Dispersal Diversity Relationships And Ecosystem Functioning In Pond Metacommunities

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Dispersal-diversity Relationships and Ecosystem Functioning in Pond Metacommunities

Author : Jennifer Gail Howeth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis Dispersal-diversity Relationships and Ecosystem Functioning in Pond Metacommunities by : Jennifer Gail Howeth

Download or read book Dispersal-diversity Relationships and Ecosystem Functioning in Pond Metacommunities written by Jennifer Gail Howeth and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insights gained from metapopulation and metacommunity biology indicate that the connectivity of subpopulations and communities by species dispersal can profoundly impact population dynamics, community structure, and ecosystem attributes. Recent advancements in metacommunity theory further suggest that the rate of species dispersal among local communities can be important in altering local and regional species richness and ecosystem functioning. The role of species dispersal rates relative to patch-type heterogeneity and associated intrinsic community structuring mechanisms (competition, predation) in affecting diversity of multi-trophic communities, however, remains unknown. Here, I address the relative influence of regional and local processes in altering species richness and ecosystem functioning at multiple spatial scales in freshwater pond metacommunities. In a series of experiments, I employed pond mesocosm metacommunities to manipulate planktonic species dispersal rates and the incidence of top predators which differed in prey selectivity. The consequences of dispersal and predation to zooplankton species richness, trophic structure, ecosystem stability, and prey traits were evaluated. Generally, my findings support predictions from metacommunity models, and demonstrate that dispersal strongly affects community and ecosystem-level properties. In accord with dispersal-diversity theory, dispersal rate affected species richness and ecosystem stability at multiple spatial scales. The presence, but not the rate, of dispersal had strong effects on the partitioning of biomass amongst producers, grazers, and top predators. The relative influence of predation on local and metacommunity structure varied across experiments and largely depended upon predator identity and the degree of feeding specialization. The research presented herein is some of the first work to evaluate how species dispersal rates can affect dispersal-diversity relationships, diversity-stability relationships, trophic structure, and the distribution of prey traits in metacommunities. In addition to advancing ecological theory, the results have important implications for conservation as fragmented landscapes become increasingly prevalent, and local and regional biotas modified. Ultimately, it proves critical to identify drivers of local and regional species richness in order to maintain biotic integrity at the global scale.

Metacommunity Ecology, Volume 59

Author : Mathew A. Leibold
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691049165
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Metacommunity Ecology, Volume 59 by : Mathew A. Leibold

Download or read book Metacommunity Ecology, Volume 59 written by Mathew A. Leibold and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metacommunity ecology links smaller-scale processes that have been the provenance of population and community ecology—such as birth-death processes, species interactions, selection, and stochasticity—with larger-scale issues such as dispersal and habitat heterogeneity. Until now, the field has focused on evaluating the relative importance of distinct processes, with niche-based environmental sorting on one side and neutral-based ecological drift and dispersal limitation on the other. This book moves beyond these artificial categorizations, showing how environmental sorting, dispersal, ecological drift, and other processes influence metacommunity structure simultaneously. Mathew Leibold and Jonathan Chase argue that the relative importance of these processes depends on the characteristics of the organisms, the strengths and types of their interactions, the degree of habitat heterogeneity, the rates of dispersal, and the scale at which the system is observed. Using this synthetic perspective, they explore metacommunity patterns in time and space, including patterns of coexistence, distribution, and diversity. Leibold and Chase demonstrate how these processes and patterns are altered by micro- and macroevolution, traits and phylogenetic relationships, and food web interactions. They then use this scale-explicit perspective to illustrate how metacommunity processes are essential for understanding macroecological and biogeographical patterns as well as ecosystem-level processes. Moving seamlessly across scales and subdisciplines, Metacommunity Ecology is an invaluable reference, one that offers a more integrated approach to ecological patterns and processes.

