Discussion Paper On School Closures

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Handbook of the Economics of Education

Author : Eric A Hanushek
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080465668
Total Pages : 853 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of the Economics of Education by : Eric A Hanushek

Download or read book Handbook of the Economics of Education written by Eric A Hanushek and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-11-13 with total page 853 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbooks in Economics series continues to provide the various branches of economics with handbooks which are definitive reference sources, suitable for use by professional researchers, advanced graduate students, or by those seeking a teaching supplement. With contributions from leading researchers, each Handbook presents an accurate, self-contained survey of the current state of the topic under examination. These surveys summarize the most recent discussions in journals, and elucidate new developments. Although original material is also included, the main aim of this series is the provision of comprehensive and accessible surveys. *Every volume contains contributions from leading researchers *Each Handbook presents an accurate, self-contained survey of a particular topic *The series provides comprehensive and accessible surveys

Addressing Inequities in Modern Educational Assessment

Author : Jorge Sainz
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031458028
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (314 download)

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Book Synopsis Addressing Inequities in Modern Educational Assessment by : Jorge Sainz

Download or read book Addressing Inequities in Modern Educational Assessment written by Jorge Sainz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-14 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book focuses on the central and up-to-date issues that represent some of the most relevant challenges and limitations of International Learning Assessments (ILSAs). It specifically sheds light on the general effects of the discontinuation of face-to-face education on students at diverse academic levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through the lens of the most relevant experts of the field, it highlights the asymmetric effects on students based on family income, education level, or employment, imposing a heavy toll on those with less resources. It raises issues regarding the impact on the mental health of students and education professionals due to school closures. Modern education is shifting its focus from just scores to detailed, qualitative feedback. Such comprehensive insights help students identify both strengths and growth areas, making assessments more constructive. This book is aimed for researchers in the field of educational assessments, graduate and postgraduate students, policy makers, and anyone interested in making informed decisions regarding ILSAs. COVID-19 brought immense educational challenges, it also presented an unprecedented opportunity: to reassess and reform existing systems, steering towards assessments that are both fair and empowering.

Collapse and Recovery

Author : Norbert Schady
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464819343
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Collapse and Recovery by : Norbert Schady

Download or read book Collapse and Recovery written by Norbert Schady and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2023-03-16 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has been an enormous shock to mortality, economies, and daily life. But what has received insufficient attention is the impact of the pandemic on the accumulation of human capital—the health, education, and skills—of young people. How large was the setback, and how far are we still from a recovery? Collapse and Recovery estimates the impacts of the pandemic on the human capital of young children, school-age children, and youth and discusses the urgent actions needed to reverse the damage. It shows that there was a collapse of human capital and that, unless that collapse is remedied, it is a time bomb for countries. Specifically, the report documents alarming declines in cognitive and social-emotional development among young children, which could translate into a 25 percent reduction in their earnings as adults. It finds that 1 billion children in low- and middle-income countries missed at least one year of in-person schooling. And despite enormous efforts in remote learning, children did not learn during the unprecedentedly long school closures, which could reduce future lifetime earnings around the world by US$21 trillion. The report quantifies the dramatic drops in employment and skills among youth that resulted from the pandemic as well as the substantial increase in the number of youth neither employed nor enrolled in education or training. In all of these age groups, the impacts of the pandemic were consistently worse for children from poorer backgrounds. These losses call for immediate action. The good news is that evidence-based policies can recover these losses. Collapse and Recovery reviews governments’ responses to the pandemic, assessing why there was a collapse in human capital accumulation, what was missing in the policy architecture to protect human capital during the crisis, and how governments can better prepare to withstand future shocks. It offers concrete policy recommendations to recover losses in human capital—programs that will end up paying for themselves in the long term. To better prepare for future shocks such as climate change and wars, the report emphasizes the need for solutions that bring health, education, and social protection programs together in an integrated human development system. If countries fail to act, the losses in human capital documented in this report will become permanent and last for multiple generations. The time to act is now.

