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Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Does Nitrite Cause Cancer? written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (631 download)
Download or read book Does Nitrite Cause Cancer? written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A recent study conducted for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) indicated that nitrite may cause cancer. Legislation provides that any substance determined to cause cancer in humans or animals may not be used as a food additive. This same legislation also states that a substantial unresolved question about the safety of a food additive is also a basis for its removal from use. For several years, nitrite has been used to preserve, color and flavor meat, poultry, and fish. It also protects against the formation of botulism toxin. FDA and the Department of Agriculture (USDA) are faced with a regulatory dilemma in that the use of nitrate protects consumers against one serious problem, and may cause another. Because nitrite is widely used, is important, and lacks an acceptable chemical substitute, FDA, with USDA concurrence, planned to phase out its use over several years. However, the Department of Justice determined that no authority exists for such a phase out and that removal of a cancer-causing substance may not be delayed. Questions have been raised about the validity of the nitrite study. Site visits to the researcher's laboratory were to be used to assess contractor performance, but this was not done until a critical phase of the study was nearly completed. When progress reports, the primary tool for monitoring the study, were submitted late or not at all, agency officials did not follow up with the researcher and did not make a prompt written evaluation of the reports received. FDA review of long-term study results did not include a reexamination of animal tissue slides which, along with notes from the physical examination of the animal, are the basis for pathology diagnoses used to assess the cancer-causing potential of a substance. Because the contract for this study did not specify the types of data FDA would need to evaluate study results, some data were submitted late or not recorded. FDA does not have guidelines for design data recording and reporting, and statistical evaluation for long-term toxicity studies such as this one. Statistical procedures used in evaluating test data were criticized by reviewers. Many deviations from acceptable laboratory procedures were revealed in a FDA inspection of the nitrite researcher's laboratory.
Author : United States Accounting Office (GAO)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781720656562
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (565 download)
Download or read book Does Nitrite Cause Cancer? Concerns about Validity of Fda-Sponsored Study Delay Answer written by United States Accounting Office (GAO) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does Nitrite Cause Cancer? Concerns About Validity of FDA-Sponsored Study Delay Answer
Author : Jane Grigson
Publisher : Grub Street Cookery
ISBN 13 : 1908117931
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (81 download)
Download or read book Charcuterie and French Pork Cookery written by Jane Grigson and published by Grub Street Cookery. This book was released on 2008-11-04 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timeless classic of French cuisine brings age-old mastery of everything pork into your kitchen, one easy-to-follow step at a time. Every town in France has at least one charcutier, whose windows are dressed with astonishing displays of delicious food: pâté, terrines, galantines, jambon, saucissons, and boudins. The charcutier will also sell olives, anchovies, and condiments, as well as various salads of his own creation, making it an essential stop when assembling picnics or impromptu meals. But the real skill of the charcutier lies in his transformation of the pig into an array of delicacies; a trade which goes back at least as far as classical Rome, when Gaul was famed for its hams. First published in 1969, Jane Grigson’s classic Charcuterie and French Pork Cookery is a guide and a recipe book. She describes every type of charcuterie available for purchase and how to make them yourself. She describes how to braise, roast, pot-roast, and stew all cuts of pork, how to make terrines, and how to cure ham and make sausages at home.
Author : AnnMarie Kocher
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1607616165
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (76 download)
Download or read book Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease written by AnnMarie Kocher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-15 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease delivers a comprehensive review of nitrite and nitrate biology, from basic biochemistry to the complex physiology and metabolism of these two naturally occurring molecules in the human body. Well-organized and well referenced chapters cover the rich history of nitrite and nitrate, sources of exposure, and the physiological effects when consumed through foods containing nitrite and nitrate. The chapters are written by leading experts, all of whom share their research and perspectives in order to help define the context for benefits vs. any potential risks associated with nitrite and nitrate use, either through dietary ingestion or therapeutic dosing. This diverse collection of authors includes vascular biologists, physiologists, physicians, epidemiologists, cancer biologists, registered dieticians, chemists, and public health experts from five countries in both academia and government. Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease provides a balanced view of nitric oxide biochemistry, and nitrite and nitrate biochemistry in physiology and in the food sciences.
Author : IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Publisher : International Agency for Research on Cancer
ISBN 13 : 9789283201526
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Red Meat and Processed Meat written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by International Agency for Research on Cancer. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the consumption of red meat and the consumption of processed meat. Red meat refers to unprocessed mammalian muscle meat (e.g. beef, veal, pork, lamb) including that which may be minced or frozen. Processed meat refers to meat that has been transformed through salting, curing, fermentation, smoking or other processes to enhance flavor or improve preservation. Most processed meats contain pork or beef, but may also contain other meats including poultry and offal (e.g. liver) or meat by-products such as blood. Red meat contains proteins of high biological value, and important micronutrients such as B vitamins, iron (both free iron and haem iron), and zinc. Carcinogens, including heterocyclic aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, can be produced by cooking of meat, with greatest amounts generated at high temperatures by pan-frying, grilling, or barbecuing. Meat processing such as curing and smoking can result in formation of carcinogenic chemicals including N-nitroso compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of the consumption of red meat and processed meat. The Working Group assessed more than 800 epidemiological studies that investigated the association of cancer (more than 15 types) with consumption of red meat or processed meat, including large cohorts in many countries, from several continents, with diverse ethnicities and diets.
