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Dispersive Mixing In Polymer Processing
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Book Synopsis Mixing in Polymer Processing by : Chris Rauwendaal
Download or read book Mixing in Polymer Processing written by Chris Rauwendaal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-08-30 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Focusing on the principles of mixing and practical aspects of mixing technology used in the polymer processing industry, this book facilitates the selection of the most suitable mixing machinery for specific applications-emphasizing interactions between mixer geometry and resulting mixing action, identifying one mixer from another, and evaluating the mixing performance of each device. "
Book Synopsis Dispersive Mixing in Polymer Processing by : Ica Manas-Zloczower
Download or read book Dispersive Mixing in Polymer Processing written by Ica Manas-Zloczower and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mixing and Compounding of Polymers by : Ica Manas-Zloczower
Download or read book Mixing and Compounding of Polymers written by Ica Manas-Zloczower and published by Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH Co KG. This book was released on 2012-11-12 with total page 1184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finally available again in its second edition, this classic covers everything from the basic principles to the various practical applications of state-of-the-art mixing and compounding. Part I: Mechanisms and Theory Basic Concepts - Mixing of Miscible Fluids - Mixing of Immiscible Fluids - Dispersive Mixing of Solid Additives - Distributive Mixing - Distribution Functions and Measures of Mixing Part II: Mixing Equipment - Modeling, Simulation, Visualization Batch Equipment Simulation - Batch Equipment Visualization - Continuous Equipment Simulation - Dispersive Mixing Devices in Single Screw - Twin Rotor Mixers - Co-Kneader - Visualization - Scale-up of Mixing Equipment - Scale-down of Mixing Equipment Part III Material Consideration, Properties and Characterization Solid additives (inorganic) - Solid additives (organic) - Compatibilizers (mechanisms, theory) - Material Consideration for Mixing at Nanoscale - Effect of Mixing on Properties of Compounds - Effect of Mixing on Rubber Properties Part IV Mixing Practices Internal Mixers - Single Screw Extruders - Twin Screw Extruders - Intermeshing Twin Screw Extruders - Reciprocating Screws - Reactive Compounding - Farrel Continuous Mixer
Book Synopsis Introduction to Polymer Compounding by : Natamai Subramanian Muralisrinivasan
Download or read book Introduction to Polymer Compounding written by Natamai Subramanian Muralisrinivasan and published by Smithers Rapra. This book was released on 2015-08-27 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer compounding plays an important role in the successful use of polymers. It helps to extend the properties of polymers such as durability, stiffness or thermal resistance so that these properties can be incorporated into an improved end-product. Several thousand of compounds currently used incorporate additives such as antioxidants, fillers or lubricants. Innovation is an essential element in polymer compounding with respect to the manufacture of increasingly sophisticated products such as polymer blends and composites. This book gives an idea of the productive area of polymer compounding.Volume 2 focusses on manufacturing technology and processing and provides an overview of the basic and fundamental aspects of polymer compounding. This volume should interest students, scientists and engineers, and constitutes a reference text for the experimental polymer technologist.Written in a simple and accurate style this book can be understood even by the reader who is not familiar with polymer compounding. The book is also very informative and helps give an overall view of compounding. The figures are well organised with technical and economic considerations, as well as consideration of the problems associated with polymer compounding. Therefore, the book is distinctly quantitative in nature and designed to inspire a large audience of industrial and academic polymer scientists interested in the technology of polymer compounding.
Book Synopsis Polymer Mixing and Extrusion Technology by : NicholasP. Cheremisinoff
Download or read book Polymer Mixing and Extrusion Technology written by NicholasP. Cheremisinoff and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-02 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing the two major unit operations-mixing and extrusion-fundamental toprocessing elastomers and plastic materials, this reference summarizes design equationsthat can be employed effectively in scaling up product performance parameters, andcontains a thorough survey of rheological principles. In addition, the book provides awealth of practical information, relating molecular and compositional properties ofpolymers to processing characteristics and end-use properties so that engineers can selectpolymers suitable for specific equipment as well as products.Polymer Mixing and Extrusion Technology examines viscometric techniquesand demonstrates their importance to product quality assurance ... reviews design-relatedliterature/correlations and calculation procedures for mixing and extrusion ... definesneeds and precision standards for setting up a polymer processing laboratory so thatproduct quality control can be implemented in physical testing and processing research.. . plus more.Illustrated with over 200 diagrams, tables, and photographs that facilitate readers'understanding of the processes, Polymer Mixing and Extrusion Technology isan authoritative source for plastics, polymer, and chemical engineers, manufacturers ofplastics processing equipment, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in thesedisciplines.
