as a textbook for learning about parachutes and parachute recovery systems; and technicians with extensive practical experience will find it useful as an engineering textbook that includes a chapter on parachute- related aerodynamics. In this manual, emphasis is placed on aiding government employees in evaluating and supervising the design and application of parachute systems. The parachute recovery system uses aerodynamic drag to decelerate people and equipment moving in air from a higher velocity to a lower velocity and to a safe landing. This lower velocity is known as rate of descent, landing velocity, or impact velocity, and is determined by the following requirements: (1) landing personnel uninjured and ready for action, (2) landing equipment and air vehicles undamaged and ready for use or refurbishment, and (3) impacting ordnance at a preselected angle and velocity.

Reductions in Parachute Drag Due to Forebody Wake Effects

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (713 download)

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Book Synopsis Reductions in Parachute Drag Due to Forebody Wake Effects by : C. W. Peterson

Download or read book Reductions in Parachute Drag Due to Forebody Wake Effects written by C. W. Peterson and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experiment was conducted to evaluate approximate analytical methods for predicting the reduction in parachute drag due to forebody wake effects. The drag of a 20° conical ribbon parachute was measured at several axial stations behind an ogive-cylinder forebody with and without fins. The same parachute was tested in "undisturbed" flow (where wake effects were negligible) so that the effects of suspension line length on parachute drag could be separated from the drag losses caused by the turbulent wake. Total head pressure surveys were made across the forebody wake and integrated across the canopy skirt area to determine the effective dynamic pressure acting on the parachute. Experimental results confirmed the validity of the underlying physical model of the parachute/wake interaction: the ratio of parachute drag behind a forebody divided by wake-free parachute drag is equal to the ratio of effective dynamic pressure acting on the parachute divided by freestream dynamic pressure. However, the inability of existing turbulent wake theoretical models to make accurate predictions of wake velocity distributions for arbitrary forebody shapes is a fundamental limitation of the drag loss analysis. If wake velocity profiles are known, the empirical constants in trhe turbulent wake theoretical models can be adjusted and accurate estimates of wake-induced parachute drag loss can be obtained from existing theory.

Opening Dynamics of Parachutes in Free-stream and in the Wake of an Aircraft, with and Without Ground Effect

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Opening Dynamics of Parachutes in Free-stream and in the Wake of an Aircraft, with and Without Ground Effect by : Kenneth Bruce Buchanan

Download or read book Opening Dynamics of Parachutes in Free-stream and in the Wake of an Aircraft, with and Without Ground Effect written by Kenneth Bruce Buchanan and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Effects of Unsteady Aerodynamics on Single and Clustered Parachute Systems

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Unsteady Aerodynamics on Single and Clustered Parachute Systems by : D. E. Waye

Download or read book The Effects of Unsteady Aerodynamics on Single and Clustered Parachute Systems written by D. E. Waye and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was performed to evaluate the performance of equivalent drag area single parachute systems and cluster parachute systems during the early inflation and initial deceleration phase. Analytical work showed that the cluster system could exhibit better performance during this unsteady aerodynamic phase due to a significant decrease in the apparent mass of air influenced by the parachutes. Two test programs have been performed in support of these assumptions. The first compared systems with parachute effective drag areas of approximately 750 ft2 and a payload of 2400 lbs. The cluster system performed better and exhibited less susceptibility to parachute collapse due to wake recontact. The second series comapred systems with parachute effictive drag areas of approximately 260 ft2 with a payload of 800 lbs. The advantagees of the cluster system in this case were less apparent but performance was moderately improved.

Low-speed Free-flight Stability and Drag Characteristics of Radially Vented Parachutes

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Low-speed Free-flight Stability and Drag Characteristics of Radially Vented Parachutes by : Sanger M. Burk

Download or read book Low-speed Free-flight Stability and Drag Characteristics of Radially Vented Parachutes written by Sanger M. Burk and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A drop-test investigation has been conducted to determine the stability and drag characteristics of radially vented (duplex) parachutes. Parachutes of two different designs were tested: a large parachute with high geometric porosity and a small parachute with low geometric porosity designed for the same descent velocity with the same load. The results of the tests show that the large high-porosity duplex parachute was very stable in descent, oscillations averaging about [plus-or-minus]3.40; and the average drag coefficient based on the total canopy area and based on the fabric area alone were approximately 0.38 and 0.55, respectively. The small, low-porosity duplex parachute was also very stable in descent, oscillations averaging about [plus-or-minus]4.50; and the average drag coefficients based on the total canopy area and based on the fabric area alone were approximately 0.62 and 0.79, respectively. The oscillations for the cluster of three solid flat circular parachutes, tested for comparison purposes, were [plus-or-minus]7.10. The average drag coefficients based on the total canopy area and the fabric area alone were approximately 0.64 and 0.65, respectively.