The State of the Global Education Crisis

Author : UNESCO
Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9231004913
Total Pages : 55 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis The State of the Global Education Crisis by : UNESCO

Download or read book The State of the Global Education Crisis written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-09 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The global disruption to education caused by the COVD-19 pandemic is without parallel and the effects on learning are severe. The crisis brought education systems across the world to a halt, with school closures affecting more than 1.6 billion learners. While nearly every country in the world offered remote learning opportunities for students, the quality and reach of such initiatives varied greatly and were at best partial substitutes for in-person learning. Now, 21 months later, schools remain closed for millions of children and youth, and millions more are at risk of never returning to education. Evidence of the detrimental impacts of school closures on children's learning offer a harrowing reality: learning losses are substantial, with the most marginalized children and youth often disproportionately affected. Countries have an opportunity to accelerate learning recovery and make schools more efficient, equitable, and resilient by building on investments made and lessons learned during the crisis. Now is the time to shift from crisis to recovery - and beyond recovery, to resilient and transformative education systems that truly deliver learning and well-being for all children and youth."--The World Bank website.

COVID-19 school closures and mental health of adolescent students: Evidence from rural Mozambique

Author : Chimbutane, Feliciano
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis COVID-19 school closures and mental health of adolescent students: Evidence from rural Mozambique by : Chimbutane, Feliciano

Download or read book COVID-19 school closures and mental health of adolescent students: Evidence from rural Mozambique written by Chimbutane, Feliciano and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-12-21 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, entailing widespread school closures as well as acute disruptions to household livelihoods, has presumably had substantial consequences for adolescent well-being in developing country contexts that remain largely unexplored. We present novel evidence about the prevalence of mental health challenges among adolescent students as well as educators in rural Mozambique using data from an in-person survey conducted in 175 schools. In our sample, 31% of students report low levels of well-being (though only 10% suffer from high anxiety): students enrolled in schools that used a wider variety of distance learning measures report lower anxiety, while students reporting familial shocks linked to the pandemic report higher anxiety and lower well-being. Educators experience comparatively lower levels of anxiety and higher well-being, and household-level shocks are most predictive of variation in mental health. However, well-being is negatively affected by the range of hygiene-related measures implemented in schools upon reopening.

An Ed-Tech Tragedy?

Author : UNESCO
Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9231006118
Total Pages : 653 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis An Ed-Tech Tragedy? by : UNESCO

Download or read book An Ed-Tech Tragedy? written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2023-09-08 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Education and Equity in Times of Crisis

Author : Emily S. Rudling
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031186710
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis Education and Equity in Times of Crisis by : Emily S. Rudling

Download or read book Education and Equity in Times of Crisis written by Emily S. Rudling and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how educational equity is affected during crises – specifically the COVID-19 pandemic. Three key concerns emerge for children’s and young people’s education: material needs, emotional wellbeing, and access to learning. The evidence highlights how pre-existing educational inequalities were exacerbated as well as altered during the global pandemic. Critical reviews of educational vulnerability and of significant crises over the past century provide the book’s foundation. Then, drawing on empirical research from Australia and extensive analysis of international documentation, the book demonstrates significant detriments that pandemic responses caused to formal learning and the broader support role of schools and also addresses promising educational innovations. The book is important not only for scholars in education, but also for practitioners and governments to inform how to better support learning as well as material and emotional wellbeing during and after crises, especially for children and young people experiencing disadvantage.

Why Not the Best Schools? The Wales Report

Author : David Egan
Publisher : ACER Press
ISBN 13 : 1441607692
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (416 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Not the Best Schools? The Wales Report by : David Egan

Download or read book Why Not the Best Schools? The Wales Report written by David Egan and published by ACER Press. This book was released on 2008-12-31 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why Not the Best Schools? The Wales Report is part of a set of six country reports that support the title Why not the best schools? The Wales Report contains five case studies of successful schools in Wales and examines the reasons behind their success.

Evidence on the gendered impacts of extended school closures

Author : UNESCO
Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9231005111
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Evidence on the gendered impacts of extended school closures by : UNESCO

Download or read book Evidence on the gendered impacts of extended school closures written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2022-03-18 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

COVID-19 and Schools

Author : Robert Maranto
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000998495
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis COVID-19 and Schools by : Robert Maranto