Author : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309175712
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens in the Human Diet written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-02-12 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite increasing knowledge of human nutrition, the dietary contribution to cancer remains a troubling question. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens assembles the best available information on the magnitude of potential cancer riskâ€"and potential anticarcinogenic effectâ€"from naturally occurring chemicals compared with risk from synthetic chemical constituents. The committee draws important conclusions about diet and cancer, including the carcinogenic role of excess calories and fat, the anticarcinogenic benefit of fiber and other substances, and the impact of food additive regulation. The book offers recommendations for epidemiological and diet research. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens provides a readable overview of issues and addresses critical questions: Does diet contribute to an appreciable proportion of human cancer? Are there significant interactions between carcinogens and anticarcinogens in the diet? The volume discusses the mechanisms of carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic properties and considers whether techniques used to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of synthetics can be used with naturally occurring chemicals. The committee provides criteria for prioritizing the vast number of substances that need to be tested. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens clarifies the issues and sets the direction for further investigations into diet and cancer. This volume will be of interest to anyone involved in food and health issues: policymakers, regulators, researchers, nutrition professionals, and health advocates.
Author : Richard Hoffman
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118713389
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (187 download)
Download or read book The Mediterranean Diet written by Richard Hoffman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-22 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent large-scale epidemiological studies have confirmed the pre-eminence of the Mediterranean diet for reducing the risk of primary and secondary heart disease and cancer. There is also increasingly convincing evidence for its protective value against diabetes, dementias and other age-related disorders, and for increasing overall longevity. The Mediterranean Diet: Health and Science is a timely, authoritative and accessible account of the Mediterranean diet for nutritionists and dieticians. It discusses the Mediterranean diet in the light of recent developments in nutritional biochemistry, disease mechanisms and epidemiological studies, and also provides advice on nutrition policies and interventions. The Mediterranean Diet: Health and Science opens with an overview of the Mediterranean diet, and this is followed by a survey of the latest epidemiological evidence for its health benefits. There is detailed nutritional information on olive oil, wine, fish, fruit and vegetables and other components of the Mediterranean diet, and this information is used to explain how the diet protects against a range of age-related diseases. The book emphasises the importance of understanding the Mediterranean diet in its totality by discussing the evidence for beneficial interactions between various components of the diet. There are also discussions of how agricultural practices, as well as food preparation and cooking techniques, influence the nutritional quality of the diet. The book concludes by discussing the social context in which the Mediterranean diet is eaten, and public health issues associated with adopting a Mediterranean diet, especially in the context of more northerly countries. Written by nutritional biochemist Richard Hoffman and a past President of the French Nutrition Society, Mariette Gerber, who between them have many years experience in this area, this exciting and highly topical boook is an essential purchase for all nutritionists and dietitians worldwide. Libraries in all universities where nutrition, dietetics and food science and technology are studied and taught should have copies of this excellent book on their shelves.
Author : Dr. James DiNicolantonio
Publisher : Harmony
ISBN 13 : 0451496973
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (514 download)
Download or read book The Salt Fix written by Dr. James DiNicolantonio and published by Harmony. This book was released on 2017-06-06 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What if everything you know about salt is wrong? A leading cardiovascular research scientist explains how this vital crystal got a negative reputation, and shows how to lower blood pressure and experience weight loss using salt. The Salt Fix is essential reading for everyone on the keto diet! We’ve all heard the recommendation: eat no more than a teaspoon of salt a day for a healthy heart. Health-conscious Americans have hewn to the conventional wisdom that your salt shaker can put you on the fast track to a heart attack, and have suffered through bland but “heart-healthy” dinners as a result. What if the low-salt dogma is wrong? Dr. James DiNicolantonio has reviewed more than five hundred publications to unravel the impact of salt on blood pressure and heart disease. He’s reached a startling conclusion: The vast majority of us don’t need to watch our salt intake. In fact, for most of us, more salt would be advantageous to our nutrition—especially for those of us on the keto diet, as keto depletes this important mineral from our bodies. The Salt Fix tells the remarkable story of how salt became unfairly demonized—a never-before-told drama of competing egos and interests—and took the fall for another white crystal: sugar. According to The Salt Fix, too little salt can: • Make you crave sugar and refined carbs • Send the body into semistarvation mode • Lead to weight gain, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and increased blood pressure and heart rate But eating the salt you desire can improve everything, from your sleep, energy, and mental focus to your fitness, fertility, and sexual performance. It can even stave off common chronic illnesses, including heart disease. The Salt Fix shows the best ways to add salt back into your diet, offering his transformative five-step program for recalibrating your salt thermostat to achieve your unique, ideal salt intake. Science has moved on from the low-salt dogma, and so should you—your life may depend on it.
Author : Jean L'hirondel
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 1845933311
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (459 download)
Download or read book Nitrate and Man written by Jean L'hirondel and published by CABI. This book was released on 2002 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrate is ubiquitous. It is present in water, soil, plants and food, and is also a normal human metabolite. The main external sources of nitrate are vegetables and drinking water. This book examines the relationship between nitrates and human health.During the last 50 years or so, nitrate has been feared as the source of the rare condition called methaemoglobinaemia, or 'blue baby syndrome', for young infants. Nitrate has also been implicated with causing cancer, through increased formation of carcinogenic compounds. Both claims are based on dubious evidence. This book sets out research results to disprove these assumptions, and goes on to explore the beneficial effects of nitrate in preventing infections, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. It is essential reading for researchers in medicine, and those in agriculture and food industries.
Author : Yash P. Abrol
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128119047
Total Pages : 570 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book The Indian Nitrogen Assessment written by Yash P. Abrol and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-08-14 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Indian Nitrogen Assessment: Sources of Reactive Nitrogen, Environmental and Climate Effects, and Management Options and Policies provides a reference for anyone interested in Reactive N, from researchers and students, to environmental managers. Although the main processes that affect the N cycle are well known, this book is focused on the causes and effects of disruption in the N cycle, specifically in India. The book helps readers gain a precise understanding of the scale of nitrogen use, misuse, and release through various agricultural, industrial, vehicular, and other activities, also including discussions on its contribution to the pollution of water and air. Drawing upon the collective work of the Indian Nitrogen Group, this reference book helps solve the challenges associated with providing reliable estimates of nitrogen transfers within different ecosystems, also presenting the next steps that should be taken in the development of balanced, cost-effective, and feasible strategies to reduce the amount of reactive nitrogen. Identifies all significant sources of reactive nitrogen flows and their contribution to the nitrogen-cycle on a national, regional, and global level Covers nitrogen management across sectors, including the environment, food security, energy, and health Provides a single reference on reactive nitrogen in India to help in a number of activities, including the evaluation, analysis, synthesis, documentation, and communications on reactive nitrogen
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : Legare Street Press
ISBN 13 : 9781015691629
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (916 download)
Download or read book Diet Nutrition And Cancer written by National Research Council and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author : Committee on Curriculum Development in Environmental Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309568722
Total Pages : 988 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)
Download or read book Environmental Medicine written by Committee on Curriculum Development in Environmental Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-05-12 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People are increasingly concerned about potential environmental health hazards and often ask their physicians questions such as: "Is the tap water safe to drink?" "Is it safe to live near power lines?" Unfortunately, physicians often lack the information and training related to environmental health risks needed to answer such questions. This book discusses six competency based learning objectives for all medical school students, discusses the relevance of environmental health to specific courses and clerkships, and demonstrates how to integrate environmental health into the curriculum through published case studies, some of which are included in one of the book's three appendices. Also included is a guide on where to obtain additional information for treatment, referral, and follow-up for diseases with possible environmental and/or occupational origins.
Author : J.W. Gorrod
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080525512
Total Pages : 773 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Analytical Determination of Nicotine and Related Compounds and their Metabolites written by J.W. Gorrod and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-11-02 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides for the first time a single comprehensive source of information on the analytical chemistry of nicotine and related alkaloids. The editors have brought together scientists from academia and the tobacco industry to describe the state-of-the-art of the chemistry and analytical methods for measurement of nicotine. Both the scope and detail of the book are impressive. Chapters describe the history, pharmacology and toxicology of nicotine, the biosynthesis of nicotine and other alkaloids in the tobacco plant, the general chemistry of nicotine and the analytical methodologies that have been used to measure nicotine and related alkaloids in biological specimens, in tobacco and pharmaceutical products and in tobacco smoke. There is also a comprehensive review of the chemistry and toxicology of nicotine-derived nitrosamines, an important class of tobacco carcinogens.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Health Hazards of Nitrite Inhalants written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : P. Needleman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364266024X
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)
Download or read book Organic Nitrates written by P. Needleman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitroglycerin and other organic nitrates have been used for over a century in the treatment of angina pectoris. Millions of patients, throughout the world, have placed nitroglycerin tablets under the tongue and have experienced rapid and dramatic relief from the chest pain that frequently occurs as a manifestation of disease of the coronary arteries. The empirical observation of the safe use of nitrates for tile alleviation of the symptoms of angina have led to their widespread medical acceptance. The use of organic nitrates preceded any knowledge of their mechanism of action or their ultimate metabolic fate. Thus, more simply stated, although sub lingual nitrates helped the patients, little was known concerning what these drugs do to the body or what the body does to the drugs. A substantial number of investigators have focused on these questions especially during the last two decades. We now have considerably more insight into the pathways of degradation of organic nitrates and the relationship of the metabolic processes to the biological action of these agents. Similarly, considerable effort has been expended in understanding the mechanism of action of these agents directly on vascular smooth muscle and on cardiac work and performance. Finally, there is a more substantive understanding of the physiology of the coronary circulation as well as the" pathophysiologic manifestations of myocardial disease.
