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Disinfection By Product Formation And Control During Chloramination
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Book Synopsis Disinfection By-Product Formation and Control During Chloramination by : Gerald E. Speitel Jr
Download or read book Disinfection By-Product Formation and Control During Chloramination written by Gerald E. Speitel Jr and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2005-05-31 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to current and anticipated disinfection by-product (DBP) regulations, many utilities have begun to use chloramines as a secondary disinfectant. Chloramination produces DBPs such as haloacetic acids (HAAs), trihalomethanes (THMs), and haloacetonitriles (HANs) in lower concentrations than chlorination. Previous research has demonstrated that dihalogenated haloacetic acids (DXAAs) are the most commonly formed HAAs during chloramination. Some utilities may have difficulty meeting the new maximum contaminant level (MCL) for HAAs because chloramination does not limit the formation of DXAAs to the same extent as it does other DBPs. The objectives of this project were to: better understand the reactivity of key natural organic matter (NOM) fractions and the effects of treatment processes with respect to dihaloacetic acid (DXAA) formation, better delineate the influence of pH and Cl2/N ratio on DXAA formation, characterize DXAA formation kinetics and the impact of treatment processes on the kinetics, especially the impact of prechlorination, calculate the rate and extent of DXAA formation at elevated summer water temperatures, and determine the effect of bromide concentration on DXAA speciation and kinetics.
Book Synopsis Disinfection By-product Formation and Control During Chloramination by :
Download or read book Disinfection By-product Formation and Control During Chloramination written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Disinfection By-Products in Water TreatmentThe Chemistry of Their Formation and Control by : Roger A. Minear
Download or read book Disinfection By-Products in Water TreatmentThe Chemistry of Their Formation and Control written by Roger A. Minear and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinfection By-Products in Water Treatment describes new government regulations related to disinfection by-products. It explains the formation of microorganism by-products during water treatment and the methods employed to control them. The book includes several chapters on chlorine by-products and discusses techniques for the removal of chloroform from drinking water. It also describes gamma radiation techniques for removing microorganic by-product precursors from natural waters and the removal of bromate from drinking water.
Book Synopsis Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water by : Yuefeng Xie
Download or read book Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water written by Yuefeng Xie and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-08-27 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The EPA has established regulations which classify four types of disinfection byproducts - TTHMs, haloacetic acids, bromate, and chlorite - and requires public water systems limit these byproducts to specific levels. Most of the information required to comply with these standards is either scattered throughout the literature or derived from confere
Book Synopsis Formation and Control of Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water by : Philip C. Singer
Download or read book Formation and Control of Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water written by Philip C. Singer and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by more than 30 DBP experts, this technical and managerial reference tool provides essential background and addresses recent activities of the EPA and environmental consultants. It answers important questions, such as how to balance microbial and chemical risks, and includes information on new regulation and treatment costs.
Book Synopsis Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water by : K Clive Thompson
Download or read book Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water written by K Clive Thompson and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-09-29 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the latest developments in themes related to water disinfection by-products, this book brings the reader right up to date. Stemming from an international conference, contributions are from decision-makers, regulators and the relevant scientific community. Coverage includes emerging disinfection by-products, water treatment, water recycling, monitoring, regulation and health and toxicology aspects. It will be of interest to water companies, public health professionals, drinking water quality regulators, suppliers of laboratory and on-line monitoring equipment, analytical chemists, and academic and industry researchers working in the area of disinfection by-products.
Book Synopsis Controlling Disinfection By-products and Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water by : Robert M. Clark
Download or read book Controlling Disinfection By-products and Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water written by Robert M. Clark and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Disinfection By-product Formation During Chloramination by : James M. Symons
Download or read book Factors Affecting Disinfection By-product Formation During Chloramination written by James M. Symons and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 1998 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Disinfection By-products in Water Treatment by : R. Minear
Download or read book Disinfection By-products in Water Treatment written by R. Minear and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :American Water Works Association Researc Publisher :International Water Assn ISBN 13 :9781843399711 Total Pages :356 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (997 download)
Book Synopsis The Formation and Decay of Disinfection By-Products in the Distribution System by : American Water Works Association Researc
Download or read book The Formation and Decay of Disinfection By-Products in the Distribution System written by American Water Works Association Researc and published by International Water Assn. This book was released on 2007 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most DBP studies conducted to date have focused on the formation and control of DBPs in treatment plants. They were conducted in bottles in the laboratory under controlled conditions. Little is known about the changes in DBPs in fullscale distribution systems. Also, information to date suggests that batch incubations in bottles may not accurately represent the DBPs in full-scale systems because of their inability to consider pipe walls and biofilms, spatial and temporal DBP variability within a system, and the dynamic nature of the system. Utilities were selected based on finished water characteristics, seasonal temperature changes, geographic location, type of final disinfectant, DBP concentrations, distribution system hydraulic model, and others. Two utilities used free chlorine as residual disinfectant, two utilities used chloramines, and one utility used chloramines with a yearly one-month switch to free chlorine. Within each system, sampling locations were selected based on water age, pipe material and diameter, and others. One system examined the effects of a storage reservoir and a booster chlorination station. Samples were collected six to eight times over a one-year period. In the system that periodically switches to free chlorine, two samplings were conducted before the switch, two samplings during the free chlorination period, and two samplings following the return to chloramines.