The Structure and Functioning of Metacommunities in Changing Environments

Author : Patrick Thompson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (948 download)

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Book Synopsis The Structure and Functioning of Metacommunities in Changing Environments by : Patrick Thompson

Download or read book The Structure and Functioning of Metacommunities in Changing Environments written by Patrick Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Landscape fragmentation limits the ability of species to disperse between habitats and shift their distributions in response to changing environmental conditions. Because of habitat fragmentation, many species will be unable to keep pace with climate change, and this is expected to greatly impact the diversity, functioning, and stability of future ecosystems. Conserving habitat connectivity is expected to mitigate some of these impacts. But there are also concerns that the complexity of ecological responses will compromise our ability to predict future community structure and functioning. The spatial insurance hypothesis extends connectivity science to show how dispersal between local habitats maintains biodiversity and ecosystem functioning when environmental conditions are changing. However, complex issues remain, such as whether dispersal can simultaneously provide stability for the full range of ecosystem functions produced by a community, and how regional climate warming will impact the strength of spatial insurance provided by biological diversity.In this thesis, I extend research on the spatial insurance hypothesis with a combination of field surveys, experimentation, and theoretical simulations. I first conducted a field survey to determine how the composition and function of pond zooplankton communities was structured by the local environmental conditions of ponds on Mont St. Hilaire, QC. I found that measures of zooplankton functional and phylogenetic diversity outperformed species richness in explaining variation in two types of zooplankton ecosystem functions. Furthermore, the composition of these communities was determined by the local environmental conditions in the ponds, suggesting that dispersal could potentially provide spatial insurance if these conditions were to change. I then tested this experimentally, asking whether dispersal could preserve diversity and provide stability to metacommunities under ambient and warmed conditions. I found that dispersal preserved biodiversity and stabilized metacommunity biomass in ambient conditions, but that this benefit was lost with warming. This suggests that the stabilizing effects of dispersal may be eroded by directional environmental change, such as climate warming. I then returned to the spatial insurance model, extending the theory by incorporating multiple ecosystem functions. I showed that changing the rate at which species disperse dramatically alters the number, identity, and stability of functions that are produced both locally and regionally. Intermediate dispersal rates result in the greatest simultaneous production of functions across spatial scales and stabilize the temporal production of each function at the regional scale. However, this results in great local variability of each function, which differs from the stabilizing effect previously reported when only one function is considered. Finally, I used a theoretical simulation to test how biotic interactions and the rate of species dispersal interact to affect the predictability of multispecies range shifts under directional climate change. I showed how biotic interactions result in differences in the ability of species to track changes in climate, resulting in novel and unpredictable community compositions. Yet, when dispersal rates are not limiting, these differences are minimized and species track changes in climate at the same speed as their neighbours, leading to predictable range shifts.As a whole, my thesis tests and extends the spatial insurance hypothesis, demonstrating the conditions under which dispersal maintains the composition, functioning, stability, and predictability of ecological communities. These findings give support to the strategy of managing landscapes to maintain connectivity as a way to mitigate the joint impacts of habitat fragmentation and climate change." --

Influence of Succession on Fish Assemblages in Pond Metacommunities

Author : Charles Olinger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 77 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Influence of Succession on Fish Assemblages in Pond Metacommunities by : Charles Olinger