Download or read book COVID-19 and Schools written by Robert Maranto and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-11-07 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features contributions from leading experts who present peer reviewed research on how the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic affected U.S. teachers, students, parents, teaching practices, enrolments, and institutional innovations, offering the first empirical findings exploring educational impacts likely to last for decades. The COVID-19 pandemic presented the greatest crisis in the history of U.S. schooling, with America’s 50 states, thousands of school systems, and tens of thousands of private and charter schools responding in myriad ways. This book brings together peer reviewed, empirical research on how U.S. schools responded, and on the educational and health impacts likely to persist for many years. Contributors explore how the U.S. responses differed from those in other countries, with slower reopening, and both reopening and modes of instruction varying widely across states and school sectors. Compared to European countries, U.S. responses to reopening schools reflected political influences more than health or educational needs, though this was less true in market-based private and charter schools. The pandemic was a catalyst for school choice movements across the U.S. Many parents reacted to school closings by exploring alternatives to traditional public schools, including an important and likely permanent innovation, small, parent-created or “pod” schools. As the papers here detail, long term student learning loss and health and socioemotional impacts of COVID-19 closings may well last for decades. The volume concludes by exploring teacher experiences across different sectors following the pandemic. COVID-19 and Schools will be a key resource for academics, researchers, and advanced students of education, education policy and leadership, educational research, research methods, economics, sociology and psychology. The chapters included in this book were originally published as a special issue of Journal of School Choice.

NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2021

Author : Martin Eichenbaum
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226821722
Total Pages : 491 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2021 by : Martin Eichenbaum

Download or read book NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2021 written by Martin Eichenbaum and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-05-17 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2021 presents research-central issues in contemporary macroeconomics. Robert Hall and Marianna Kudlyak examine unemployment dynamics during economic recoveries. They present new empirical findings and explore models in which the labor market gradually draws down the stock of unemployed workers in the aftermath of a downturn. Titan Alon, Sena Coskun, Matthias Doepke, David Koll, and Michèle Tertilt analyze the relative decline in employment of women during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated global recession. They show that increased childcare needs, which fell more heavily on women, and differences in occupations both contributed. In the case of the US, however, each of these factors account for less than 20% of the gender gap in hours worked during the pandemic. Richard Rogerson and Johanna Wallenius study the employment rates of older workers in OECD countries over the last forty years. An expansion of institutions incentivizing retirement, concurrent with negative aggregate shocks between 1970 and 1995, led to falling employment rates. This trend started to reverse in the mid-1990s when many of these institutions, such as public pension programs, were cut back. Michael Barnett, William Brock, and Lars Peter Hansen explore the consequences of risk, ambiguity, and model misspecification in climate policy design. They consider carbon emissions pricing and the effects of different sources of uncertainty—such as future information about environmental damage, uncertainties in carbon and temperature dynamics and damage functions, and the role of future green technologies—on policy design. Michael Kremer, Jack Willis, and Yang You present new evidence suggesting a steady trend toward income convergence across countries since the late 1980s. They find convergence in various determinants of economic growth across countries and a flattening of the relationship between growth and these determinants. The paper challenges theories of growth arising after earlier rejections of the neoclassical growth model.

The Human Capital Index 2020 Update

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464816476
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis The Human Capital Index 2020 Update by : World Bank

Download or read book The Human Capital Index 2020 Update written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-05-05 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human capital—the knowledge, skills, and health that people accumulate over their lives—is a central driver of sustainable growth, poverty reduction, and successful societies. More human capital is associated with higher earnings for people, higher income for countries, and stronger cohesion in societies. Much of the hard-won human capital gains in many economies over the past decade is at risk of being eroded by the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic. Urgent action is needed to protect these advances, particularly among the poor and vulnerable. Designing the needed interventions, targeting them to achieve the highest effectiveness, and navigating difficult trade-offs make investing in better measurement of human capital now more important than ever. The Human Capital Index (HCI)—launched in 2018 as part of the Human Capital Project—is an international metric that benchmarks the key components of human capital across economies. The HCI is a global effort to accelerate progress toward a world where all children can achieve their full potential. Measuring the human capital that children born today can expect to attain by their 18th birthdays, the HCI highlights how current health and education outcomes shape the productivity of the next generation of workers and underscores the importance of government and societal investments in human capital. The Human Capital Index 2020 Update: Human Capital in the Time of COVID-19 presents the first update of the HCI, using health and education data available as of March 2020. It documents new evidence on trends, examples of successes, and analytical work on the utilization of human capital. The new data—collected before the global onset of COVID-19—can act as a baseline to track its effects on health and education outcomes. The report highlights how better measurement is essential for policy makers to design effective interventions and target support. In the immediate term, investments in better measurement and data use will guide pandemic containment strategies and support for those who are most affected. In the medium term, better curation and use of administrative, survey, and identification data can guide policy choices in an environment of limited fiscal space and competing priorities. In the longer term, the hope is that economies will be able to do more than simply recover lost ground. Ambitious, evidence-driven policy measures in health, education, and social protection can pave the way for today’s children to surpass the human capital achievements and quality of life of the generations that preceded them.