Book Synopsis Control of Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water Systems by : Anastasia Nikolau
Download or read book Control of Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water Systems written by Anastasia Nikolau and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The occurrence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water has been an issue of major concern during several decades. The formation of many DBPs species during water disinfection has been documented, while new by-products are still being detected, as the analytical instrumentation available becomes more accurate and sensitive. Most of the DBPs have been proven to have toxic effects on living organisms; therefore they pose risks to human health during drinking water consumption. The factors affecting their formation have been extensively investigated, their transport and fate have been studied, modelling efforts for several of them have been performed, in order to understand better their behaviour and therefore try to minimise their occurrence in waters. Techniques for their removal from water have also been applied, and a variety of disinfection methods or combinations of disinfecting agents have been investigated with the aim to produce safe drinking water containing the minimum possible concentrations of DBPs. This book deals with the advances in control of DBPs in drinking water systems. Further than an providing an overview of existing disinfection techniques and by-products, up-to-date information on the parameters affecting the procedures of DBPs formation, analytical methods for their determination, toxicity, regulation, it pays special emphasis on the advanced treatment methods applied recently for DBPs control and presents recent promising findings as well as case studies in this field, as the relevant research is proceeding, producing more knowledge and practical solutions in regard to the disinfected drinking water quality.
Book Synopsis Exploring HAA Formation Pathways During Chloramination by : Tanju Karanfil
Download or read book Exploring HAA Formation Pathways During Chloramination written by Tanju Karanfil and published by Amer Water Works Assn. This book was released on 2007 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of chloramine for DBP control has received increasing attention in the U.S. water treatment industry since the first discovery of THM in drinking waters. Chloramination can almost completely suppress THM formation and reduce haloacetic acids concentration to 3-30 percent of the amounts formed during chlorination, making it a viable alternative to utilities for complying with the Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products Rule. This project investigated the routes of HAA formation during chloramination.
Book Synopsis Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water by : M.N.V. Prasad
Download or read book Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water written by M.N.V. Prasad and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2020-03-06 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water: Detection and Treatment presents cutting-edge research on how to understand the procedures, processes and considerations for detecting and treating disinfection by-products from drinking water, swimming pool water, and wastewater. The book begins with an overview of the different groups of Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), such as: Trihalomethanes (THM), Halo acetic acids, and Haloacetonitrile (HAN). This coverage is quickly followed by a clear and rigorous exposition of the latest methods and technologies for the characterization, occurrence, formation, transformation and removal of DBPs in drinking water. Other chapters focus on ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Researchers will find a valuable resource to a breath of topics for DBP detection and treatment, including various recent techniques, such as microfiltration, nanofiltration membrane and nanotechnology. Explains the latest research in detection, treatment processes and remediation technologies Includes sampling, analytical and characterization methods and approaches Covers cutting-edge research, including membrane based technologies, nanotechnology treatment technologies and bioremediation treatment technologies Provides background information regarding contamination sources
Book Synopsis Disinfection By-Products in Water TreatmentThe Chemistry of Their Formation and Control by : Roger A. Minear
Download or read book Disinfection By-Products in Water TreatmentThe Chemistry of Their Formation and Control written by Roger A. Minear and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinfection By-Products in Water Treatment describes new government regulations related to disinfection by-products. It explains the formation of microorganism by-products during water treatment and the methods employed to control them. The book includes several chapters on chlorine by-products and discusses techniques for the removal of chloroform from drinking water. It also describes gamma radiation techniques for removing microorganic by-product precursors from natural waters and the removal of bromate from drinking water.
Book Synopsis Natural Organic Matter and Disinfection By-products Characterization and Control in Drinking Water by : Sylvia E. Barrett
Download or read book Natural Organic Matter and Disinfection By-products Characterization and Control in Drinking Water written by Sylvia E. Barrett and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many by-products of water disinfection that are still not fully understood and can be potentially harmful. In this volume all the current research in this area is discussed, along with an examination of the role of NOM (natural organic matter) and its relationship to DBP (disinfection by-product) formation and control in drinking water. Understanding the relationship of NOM to DBP may well lead to new techniques for analyzing and treating water and enable reasonable choices to be made for source-water protection, treatment plant process optimization, and distribution system operation to control DBP's. This volume emphasizes the characterization and reactivity of polar natural organic matter. It examines analytical methods which better characterize NOM and determines some of the polar and nonvolatile DBP forms. It presents innovative new methods, sich as capillary electrophoresis for haloacetic aceids and LC/MS for the identification of polar dinking water DBPs.