Download or read book Influence of Succession on Fish Assemblages in Pond Metacommunities written by Charles Olinger and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metacommunity ecology focuses on the influence of regional and local processes structuring sets of communities, and theory predicts that the relative importance of those processes will change over time since initiation of community assembly. Determining the effects of regional and local processes on species and trait diversity over succession in metacommunities remains largely unaddressed to date, yet could confer an improved mechanistic understanding of community assembly. To test theoretical predictions of the increasing importance of local processes over succession in metacommunities, we evaluated fish species and functional trait diversity and dispersion in three pond metacommunities undergoing succession from beaver (Castor canadensis) disturbance. Additionally, processes influencing taxonomic and functional diversity in pond communities were contrasted with reference stream communities. The beaver modified habitats exhibited different environmental conditions by successional stage. Pond area and maximum water depth significantly increased with the number of years since pond formation. Further, ponds were deeper and warmer than streams. Species and functional richness was greater, and beta diversity was lower, in ponds than in streams. Diversity measures among pond age classes differed less than between ponds and streams, but indicated a decline in species and functional diversity and reduced community turnover later in succession. There was no influence of habitat type on functional dispersion. The analyses of the relative importance of regional and local processes over succession suggest that habitat age and dispersal were more important than local processes in structuring fish assemblages in pond metacommunities. The relative contributions were metacommunity and temporal scale-dependent as habitat age effects were only dominant in the longest chronosequence represented in the region. Counter to predictions, local environmental processes became less important in structuring pond communities over later successional stages but did exert a stronger effect on trait sorting in older ponds. In contrast to the temporal and spatial effects operating in the successional pond metacommunity mosaics, local processes primarily structured species and trait diversity in the streams. Together, the results of this study highlight that community and, subsequently, metacommunity structure can be shaped by succession mediated shifts among regional and local structuring processes in landscapes experiencing locally heterogeneous disturbance.

Metacommunity Spatio-Temporal Dynamics: Conservation and Management Implications

Author : Pedro Giovâni Da Silva
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889667804
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Metacommunity Spatio-Temporal Dynamics: Conservation and Management Implications by : Pedro Giovâni Da Silva

Download or read book Metacommunity Spatio-Temporal Dynamics: Conservation and Management Implications written by Pedro Giovâni Da Silva and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-05-18 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Metacommunities

Author : Marcel Holyoak
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226350649
Total Pages : 527 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

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Book Synopsis Metacommunities by : Marcel Holyoak

Download or read book Metacommunities written by Marcel Holyoak and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2005-10 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Takes the hallmarks of metapopulation theory to the next level by considering a group of communities, each of which may contain numerous populations, connected by species interactions within communities and the movement of individuals between communities. This book seeks to understand how communities work in fragmented landscapes.

Ecosystem Services: From Biodiversity to Society, Part 1

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128039337
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecosystem Services: From Biodiversity to Society, Part 1 by :

Download or read book Ecosystem Services: From Biodiversity to Society, Part 1 written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-12-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Ecological Research is one of the most successful series in the highly competitive field of ecology. Each volume publishes topical and important reviews, interpreting ecology as widely as in the past, to include all material that contributes to our understanding of the field. Topics in this invaluable series include the physiology, populations, and communities of plants and animals, as well as landscape and ecosystem ecology. Presents the most updated information on the field of ecology, publishing topical and important reviews Provides all information that relates to a thorough understanding of the field Includes data on physiology, populations, and communities of plants and animals New ideas on ES Integrative approach working across a variety of levels of biological organization and spatial and temporal scales Diversity of relevant subjects covered

Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning

Author : Martin Solan
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191637394
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning by : Martin Solan

Download or read book Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning written by Martin Solan and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-07-19 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biological composition and richness of most of the Earth's major ecosystems are being dramatically and irreversibly transformed by anthropogenic activity. Yet, despite the vast areal extent of our oceans, the mainstay of research to-date in the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning arena has been weighted towards ecological observations and experimentation in terrestrial plant and soil systems. This book provides a framework for extending these concepts to a variety of marine systems. Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning is the first book to address the latest advances in biodiversity-function science using marine examples. It brings together contributions from the leading scientists in the field to provide an in-depth evaluation of the science, before offering a perspective on future research directions for some of the most pressing environmental issues facing society today and in the future.

The Shrinking World

Author : Ilkka Hanski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Shrinking World by : Ilkka Hanski

Download or read book The Shrinking World written by Ilkka Hanski and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Mechanisms Underlying the Relationship Between Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0081029136
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms Underlying the Relationship Between Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function by :

Download or read book Mechanisms Underlying the Relationship Between Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-10-12 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Ecological Research, Volume 61, the latest release in this ongoing series includes specific chapters on the Mechanistic links between biodiversity and ecosystem function, A multitrophic, eco-evolutionary perspective on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research, Linking species coexistence to ecosystem functioning - a conceptual framework from ecological first principles, Species contributions to above and below ground biodiversity effects in the Trait-Based Experiment, Plant diversity effects on element cycling, Plant diversity effects on consumer community structure, stability, and ecosystem function, Plant community assembly and the consequences for ecosystem function, and more. Provides information that relates to a thorough understanding of the field of ecology Deals with topical and important reviews on the physiologies, populations and communities of plants and animals

Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams

Author : Thibault Datry
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128039043
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams by : Thibault Datry

Download or read book Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams written by Thibault Datry and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams: Ecology and Management takes an internationally broad approach, seeking to compare and contrast findings across multiple continents, climates, flow regimes, and land uses to provide a complete and integrated perspective on the ecology of these ecosystems. Coupled with this, users will find a discussion of management approaches applicable in different regions that are illustrated with relevant case studies. In a readable and technically accurate style, the book utilizes logically framed chapters authored by experts in the field, allowing managers and policymakers to readily grasp ecological concepts and their application to specific situations. Provides up-to-date reviews of research findings and management strategies using international examples Explores themes and parallels across diverse sub-disciplines in ecology and water resource management utilizing a multidisciplinary and integrative approach Reveals the relevance of this scientific understanding to managers and policymakers

The Influence of Metacommunity Size on Species Diversity Across Spatial Scales

Author : Lauren Michelle Woods
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis The Influence of Metacommunity Size on Species Diversity Across Spatial Scales by : Lauren Michelle Woods

Download or read book The Influence of Metacommunity Size on Species Diversity Across Spatial Scales written by Lauren Michelle Woods and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation explores the influence of metacommunity size and landscape level processes, such as dispersal, on species diversity. A metacommunity is a group of local communities, or patches, connected by dispersal, and metacommunity size can be defined as the number of discrete local patches within a metacommunity. In chapter 1, I developed a framework to predict the effects of habitat destruction, or a reduction in metacommunity size, on the species richness of local patches of different sizes by integrating metacommunity theory with the equilibrium theory of island biogeography. The effect of metacommunity size on species richness in small and large patches within a metacommunity depends on whether immigration rates or extinction rates are more affected by metacommunity size. Immigration effects result in a lower turnover in species between small and large patches with increasing metacommunity size, while extinction effects cause a higher turnover in species between small and large patches with increasing metacommunity size. The results of this model have implications for the effect of habitat destruction, or a reduction in metacommunity size, on species richness in both small and large patches within a metacommunity. In Chapter 2, I examined the effect of metacommunity size on species richness at local and regional spatial scales using a field survey of zooplankton species in replicate pond metacommunities. I found that metacommunity size has scale-dependent effects on zooplankton species richness. As the number of ponds in a metacommunity increase, the species richness of local ponds increases, but there is no change in richness at the regional spatial scale due to decreases in the turnover of species among communities. The results of this study provide one of the first examples of species richness patterns changing with metacommunity size in a non-experimental system. In Chapter 3, I conducted an experiment investigating the effect of a natural drought disturbance on species richness in aquatic plant communities, and the importance of dispersal for the recovery of species richness. I found that local species richness decreased in response to drought, and communities became more similar in their species composition. Species richness in communities with increased amounts of dispersal recovered to their pre drought conditions, suggesting that even low amounts of species dispersal can facilitate the recovery of species richness in aquatic plant communities. In summary, this dissertation demonstrates that metacommunity size can affect species diversity, and highlights the importance of considering how landscape processes, such as dispersal, can influence the recovery and maintenance of species diversity.