Book Synopsis Principles of Polymer Processing by : Zehev Tadmor
Download or read book Principles of Polymer Processing written by Zehev Tadmor and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-12-02 with total page 1004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly revised edition of the classic text on polymer processing The Second Edition brings the classic text on polymer processing thoroughly up to date with the latest fundamental developments in polymer processing, while retaining the critically acclaimed approach of the First Edition. Readers are provided with the complete panorama of polymer processing, starting with fundamental concepts through the latest current industry practices and future directions. All the chapters have been revised and updated, and four new chapters have been added to introduce the latest developments. Readers familiar with the First Edition will discover a host of new material, including: * Blend and alloy microstructuring * Twin screw-based melting and chaotic mixing mechanisms * Reactive processing * Devolatilization--theory, mechanisms, and industrial practice * Compounding--theory and industrial practice * The increasingly important role of computational fluid mechanics * A systematic approach to machine configuration design The Second Edition expands on the unique approach that distinguishes it from comparative texts. Rather than focus on specific processing methods, the authors assert that polymers have a similar experience in any processing machine and that these experiences can be described by a set of elementary processing steps that prepare the polymer for any of the shaping methods. On the other hand, the authors do emphasize the unique features of particular polymer processing methods and machines, including the particular elementary step and shaping mechanisms and geometrical solutions. Replete with problem sets and a solutions manual for instructors, this textbook is recommended for undergraduate and graduate students in chemical engineering and polymer and materials engineering and science. It will also prove invaluable for industry professionals as a fundamental polymer processing analysis and synthesis reference.
Book Synopsis Screw Extrusion by : James Lindsay White
Download or read book Screw Extrusion written by James Lindsay White and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Screw extruders are the most important of all polymer processing machines There is a need for a comprehensive book on this subject. This book emphazises the understanding of the underlaying principles of screw extrusion, the design and behavior of screw based machines. It helps the enineer t optimize his equipment and enhance production rates. Contents: · Introduction · Fundamentals · Screw Extrusion Technology · Technology of Single Screw Extrusion with Reciprocating Screws · Single Screw Extruder Analysis and Design · Twin and Multiscrew Extrusion
Book Synopsis Extensional Flows in Polymer Processing by : Sidney O Carson
Download or read book Extensional Flows in Polymer Processing written by Sidney O Carson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on the study of the presence of extensional flows in common plastics processing operations, mainly in twin-screw extrusion. Twin-screw extruders are one of the most commonly used pieces when a mixing task for polymer processing is presented, and as such there is much interest in the investigation of its overall mixing capabilities. Shear flows have been proven time and again to be inferior in mixing efficiency when compared to extensional flows. Kneading blocks (KB) make up the majority of the mixing profile of a typical twin-screw extruder screw, and while there are extensional flow component present in their mixing operations, the main mixing mechanism in these elements is still shear dominated. Considering this, the Extensional Mixing Elements (EME) for twin-screw extrusion were developed for the purposes of imposing extension dominated flow during twin-screw extrusion and therefore increase the mixing capabilities of current mixing and processing equipment. The EME was designed as a static element that interfaces directly with the screw shaft of a twin-screw extruder, being built in a screw configuration like a standard element. It achieves mixing by forcing flowing material through channels around the diameter of each element that are designed as hyperbolic contractions, which impart extension dominated flow along their centerline. Computational investigations of the velocity profiles through each of the contractions at typical operating conditions suggest the presence of these extensional flows with measurable and predictable strain rates. The first experimental validation of the EME was performed by compounding incompatible polypropylene/polystyrene blends (PP/PS) and comparing with the same blends produced through a standard KB configuration. Four viscosity ratios were investigated (0.3, 1, 3, and 10) and the resulting morphologies were characterized using SEM and image analysis. Statistically, the EME proved to be the superior dispersive mixing device when considering the measured droplet sizes over all viscosity ratios. This was extended further to the compounding of polymer-solid filler composites using carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanosheets. These composites were characterized using optical microscopy to probe micro-level dispersion followed by rheology and electrical resistivity measures to probe nano-level dispersion. At the micro-level (investigating agglomerate sizes), the EME outperformed the chosen KB configuration by a large margin; however, at the nano-level, there does not seem to be any improvements in property enhancement or individualization of filler particles with the two geometries. More computational investigations of more extreme contraction geometries were undertaken to determine the limits of design flexibility for the EME. The mixing profiles (degree of shear vs. extensional flow, overall stress level) of these geometries were also compared with a KB configuration. All contractions showed more extension dominated flow patterns when compared to the KB, with more extreme contractions also matching the average stress level seen in operation. Increasing the contraction intensity predictably increased the extensional profile of the contractions, but balance with the required pressure in operation had to be considered as well. Finally, the presence of extensional flows in injection molding and their influence on final part properties was investigated as an extension of the consideration of flow type in practical processing operations. Polycarbonate/carbon nanotube composites were molded into shear dominated parts (plaques) and two different hyperbolic contractions and their electrical resistivity was measured. Highly extension dominated flow decreased the resistivity of the resulting composites, indicating that part design and flow type in injection molding play a role in the development of important composite properties.