The Effects of Design Parameters and Local Flow Fields on the Performance of Hyperflo Supersonic Parachutes and High Dynamic Pressure Parachute Concepts

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Design Parameters and Local Flow Fields on the Performance of Hyperflo Supersonic Parachutes and High Dynamic Pressure Parachute Concepts by : Leland W. Sims

Download or read book The Effects of Design Parameters and Local Flow Fields on the Performance of Hyperflo Supersonic Parachutes and High Dynamic Pressure Parachute Concepts written by Leland W. Sims and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wake flow field surveys were conducted in the wind tunnel behind several side strut mounted forebodies in the Mach number range from 2 to 5. Studies of the effects of design parameters on Hyperflo supersonic parachutes, and of high dynamic pressure parachute configurations deployed in such wakes were performed. Wake pressure distributions indicated an asymmetry due to the forebody support structure, and a disturbance to the flow field which emanates from the support structure. The latter was most pronounced at Mach numbers above 3. Modification to the wake caused by an air bleed into the forebody base was also indicated. Normal, but higher than predicted axial wake Mach number distributions were found to exist in the forebody wakes. Hyperflo tests at Mach numbers 5 to 5.5 showed abnormally large parachute oscillations with models located at large downstream positions aft of the forebodies. The effects of Hyperflo design parameters and forebody type on model performance are only qualitatively indicated by the tests conducted. (Author).

Wake Properties Behind an Ejection Seat Escape System and Aerodynamic Characteristics with Stabilization Parachutes at Mach Numbers from 0.6 to 1.5

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Wake Properties Behind an Ejection Seat Escape System and Aerodynamic Characteristics with Stabilization Parachutes at Mach Numbers from 0.6 to 1.5 by : David E. A. Reichenau

Download or read book Wake Properties Behind an Ejection Seat Escape System and Aerodynamic Characteristics with Stabilization Parachutes at Mach Numbers from 0.6 to 1.5 written by David E. A. Reichenau and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A test was conducted in the Propulsion Wind Tunnel (16T) of the Propulsion Wind Tunnel Facility to determine the flow field in the wake of an ejection seat escape system at transonic flight conditions, and to determine the performance characteristics of a stabilization parachute attached to the back of the ejection seat model. The results were obtained for both simulated rocket-off and rocket-on conditions through a model angle-of-attack range from 0 to 30 deg. High pressure air was used to simulate the escape rocket jet plume at a sea-level altitude. The results show that the ejection seat model was statically unstable, but became longitudinally stable with the parachute for the test range investigated. (Author).

Recovery System Design Guide

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Recovery System Design Guide by : E. G. Ewing

Download or read book Recovery System Design Guide written by E. G. Ewing and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Techniques for Selection and Analysis of Parachute Deployment Systems

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Techniques for Selection and Analysis of Parachute Deployment Systems by : Earle K. Huckins

Download or read book Techniques for Selection and Analysis of Parachute Deployment Systems written by Earle K. Huckins and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Investigation of the Flow Field During the Inflation of Clustered Parachutes

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigation of the Flow Field During the Inflation of Clustered Parachutes by : R. J. Niccum

Download or read book Investigation of the Flow Field During the Inflation of Clustered Parachutes written by R. J. Niccum and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clustered parachutes during the period of inflation were simulated by elliptical cylinders in potential flow and so-called O'Hara shape parachutes in water flow and wind tunnel experiments. The results are presented in the form of streamline and pressure distribution plots around the respective bodies. Results show that when geometric symmetry is disturbed, the flow field becomes unsymmetrical and strong attractive or repulsive forces are developed. This allows a variety of inflation modes to occur and, hence, poor cluster opening performance.

Drag Coefficients for Partially Inflated Flat Circular Parachutes

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Drag Coefficients for Partially Inflated Flat Circular Parachutes by : Stanley H. Scher

Download or read book Drag Coefficients for Partially Inflated Flat Circular Parachutes written by Stanley H. Scher and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free-body tests were made in the Langley spin tunnel to determine drag coefficients for 1.07-meter-diameter (3.5-foot) flat circular parachutes when restrained by wire frames in a series of shapes representing those that parachutes assume during the inflation process. Both high-porosity (stable) and low-porosity (unstable) parachutes were investigated. The results obtained should be applicable to inflation analyses for flat circular parachutes.

Wind-tunnel Investigation of Drag and Stabili- Ty of Parachutes at Supersonic Speeds

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)

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Book Synopsis Wind-tunnel Investigation of Drag and Stabili- Ty of Parachutes at Supersonic Speeds by : Nickolai Charczenko

Download or read book Wind-tunnel Investigation of Drag and Stabili- Ty of Parachutes at Supersonic Speeds written by Nickolai Charczenko and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: