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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Dissertation sur la cause physique de la couleur des negres written by and published by . This book was released on 1741 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Justin Smith-Ruiu
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691176345
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)
Download or read book Nature, Human Nature, and Human Difference written by Justin Smith-Ruiu and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People have always been xenophobic, but an explicit philosophical and scientific view of human racial difference only began to emerge during the modern period. Why and how did this happen? Surveying a range of philosophical and natural-scientific texts, dating from the Spanish Renaissance to the German Enlightenment, Nature, Human Nature, and Human Difference charts the evolution of the modern concept of race and shows that natural philosophy, particularly efforts to taxonomize and to order nature, played a crucial role. Smith demonstrates how the denial of moral equality between Europeans and non-Europeans resulted from converging philosophical and scientific developments, including a declining belief in human nature's universality and the rise of biological classification. The racial typing of human beings grew from the need to understand humanity within an all-encompassing system of nature, alongside plants, minerals, primates, and other animals. While racial difference as seen through science did not arise in order to justify the enslavement of people, it became a rationalization and buttress for the practices of trans-Atlantic slavery. From the work of François Bernier to G. W. Leibniz, Immanuel Kant, and others, Smith delves into philosophy's part in the legacy and damages of modern racism. With a broad narrative stretching over two centuries, Nature, Human Nature, and Human Difference takes a critical historical look at how the racial categories that we divide ourselves into came into being.
Author : Devin J. Vartija
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812253191
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)
Download or read book The Color of Equality written by Devin J. Vartija and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2021-08-06 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enlightenment thinkers bequeathed a paradoxical legacy to the modern world: they expanded the purview of equality while simultaneously inventing the modern concept of race. The Color of Equality makes sense of this tension by demonstrating that the same Enlightenment impulse—the naturalization of humanity—underlay both of these trends.
Author : Andrew N. Wegmann
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
ISBN 13 : 0820368849
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (23 download)
Download or read book An American Color written by Andrew N. Wegmann and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2022-01-15 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Londa Schiebinger
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 1503602982
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (36 download)
Download or read book Secret Cures of Slaves written by Londa Schiebinger and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-18 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Engaging unique sources . . . Londa Schiebinger untangles the complex relationships between European and local physicians, healers, plants, and slavery.” —François Regourd, Université Paris Nanterre In the natural course of events, humans fall sick and die. The history of medicine bristles with attempts to find new and miraculous remedies, to work with and against nature to restore humans to health and well-being. In this book, Londa Schiebinger examines medicine and human experimentation in the Atlantic World, exploring the circulation of people, disease, plants, and knowledge between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. She traces the development of a colonial medical complex from the 1760s, when a robust experimental culture emerged in the British and French West Indies, to the early 1800s, when debates raged about banning the slave trade and, eventually, slavery itself. Massive mortality among enslaved Africans and European planters, soldiers, and sailors fueled the search for new healing techniques. Amerindian, African, and European knowledges competed to cure diseases emerging from the collision of peoples on newly established, often poorly supplied, plantations. But not all knowledge was equal. Highlighting the violence and fear endemic to colonial struggles, Schiebinger explores aspects of African medicine that were not put to the test, such as Obeah and vodou. This book analyzes how and why specific knowledges were blocked, discredited, or held secret. “In this urgent, probing and visually striking volume, Londa Schiebinger, one of the pioneers of feminist and colonial science studies, shifts our understanding of Enlightenment racial attitudes to the domain of the medical, making a vital contribution to the dynamic new wave of research on science and slavery in the Atlantic world.” —James Delbourgo, Rutgers University
Author : Tudor Parfitt
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190083344
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Hybrid Hate written by Tudor Parfitt and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-06 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid Hate is the first book to study the conflation of antisemitism and anti-Black racism. As objects of racism, Jews and Blacks have been linked together for centuries as peoples apart from the general run of humanity. In this book, Tudor Parfitt investigates the development of antisemitism, anti-Black racism, and race theory in the West from the Renaissance to the Second World War. Parfitt explains how Jews were often perceived as Black in medieval Europe, and the conflation of Jews and Blacks continued throughout the period of the Enlightenment. With the discovery of a community of Black Jews in Loango in West Africa in 1777, and later of Black Jews in India, the Middle East, and other parts of Africa, the notion of multiracial Jews was born. Over the following centuries, the figure of the hybrid Black Jew was drawn into the maelstrom of evolving theories about race hierarchies and taxonomies. Parfitt analyses how Jews and Blacks were increasingly conflated in a racist discourse from the mid-nineteenth century to the period of the Third Reich, as the two fundamental prejudices of the West were combined. Hybrid Hate offers a new interpretation of the rise of antisemitism and anti-Black racism in Europe, and casts light on contemporary racist discourses in the United States and Europe.