Book Synopsis Polymer Mixing Technology by : George Matthews
Download or read book Polymer Mixing Technology written by George Matthews and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluating Mixing of Polymers in Complex Systems Using the Boundary Integral Method by : Paul Joseph Gramann
Download or read book Evaluating Mixing of Polymers in Complex Systems Using the Boundary Integral Method written by Paul Joseph Gramann and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Solid-State Shear Pulverization by : Klementina Khait
Download or read book Solid-State Shear Pulverization written by Klementina Khait and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-04-30 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Preface This book is the first extended look at a new and multifaceted polymer processing technology that has already been discussed in numerous articles. Called Solid-State Shear Pulverization (S3P), this innovative process produces polymeric powders with unique physical properties not found in the output of conventional size-reduction methods.... This technology, which utilizes a pulverizer based on a modified co-rotating twin-screw extruder..., has profound implications for both the creation of new polymer blends and recycling of plastic and rubber waste. Unlike [earlier processes] where polymers are melted prior to pulverization, ...pulverizing mixtures of polymers with the S3P process...does not involve melting. By contrast, S3P maintains polymers in the solid state and avoids the additional heat history that occurs during [other processes], which can be detrimental to the physical properties of pulverized materials. The research and development of the S3P technology...has grown significantly since 1990 from the development of a new plastics recycling process to a much broader polymer processing method that allows intimate mixing of polymers with very different viscosities, sold-state dispersion of additives, including pigments, and continuous production of powder with unique shapes and larger surface areas. Polymeric powders are of growing importance to plastics processors due to the increase use of plastics in various applications, such as rotational molding, powder coatings, and compounding, which require powder as the feedstock. ...[I]t has become clear that this process allows for in-situ compatibilization of dissimilar polymers by applying mechanical energy to cause chemical reactions. This aspect of S3P technology that we describe in this book should [be useful in] developing new polymer blends with the use of pre-made compatibilizing agents. In addition, it has been discovered that S3P efficiently mixes polymer blends with different component viscosities, resulting in the elimination of phase inversion. The S3P process directly produces blends with matrix and dispersed phase morphology like those obtained after phase inversion during a long melt-mixing process. This phenomenon is of practical importance because a long processing time is required by conventional melt-mixing to produce a stable blend morphology. S3P is also advantageous for producing thermoplastic or thermoset powder-coating compounds in a one-step process as opposed to a conventional multi-step operation that involves melt extrusion followed by batch grinding. The major capabilities of this new process can be summarized as follows: o Continuous powder production from plastics or rubber feedstocks o Blending of immiscible polymers o Efficient mixing of polymers with unmatched viscosities o Environmentally friendly recycling of multicolored, commingled plastics waste o Sold-state dispersion of heat-sensitive additives o Engineered plastic/rubber blends Materials and processes well illustrated The text is well illustrated with 60 photographs, micrographs, diagrams and others figures. Here is a small sampling of the captions of these figures. o Particle-size distribution for virgin LDPE powder made with PT-25 pulverizer o Optical photograph of virgin LDPE powder made with PT-25 pulverizer o Layout for a three-stage rubber pulverizer o Flow chart for powder coating production by conventional process and with new S3P technology o SEM image of pulverized virgin PP at 40X (first in series of SEM images of polymer powders) o Optical micrograph of melt-crystallized thin films of unpulverized virgin PP under polarized light o Log of viscosity vs. log shear rate for virgin HDPE after S3P processing o Gel permeation chromatograms (GPC) of polystyrene subjected to S3P processing Color-photo section One of the several functions of Solid-State Shear Pulverization technology is recycling mixed plastic waste. This section of twenty full-color photographs and micrographs illustrates different processed materials, as well as the machinery and mixed waste used. Here is a small sampling of the photo and micrograph captions. o Resultant flake feedstock from granulation o S3P-made uniform powder from feedstock o Flake feedstock of post-consumer HDPE/PP blend (90/10 ratio) o Injection-molded test bar (with translucence) made from S3P powder without pelletization o Injection-molded test bar made from S3P powder without pelletization showing uniform color o Several test bars subjected to tensile testing showing exceptionally high elongation at break Useful reference data in tables More than 60 tables provide useful data in convenient form. Here is a small sampling of table captions. o Physical properties of virgin PP 8020 GU injection-molded from S3P-made powder (first in series of tables on physical properties of various plastics processed from S3P-made powder) o Sieve analysis of powder resulting from S3P of virgin LDPE 509.48 (one of series of tables on sieve analysis of polymer powders) o Melt-flow rate before and after S3P processing for virgin PS and two PP samples o Key physical properties of injection-molded post-consumer polyolefin blends pulverized by S3P process The Authors Klementina Khait, M.S. Ch.E., Ph.D., is Research Associate Professor and Director of the Polymer Technology Center in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University. Her industrial experience in polymer science and engineering includes work with Borg-Warner Chemicals and Quantum Chemical Corporation. She received her two advanced degrees, in chemical engineering and polymer chemistry, from the Technological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia. Dr. Khait holds several patents and has published more than 50 papers in scientific and technical journals. Stephen Carr, Ph.D., is Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering at Northwestern University. His industrial work includes work in polymer science and engineering with General Motors Corp. He received a doctorate in polymer science from Case Western Reserve University. He has been on the Northwestern University faculty since 1969. Martin H. Mack is Vice President for R&D with the Berstorff Division of Krauss-Maffei Corporation. He holds an engineering degree from the University of Stuttgart. He has served for more than ten years on the Board of Directors of the Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE).
Book Synopsis Advances in Polymer Processing by : S Thomas
Download or read book Advances in Polymer Processing written by S Thomas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-05-30 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Processing techniques are critical to the performance of polymer products which are used in a wide range of industries. Advances in polymer processing: From macro- to nano- scales reviews the latest advances in polymer processing, techniques and materials.Part one reviews the fundamentals of polymer processing with chapters on rheology, materials and polymer extrusion. Part two then discusses advances in moulding technology with chapters on such topics as compression, rotational and blow moulding of polymers. Chapters in Part three review alternative processing technologies such as calendaring and coating, foam processing and radiation processing of polymers. Part four discusses micro and nano-technologies with coverage of themes such as processing of macro, micro and nanocomposites and processing of carbon nanotubes. The final section of the book addresses post-processing technologies with chapters on online monitoring and computer modelling as well as joining, machining, finishing and decorating of polymers.With is distinguished editors and team of international contributors, Advances in polymer processing: From macro- to nano- scales is an invaluable reference for engineers and academics concerned with polymer processing. - Reviews the latest advances in polymer processing, techniques and materials analysing new challenges and opportunities - Discusses the fundamentals of polymer processing considering the compounding and mixing of polymers as well as extrusion - Assesses alternative processing technologies including calendaring and coating and thermoforming of polymers
Book Synopsis Polymer Processing by : Donald G. Baird
Download or read book Polymer Processing written by Donald G. Baird and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-03-24 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental concepts coupled with practical, step-by-step guidance With its emphasis on core principles, this text equips readers with the skills and knowledge to design the many processes needed to safely and successfully manufacture thermoplastic parts. The first half of the text sets forth the general theory and concepts underlying polymer processing, such as the viscoelastic response of polymeric fluids and diffusion and mass transfer. Next, the text explores specific practical aspects of polymer processing, including mixing, extrusion dies, and post-die processing. By addressing a broad range of design issues and methods, the authors demonstrate how to solve most common processing problems. This Second Edition of the highly acclaimed Polymer Processing has been thoroughly updated to reflect current polymer processing issues and practices. New areas of coverage include: Micro-injection molding to produce objects weighing a fraction of a gram, such as miniature gears and biomedical devices New chapter dedicated to the recycling of thermoplastics and the processing of renewable polymers Life-cycle assessment, a systematic method for determining whether recycling is appropriate and which form of recycling is optimal Rheology of polymers containing fibers Chapters feature problem sets, enabling readers to assess and reinforce their knowledge as they progress through the text. There are also special design problems throughout the text that reflect real-world polymer processing issues. A companion website features numerical subroutines as well as guidance for using MATLAB®, IMSL®, and Excel to solve the sample problems from the text. By providing both underlying theory and practical step-by-step guidance, Polymer Processing is recommended for students in chemical, mechanical, materials, and polymer engineering.