Book Synopsis Disinfection By-Products and Human Health by : Steve E. Hrudey
Download or read book Disinfection By-Products and Human Health written by Steve E. Hrudey and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2012-04-30 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinfection By-Products and Human Health is based on contributions from speakers who participated in May 2011 workshops on Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) and Human Health at Ozwater 11 in Adelaide, Australia or at an AWA sponsored workshop at the Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Perth, Australia. The contributions are prepared to facilitate communication with practitioners, rather than researchers, making use of overview illustrations rather than dense text or data tables. Each chapter concludes with up to 5 key findings that are take-home messages for practitioners. Disinfection By-Products and Human Health is aimed specifically at drinking water professionals (engineers, chemists and public health professionals) working on the front lines of drinking water issues where they must encounter actual day-to-day issues of risk management concerning DBPs in relation to all the other regulatory and water quality issues they must manage. Although a topic this complex is certainly not amenable to simplistic explanations, this book aims to provide drinking water professionals with a pragmatic assessment of the current evidence and emerging issues concerning DBPs and public health. Disinfection By-Products and Human Health is an essential, practical and accessible guide for drinking water professionals, engineers, chemists and public health professionals. Editors: Steve E. Hrudey, Professor Emeritus, Analytical & Environmental Toxicology, University of Alberta, Canada, Jeffrey W.A. Charrois, Director and Associate Professor, Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Curtin University of Technology, Australia, Steve Hrudey is professor emeritus in analytical and environmental toxicology in the University of Alberta's Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry. He spent 13 years as a cabinet-appointed member of the Alberta Environmental Appeals Board, the last four as chair, and was the first non-lawyer to hold this position. During this period, he served on 36 public hearing panels, 19 as chair of the panel. In addition he has testified before senate committees in Canada and the Legislative Council in Western Australia. Hrudey has served on a number of high-profile expert panels, including the Research Advisory Panel to the Walkerton Inquiry (2000-2002), the Expert Panel on Safe Drinking Water for First Nations (2006), the Technical Advisory Committee to the B.C. Minister of Health on turbidity and microbial risk in drinking water (2007-2008, as chair), the Expert Advisory Panel on Water Quality for Washington, D.C., to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (2009-2011) and chair of the Royal Society of Canada Expert Panel on Environmental and Health Impacts of Canada's Oil Sands Industry (2009-2010). He has also co-authored or edited nine books, including the widely acclaimed book inspired by the Walkerton tragedy: Safe Drinking Water - Lessons from Recent Outbreaks in Affluent Nations (IWA Publishing, 2004). He has written 26 book chapters, 19 expert panel reports, 163 refereed journal articles, 15 science discussions, six media op-eds and 73 conference proceeding papers. Hrudey is the 2012 winner of the American Water Works Association A.P. Black Research Award for contributions to water science and water supply. This book is sponsored by Australian Water Association (AWA)
Book Synopsis Chloramine and MIEX Control of Disinfection By-products Formed from an Alluvial Aquifer Water Source by : Juan Wu
Download or read book Chloramine and MIEX Control of Disinfection By-products Formed from an Alluvial Aquifer Water Source written by Juan Wu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinfection has been applied for centuries for disinfection process. The formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) caused by disinfection become a main safety issue for the public health. Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are two of the major classes in DBPs. In response to this potential health risk from DBPs, the EPA established a current maximum contaminant level (MCL) is 80 [mu]g/L of THMs and 60 [mu]g/L of HAA5 based on the locational running annual average (LRAA) include in Stage 2 of the disinfectants and disinfection by-products rule. However, the formation of these DBPs varies with the water quality and/or the treatment process. The compliance of TTHMs may become a major issue in most facilities which use ground water as their raw water and apply softening as the primary treatment goal. For this kind of facility, however, formation of HAAs is not big concern. Use of alternative disinfectants and removal of DBP precursors are two approaches to control the DBPs in the drinking water system. Chloramines have been generally used to control the concentration of elevated DBPs species in drinking water distribution systems. However, much of the research on chloramines in DBPs has focused on the surface water sourced water treatment systems. This study focuses on a groundwater source in the Columbia drinking water system to investigate TTHM formation kinetics under chloramination to predict TTHM concentration in the Columbia drinking water distribution system when using monochloramine as a residual through a series of Simulated Distribution System (SDS) tests. Magnetic Ion Exchange Resin, namely MIEX®DOC, is a strong-base anion exchange resin containing quaternary amine functional groups that serve for anion exchange. Its small size, macroporous structure, and innovative integration of iron oxide allow it to readily remove DBP precursors in the water. However, the performance of MIEX®DOC is affected by the water quality. Experiments were done to investigate the removal efficiency for DBP precursors in three selected raw water samples, typically subjected to lime softening, by using MIEX resin. The potential interferences from alkalinity and sulfate, existing in the source waters, to precursor removal was also considered.