Author : Madeleine Dobie
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801476099
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (76 download)
Download or read book Trading Places written by Madeleine Dobie and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dobie explores the place of the colonial world in the culture of the French Enlightenment, tracing the displacement of colonial questions onto two familiar aspects of Enlightenment thought: Orientalism and fascination with Amerindian cultures.
Author : Claudio Pogliano
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004431888
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Brain and Race written by Claudio Pogliano and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the second half of the eighteenth century, generations of scientists persisted in studying the relationships between the volume, weight or shape of the human brain and the degree of ‘intelligence’. In Pogliano’s book, the thread of time drives the narrative up to the mid-twentieth century. It investigates the duration and changes of a game that was intrinsically political, although having to do with bones and nervous matter. Races made its main object, during a long period when Western culture believed the human species to be naturally partitioned into a number of discrete types, with their innate and hereditary traits. Never leading to irrefutable achievements, the polycentric (as well as visual) enterprise herein described is full of growing tensions, doubts, and disillusionment.
Author : Peter J Kitson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100074230X
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Slavery, Abolition and Emancipation Vol 8 written by Peter J Kitson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-23 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most writers associated with the first generation of British Romanticism - Blake, Coleridge, Wordsworth, Southey, Thelwall, and others - wrote against the slave trade. This edition collects a corpus of work which reflects the issues and theories concerning slavery and the status of the slave.
Author : Kathleen M. Brown
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 1512823287
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (128 download)
Download or read book Undoing Slavery written by Kathleen M. Brown and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2023-02 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Undoing Slavery excavates cultural, political, medical, and legal history to understand the abolitionist focus on the body on its own terms. Motivated by their conviction that the physical form of the human body was universal and faced with the growing racism of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century science, abolitionists in North America and Britain focused on undoing slavery's harm to the bodies of the enslaved. Their pragmatic focus on restoring the bodily integrity and wellbeing of enslaved people threw up many unexpected challenges. This book explores those challenges. Slavery exploited the bodies of men and women differently: enslaved women needed to be acknowledged as mothers rather than as reproducers of slave property, and enslaved men needed to claim full adult personhood without triggering white fears about their access to male privilege. Slavery's undoing became more fraught by the 1850s, moreover, as federal Fugitive Slave Law and racist medicine converged. The reach of the federal government across the borders of free states and theories about innate racial difference collapsed the distinctions between enslaved and emancipated people of African descent, making militant action necessary. Escaping to so-called "free" jurisdictions, refugees from slavery demonstrated that a person could leave the life of slavery behind. But leaving behind the enslaved body, the fleshy archive of trauma and injury, proved impossible. Bodies damaged by slavery needed urgent physical care as well as access to medical knowledge untainted by racist science. As the campaign to end slavery revealed, legal rights alone, while necessary, were not sufficient either to protect or heal the bodies of African-descended people from the consequences of slavery and racism.
Author : Ann Thomson
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9789004082731
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (827 download)
Download or read book Barbary and Enlightenment written by Ann Thomson and published by BRILL. This book was released on 1987 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, based on a wide range of eighteenth-century works, concerns European attitude towards North Africa in the century preceding the French conquest of Algiers in 1830. It studies the radical transformation of perceptions of Barbary during the period, essentially by placing them in the context of the different eighteenth-century systems of classification of the world. We see that uncertainty as to how to classify this region, its inhabitants, its form of government and social evolution - which led to its absence from most contemporary anthropological discussions - was resolved in the early nineteenth-century with the appearance of what were to become colonial stereotypes.
Author : Nicholas Hudson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350300047
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (53 download)
Download or read book A Cultural History of Race in the Reformation and Enlightenment written by Nicholas Hudson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-06-01 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The period between the 16th and 18th centuries witnessed the expansion of European travel, trade and colonization around the globe, resulting in greatly increased contact between Westerners and peoples throughout the rest of the world. With the rise of print and the commercial book market, Europeans avidly consumed reports of the outside world and its various peoples, often in distorted or fictional forms. With the consolidation of new empirical science and taxonomy, prejudice against peoples of different colours and cultures during the 16th and 17th centuries became more systematic, giving rise to the doctrines of race 'science.' Although humanitarianism and the idea of human rights also flourished, inspiring the campaign to abolish the slave trade, this movement did not hinder imperialist expansion and the belief that humans could be ranked in a hierarchy that authorized White domination. The essays in this volume trace the complex pattern of intellectual and cultural change from popular bigotry in the Age of Shakespeare to the racial categories developed in the works of Buffon and Kant. These essays also link changes in racial thinking to other trends during this age. The development of modern ideas of race corresponded with emerging conceptions of the nation state; new acceptance of religious diversity became linked with speculations on racial diversity; transforming ideologies of gender and sexuality overlapped in crucial ways with developing racial attitudes. In many ways, the period between the Reformation and Enlightenment laid the foundations for modern racial thinking, generating issues and conflicts that still haunt us today.