When schools shut

Author : UNESCO
Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9231004727
Total Pages : 101 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis When schools shut by : UNESCO

Download or read book When schools shut written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2021-10-11 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Long Shadow of Informality

Author : Franziska Ohnsorge
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464817545
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis The Long Shadow of Informality by : Franziska Ohnsorge

Download or read book The Long Shadow of Informality written by Franziska Ohnsorge and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2022-02-09 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large percentage of workers and firms operate in the informal economy, outside the line of sight of governments in emerging market and developing economies. This may hold back the recovery in these economies from the deep recessions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic--unless governments adopt a broad set of policies to address the challenges of widespread informality. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the extent of informality and its implications for a durable economic recovery and for long-term development. It finds that pervasive informality is associated with significantly weaker economic outcomes--including lower government resources to combat recessions, lower per capita incomes, greater poverty, less financial development, and weaker investment and productivity.

Children of Austerity

Author : Bea Cantillon
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192518887
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Children of Austerity by : Bea Cantillon

Download or read book Children of Austerity written by Bea Cantillon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-07 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2008 financial crisis triggered the worst global recession since the Great Depression. Many OECD countries responded to the crisis by reducing social spending. Through 11 diverse country case studies (Belgium, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States), this volume describes the evolution of child poverty and material well-being during the crisis, and links these outcomes with the responses by governments. The analysis underlines that countries with fragmented social protection systems were less able to protect the incomes of households with children at the time when unemployment soared. In contrast, countries with more comprehensive social protection cushioned the impact of the crisis on households with children, especially if they had implemented fiscal stimulus packages at the onset of the crisis. Although the macroeconomic 'shock' itself and the starting positions differed greatly across countries, while the responses by governments covered a very wide range of policy levers and varied with their circumstances, cuts in social spending and tax increases often played a major role in the impact that the crisis had on the living standards of families and children.

Handbook of the Economics of Education

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323992412
Total Pages : 614 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of the Economics of Education by :

Download or read book Handbook of the Economics of Education written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-01-18 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of the Economics of Education describes the research frontier in key topical areas and sets the agenda for further work. Modern analysis in the economics of education has made tremendous strides in understanding fundamental issues related to the production of human capital and the impact of varying institutional features of education systems. By bringing together some of the world's leading scholars, this volume provides a unique view of scholarship in the area. The international perspectives of the editors – Hanushek at Stanford, Machin at LSE, and Woessmann at Munich – leads to a volume with something for all researchers. Topics range from the economics of early childhood education to inequality in society to cash transfers in developing countries. - Identification and evaluation of the state of the art. - Clear descriptions of the meaning of existing research and the most likely avenues for the future - Insights into how policy interventions in education can help or hurt human capital outcomes

Leave no child behind

Author : UNESCO
Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9231005200
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Leave no child behind by : UNESCO

Download or read book Leave no child behind written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2022-06-20 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To leave no child behind, UNESCO developed the first global report of this scope onboys’ disengagement from education, bringing together qualitative and quantitativeevidence from over 140 countries. This report provides an overview on the globalsituation on boys’ disengagement from and disadvantage in education. It identifiesfactors influencing boys’ participation, progression and learning outcomes ineducation. It also analyses responses by governments and partners, and examinespromising policies and programmes. Finally, it includes recommendations on how tore-engage boys with education and address disadvantage.While girls continue to face severe disadvantages andinequalities in education, the report shows that boys inmany countries are at greater risk than girls of repeatinggrades, failing to complete different education levelsand having poorer learning outcomes in school. Noless than 132 million boys of primary and secondaryschool age are out of school. They urgently requiresupport.As this report shows, supporting boys does notmean that girls lose out and vice versa. Addressingboys’ disengagement not only benefits boys’ learning,employment opportunities, income and well-being, itis also highly beneficial for achieving gender equality anddesirable economic, social and health outcomes.