From Metacommunity to Metaecosystem

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (935 download)

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Book Synopsis From Metacommunity to Metaecosystem by :

Download or read book From Metacommunity to Metaecosystem written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Encyclopedia of Ecology

Author : Brian D. Fath
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444641300
Total Pages : 2786 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Ecology by : Brian D. Fath

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Ecology written by Brian D. Fath and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-08-23 with total page 2786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Ecology, Second Edition, Four Volume Set continues the acclaimed work of the previous edition published in 2008. It covers all scales of biological organization, from organisms, to populations, to communities and ecosystems. Laboratory, field, simulation modelling, and theoretical approaches are presented to show how living systems sustain structure and function in space and time. New areas of focus include micro- and macro scales, molecular and genetic ecology, and global ecology (e.g., climate change, earth transformations, ecosystem services, and the food-water-energy nexus) are included. In addition, new, international experts in ecology contribute on a variety of topics. Offers the most broad-ranging and comprehensive resource available in the field of ecology Provides foundational content and suggests further reading Incorporates the expertise of over 500 outstanding investigators in the field of ecology, including top young scientists with both research and teaching experience Includes multimedia resources, such as an Interactive Map Viewer and links to a CSDMS (Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System), an open-source platform for modelers to share and link models dealing with earth system processes

River Networks as Ecological Corridors

Author : Andrea Rinaldo
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108477828
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis River Networks as Ecological Corridors by : Andrea Rinaldo

Download or read book River Networks as Ecological Corridors written by Andrea Rinaldo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-22 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A summary of state-of-the-art research on how the river environment impacts biodiversity, species invasions, population dynamics, and the spread of waterborne disease. Blending laboratory, field and theoretical studies, it is the go-to reference for graduate students and researchers in river ecology, hydrology, and epidemiology.

The Role of Biological Diversity for the Functioning and Stability of Pond Ecosystems

Author : Amy Lynn Downing
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (483 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Biological Diversity for the Functioning and Stability of Pond Ecosystems by : Amy Lynn Downing

Download or read book The Role of Biological Diversity for the Functioning and Stability of Pond Ecosystems written by Amy Lynn Downing and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Explaining Species Diversity by Linking Local and Large Scale Processes

Author : Marc William Cadotte
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (718 download)

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Book Synopsis Explaining Species Diversity by Linking Local and Large Scale Processes by : Marc William Cadotte

Download or read book Explaining Species Diversity by Linking Local and Large Scale Processes written by Marc William Cadotte and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large-scale processes are known to be important for patterns of species richness, yet the ways in which local and larger scale processes interact is not clear. I first examined published experiments that manipulated dispersal among local communities using metaanalyses. I show that local communities often readily increase diversity, but that there may be declines at larger spatial scales. I then used metacommunities consisting of microbial aquatic communities to examine how processes at different scales affect local and metacommunity richness. Specifically, I manipulated the potential dispersal rate, whether dispersal was localized or global, and variation in initial community composition. I showed that a low dispersal rate and intermediate distance dispersal enhanced local richness. Initial assembly variation had no effect on local richness, while a lack of dispersal or global dispersal reduced local richness. I also show that predation undoes any diversity increases associated with dispersal. At the metacommunity scale, richness was enhanced throughout the time course of the experiment by initial compositional variation and was reduced by high or global dispersal. Also predation identically structured local communities, and thus reveals large impacts at the metacommunity scale. I further show that these organisms exhibit competition-colonization tradeoffs, and examine how local scale disturbances can structure species diversity. If species are evenly distributed along this tradeoff, then diversity is maximized at intermediate disturbance rates. However if the tradeoff is colonist-skewed then diversity increases with disturbance, and declines is the tradeoff is competitor-skewed. But patterns of diversity at scales larger than the local community always show that diversity is maximized at intermediate disturbances, regardless of the distribution of species along the competition-colonization tradeoff. These results indicate that the effects of dispersal on species richness have a complex relationship with scale and are not solely divisible in to "regional" versus "local" scales. Finally, predictions of how dispersal structures communities appear dependent on local-scale processes, species interactions and historical assembly and disturbance frequency.