Author : Adrianna M. Paliyenko
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271079177
Total Pages : 614 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)
Download or read book Genius Envy written by Adrianna M. Paliyenko and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2017-07-07 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Genius Envy, Adrianna M. Paliyenko uncovers a forgotten history: the multiplicity and diversity of nineteenth-century French women’s poetic voices. Conservative critics of the time attributed the phenomenon of genius to masculinity and dismissed the work of female authors as “feminine literature.” Despite the efforts of leading thinkers, critics, and literary historians to erase women from the pages of literary history, Paliyenko shows how these female poets invigorated the debate about the origins of genius and garnered considerable recognition in their time for their creativity and bold aesthetic ideas. This fresh account of French women poets’ contributions to literature probes the history of their critical reception. The result is an encounter with the texts of celebrated writers such as Marceline Desbordes-Valmore, Anaïs Ségalas, Malvina Blanchecotte, Louisa Siefert, and Louise Ackermann. Glimpses at the different stages of each poet’s career show that these women explicitly challenged the notion of genius as gender specific, thus advocating for their rightful place in the canon. A prodigious contribution to studies of nineteenth-century French poetry, Paliyenko’s book reexamines the reception of poetry by women within and beyond its original context. This balanced and comprehensive treatment of their work uncovers the multiple ways in which women poets sought to define their place in history.
Author : Miriam Claude Meijer
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004456716
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Race and Aesthetics in the anthropology of Petrus Camper (1722-1789) written by Miriam Claude Meijer and published by BRILL. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the discovery of the anthropoid ape in Asia and in Africa, eighteenth-century Holland became the crossroads of Enlightenment debates about the human species. Material evidence about human diversity reached Petrus Camper, comparative anatomist in the Netherlands, who engaged, among many other interests, in menschkunde. Could only religious doctrine support the belief of human demarcation from animals? Camper resolved the challenges raised by overseas discoveries with his thesis of the facial angle, a theory which succeeding generations distorted and misused in order to justify slavery, racism, antisemitism, and genocide. Thanks to his abundant papers in Dutch archives, Camper's ideas are restored to their original state. Eighteenth-century issues differed from those of other centuries: Did orang-utans talk like humans, walk like humans; even rape humans? What was the skin pigmentation of Adam and Eve? Did the spectrum of human physiognomies around the globe reflect the Fall of Man, the Creator's bounty, or merely bizarre beauty practices? Why did the ideal beauty of the Greeks appear to be the reverse of the Hottentots? The book contains some 50 illustrations, including apes with hiking sticks or tea cups, metamorphoses of living forms, and Apollo or Venus icons which titillated the science of man.
Author : Elizabeth Kenney
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351813323
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)
Download or read book Race and Transatlantic Identities written by Elizabeth Kenney and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Race and Transatlantic Identities provides a rich overview of the complex relationship between the construction of race and transatlantic identity as expressed in a variety of cultural forms, refracted through different disciplinary and critical perspectives, and manifested at different historical moments. Spanning a period from the eighteenth to the twentieth century, the contributions provide a panorama of the wealth and variety of contemporary approaches to grappling with notions of race in a transatlantic context, raising questions about the permanence and fixity of racial boundaries. The volume, which focuses on the cultural sites where individuals construct and express their racial identities in the context of those boundaries, also explores strategies through which those boundaries are defined and redefined. The collection conducts this inquiry by juxtaposing essays on literature, history, visual arts, material culture, music, and dance in ways that encourage the reader to engage with concepts across traditional disciplinary boundaries. The articles in this book were originally published in the Journal of Transatlantic Studies.
Author : George Sebastian Rousseau
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780719030727
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)
Download or read book Enlightenment Crossings written by George Sebastian Rousseau and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James A. Steintrager
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231540876
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)
Download or read book The Autonomy of Pleasure written by James A. Steintrager and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2016-02-16 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What would happen if pleasure were made the organizing principle for social relations and sexual pleasure ruled over all? Radical French libertines experimented clandestinely with this idea during the Enlightenment. In explicit novels, dialogues, poems, and engravings, they wrenched pleasure free from religion and morality, from politics, aesthetics, anatomy, and finally reason itself, and imagined how such a world would be desirable, legitimate, rapturous—and potentially horrific. Laying out the logic and willful illogic of radical libertinage, this book ties the Enlightenment engagement with sexual license to the expansion of print, empiricism, the revival of skepticism, the fashionable arts and lifestyles of the Ancien Régime, and the rise and decline of absolutism. It examines the consequences of imagining sexual pleasure as sovereign power and a law unto itself across a range of topics, including sodomy, the science of sexual difference, political philosophy, aesthetics, and race. It also analyzes the roots of radical claims for pleasure in earlier licentious satire and their echoes in appeals for sexual liberation in the 1960s and beyond.
