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Dose Assessment For Potential Radionuclide Emissions From Stacks On The Hanford Site
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Book Synopsis Dose Assessment for Potential Radionuclide Emissions from Stacks on the Hanford Site by :
Download or read book Dose Assessment for Potential Radionuclide Emissions from Stacks on the Hanford Site written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this document is to present the assessment results for the registered stacks on the Hanford Site for potential emissions, i.e. emissions with no control devices in place. Further, the document will identify those stacks requiring continuous monitoring, i.e. the effective dose equivalent from potential emissions>0.1 mrem/yr. The stack assessment of potential emissions was performed on 84 registered stacks on the Hanford Site. These emission sources represent individual point sources presently registered under Washington Administrative code 246-247 with the Washington Department of Health. The methods used in assessing the potential emissions from the stacks are described.
Book Synopsis Contrastive Field Experience with Language and Values of the Arahapo by : Zdenek Salzmann
Download or read book Contrastive Field Experience with Language and Values of the Arahapo written by Zdenek Salzmann and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Potential Radionuclide Emissions from Stacks on the Hanford Site, Part 2 by :
Download or read book Potential Radionuclide Emissions from Stacks on the Hanford Site, Part 2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September 1992, the Westinghouse Hanford Company began developing an in situ measurement method to assess gamma radiation emanating from high-efficiency particulate air filters using portable low-resolution gamma spectroscopy. The purpose of the new method was to assess radioactive exhaust stack air emissions from empirical data rather than from theoretical models and to determine the potential unabated dose to an offsite theoretical maximally exposed individual. In accordance with Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 61, Subpart H, Ǹ̀ational Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants̀̀, stacks that have the potential to emit e"0.1 mrem per year to the maximally exposed individual are considered m̀̀ajor ̀̀and must meet the continuous monitoring requirements. After the method was tested and verified, the US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, approved its use in June 1993. Of the 125 stacks operated by the Westinghouse Hanford Company, 22 were targeted for evaluation by this method; and 15 were assessed. The most significant, result from this study was the redesignation. of the T Plant main stack. The stack was assessed as being m̀̀inor, ̀̀ and it now only requires periodic confirmatory measurements and meets federally imposed sampling requirements.
Book Synopsis Potential Radionuclide Emissions from Stacks on the Hanford Site, Part 2 by :
Download or read book Potential Radionuclide Emissions from Stacks on the Hanford Site, Part 2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September 1992, the Westinghouse Hanford Company began developing an in situ measurement method to assess gamma radiation emanating from high-efficiency particulate air filters using portable low-resolution gamma spectroscopy. The purpose of the new method was to assess radioactive exhaust stack air emissions from empirical data rather than from theoretical models and to determine the potential unabated dose to an offsite theoretical maximally exposed individual. In accordance with Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 61, Subpart H, {open_quotes}National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants{close_quotes}, stacks that have the potential to emit ≥ 1 [mu]Sv y{sup -1} (0.1 mrem y{sup -1}) to the maximally exposed individual are considered {open_quotes}major{close_quotes} and must meet the continuous monitoring requirements. After the method was tested and verified, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, approved its use in June 1993. Of the 125 stacks operated by the Westinghouse Hanford Company, 22 were targeted for evaluation by this method, and 15 were assessed. (The method could not be applied at seven stacks because of excessive background radiation or because no gamma emitting particles appear in the emission stream.) The most significant result from this study was the redesignation of the T Plant main stack. The stack was assessed as being {open_quotes}minor{close_quotes}, and it now only requires periodic confirmatory measurements and meets federally imposed sampling requirements.
Book Synopsis Potential Radionuclide Emissions from Stacks on the Hanford Site. Part 1 by :
Download or read book Potential Radionuclide Emissions from Stacks on the Hanford Site. Part 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On February 3, 1993, the US Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office (RL) received a Compliance Order and Information Request from the Director of the Air and Toxics Division of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 10. The Compliance Plan specified that a dose assessment would be performed for 84 Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) stacks registered with the Washington State Department of Health (WAC 246-247) on the Hanford Site. Stacks that have the potential emissions to cause an effective dose equivalent (EDE) to a maximum exposed individual (MEI) greater than 0.1 mrem y−1 must be monitored continuously for radionuclide emissions. Five methods were approved by EPA, Region 10 for performing the assessments: Release Fractions from Appendix D of 40 CFR 61, Back Calculations Using A HEPA Filtration Factor, Nondestructive Assay of HEPA Filters, A Spill Release Fraction, and Upstream of HEPA Filter Air Concentrations. The first two methods were extremely conservative for estimating releases. The third method which used a state-of-the-art portable gamma spectrometer, yielded surprising results from the distribution of radionuclides on the HEPA filters. All five methods are described.