Book Synopsis Compounding in Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruders by : Yeh Wang
Download or read book Compounding in Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruders written by Yeh Wang and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the geometric structure of modular extruders, development of the various units of an extruder and their functions, the flow mechanisms and models of their behaviour and experimental studies of extruder performance and applications. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database gives useful references for further reading.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Applied Polymer Processing Technology by : Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff
Download or read book Handbook of Applied Polymer Processing Technology written by Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-10-07 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Offers detailed coverage of applied polymer processing--presenting a wide range of technologies and furnishing state-of-the-art data on polymer components, properties, and processibility. Reviews fundamental rheological concepts. Contains over 1600 bibliographic citations, some 450 equations, and over 400 tables, drawings, and photographs."
Book Synopsis Understanding Polymer Processing by : Tim A. Osswald
Download or read book Understanding Polymer Processing written by Tim A. Osswald and published by Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH Co KG. This book was released on 2018-01-16 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the background needed to understand not only the wide field of polymer processing, but also the emerging technologies associated with the plastics industry in the 21st Century. It combines practical engineering concepts with modeling of realistic polymer processes. Divided into three sections, it provides the reader with a solid knowledge base in polymer materials, polymer processing, and modeling. "Understanding Polymer Processing" is intended for the person who is entering the plastics manufacturing industry and as a textbook for students taking an introductory course in polymer processing. It also serves as a guide to the practicing engineer when choosing a process, determining important parameters and factors during the early stages of process design, and when optimizing such a process. Practical examples illustrating basic concepts are presented throughout the book. New in the second edition is a chapter on additive manufacturing, together with associated examples, as well as improvements and corrections throughout the book. Contents: o Part I - Polymeric Materials This section gives a general introduction to polymers, including mechanical behavior of polymers and melt rheology o Part II Polymer Processing The major polymer processes are introduced in this section, including extrusion, mixing, injection molding, thermoforming, blow molding, film blowing, and many others. o Part III Modeling This last section delivers the tools to allow the engineer to solve back-of-the-envelope polymer processing models. It includes dimensional analysis and scaling, transport phenomena in polymer processing, and modeling polymer processes
Book Synopsis Polymer Processing by : Donald G. Baird
Download or read book Polymer Processing written by Donald G. Baird and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-03-10 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental concepts coupled with practical, step-by-step guidance With its emphasis on core principles, this text equips readers with the skills and knowledge to design the many processes needed to safely and successfully manufacture thermoplastic parts. The first half of the text sets forth the general theory and concepts underlying polymer processing, such as the viscoelastic response of polymeric fluids and diffusion and mass transfer. Next, the text explores specific practical aspects of polymer processing, including mixing, extrusion dies, and post-die processing. By addressing a broad range of design issues and methods, the authors demonstrate how to solve most common processing problems. This Second Edition of the highly acclaimed Polymer Processing has been thoroughly updated to reflect current polymer processing issues and practices. New areas of coverage include: Micro-injection molding to produce objects weighing a fraction of a gram, such as miniature gears and biomedical devices New chapter dedicated to the recycling of thermoplastics and the processing of renewable polymers Life-cycle assessment, a systematic method for determining whether recycling is appropriate and which form of recycling is optimal Rheology of polymers containing fibers Chapters feature problem sets, enabling readers to assess and reinforce their knowledge as they progress through the text. There are also special design problems throughout the text that reflect real-world polymer processing issues. A companion website features numerical subroutines as well as guidance for using MATLAB®, IMSL®, and Excel to solve the sample problems from the text. By providing both underlying theory and practical step-by-step guidance, Polymer Processing is recommended for students in chemical, mechanical, materials, and polymer engineering.