Book Synopsis Assessment for Potential Radionuclide Emissions from Stacks and Diffuse and Fugitive Sources on the Hanford Site by :
Download or read book Assessment for Potential Radionuclide Emissions from Stacks and Diffuse and Fugitive Sources on the Hanford Site written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By using the six EPA-approved methods, instead of only the original back calculation method for assessing the 84 WHC registered stacks, the number of stacks requiring continuous monitoring was reduced from 32 to 19 stacks. The intercomparison between results showed that no correlation existed between back calculations and release fractions. Also the NDA, upstream air samples, and powder release fraction method results were at least three orders of magnitude lower then the back calculations results. The most surprising results of the assessment came from NDA. NDA was found to be an easy method for assessing potential emissions. For the nine stacks assessed by NDA, all nine of the stacks would have required continuous monitoring when assessed by back calculations. However, when NDA was applied all stacks had potential emissions that would cause an EDE below the> 0.1 mrem/y standard. Apparent DFs for the HEPA filter systems were calculated for eight nondesignated stacks with emissions above the detection limit. These apparent DFs ranged from 0.5 to 250. The EDE dose to the MEI was calculated to be 0.028 mrem/y for diffuse and fugitive emissions from the Hanford Sited. This is well below the> 0.1 mrem/y standard.
Book Synopsis Hanford Site Radionuclide National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Registered Stack Source Assessment by :
Download or read book Hanford Site Radionuclide National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Registered Stack Source Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On February 3, 1993, the US Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office received a Compliance Order and Information Request from the Director of the Air and Toxics Division of the US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10. The Compliance Order requires the Richland Operations Office to evaluate all radionuclide emission points at the Hanford Site . The evaluation also determined if the effective dose equivalent from any of these stack emissions exceeded 0.1 mrem/yr, which will require the stack to have continuous monitoring. The result of this assessment identified a total of 16 stacks as having potential emissions that, would cause an effective dose equivalent greater than 0.1 mrem/yr.
Book Synopsis Hanford Site Radionuclide National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Unregistered Stack (power Exhaust) Source Assessment by :
Download or read book Hanford Site Radionuclide National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Unregistered Stack (power Exhaust) Source Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On February 3, 1993, the US Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office received a Compliance Order and Information Request from the Director of the Air and Toxics Division of the US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10. The Compliance Order requires the Richland Operations Office to evaluate all radionuclide emission points at the Hanford Site to determine which are subject to continuous emission measurement requirements in 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 61, Subpart H, and to continuously measure radionuclide emissions in accordance with 40 CFR 61.93. This evaluation provides an assessment of the 39 unregistered stacks, under Westinghouse Hanford Company's management, and their potential radionuclide emissions, i.e., emissions with no control devices in place. The evaluation also determined if the effective dose equivalent from any of these stack emissions exceeded 0.1 mrem/yr, which will require the stack to have continuous monitoring. The result of this assessment identified three stacks, 107-N, 296-P-26 and 296-P-28, as having potential emissions that would cause an effective dose equivalent greater than 0.1 mrem/yr. These stacks, as noted by 40 CFR 61.93, would require continuous monitoring.
Book Synopsis Hanford Site Radionuclide Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Stack Source Assessment by :
Download or read book Hanford Site Radionuclide Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Stack Source Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US. Department of Energy (DOE), Richland Operations Office (DOE-RL), is a department, agency, or instrumentality of the executive branch of the Federal Government and must comply with the requirements of the Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1955, as amended, and the implementing regulations. On December 15, 1989, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) the ''National Emission Standards for Emissions of Radionuclides Other Than Radon From Department of Energy Facilities'' (40 CFR Part 61, Subpart H). Subpart H requires that the emissions of radionuclides from any DOE Facility shall not exceed those amounts that would cause any member of the public to receive an effective dose equivalent (EDE) of 10 mrem in a year. In addition, potential emissions of radionuclides from a stack or vent that exceed 0.1 mrem/year to the maximum exposed individual (MEI) require continuous monitoring. The requirement for calculating potential emissions is to compute the emissions, which could occur without control devices in place but with operations otherwise normal. In 1998, an assessment was performed of the Project Hanford Management Contract (PHMC) and Bechtel Hanford, Inc. (BHI) stacks (HNF-1974). Since then, changes have occurred in the location of the MEI, in the status of onsite facilities, in the unit dose factor in closing stacks, in the emissions, and in the addition of new stacks and vents. Because of these changes, an updated assessment was warranted. This assessment provides an update for the 44 stacks on the Hanford Site under management of Fluor Hanford, Inc. (FH) and BHI.
Book Synopsis EnVisionMath by : Randall Inners Charles
Download or read book EnVisionMath written by Randall Inners Charles and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports by :
Download or read book The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Safety written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities by : National Research Council
Download or read book Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Facility Radionuclide Emission Points and Sampling Systems by :
Download or read book Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Facility Radionuclide Emission Points and Sampling Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Battelle--Pacific Northwest Division operates numerous research and development laboratories in Richland, Washington, including those associated with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) on the Department of Energy's Hanford Site that have the potential for radionuclide air emissions. The National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP 40 CFR 61, Subparts H and I) requires an assessment of all effluent release points that have the potential for radionuclide emissions. Potential emissions are assessed annually. Sampling, monitoring, and other regulatory compliance requirements are designated based upon the potential-to-emit dose criteria found in the regulations. The purpose of this document is to describe the facility radionuclide air emission sampling program and provide current and historical facility emission point system performance, operation, and design information. A description of the buildings, exhaust points, control technologies, and sample extraction details is provided for each registered or deregistered facility emission point. Additionally, applicable stack sampler configuration drawings, figures, and photographs are provided.
Book Synopsis The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports by :
Download or read book The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
