Discrimination In American Sports

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Discrimination in American Sports

Author : Verena Picken
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3640230833
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Discrimination in American Sports by : Verena Picken

Download or read book Discrimination in American Sports written by Verena Picken and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-12 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 2,7, University of Siegen, 11 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Sport is not just sport. It is more: even more than entertainment, a (an American ) life style, it is the nation's pride. Sport is strictly connected to someone's feelings. Especially baseball, basketball and football represent typical American ballgames. But sports are not only about playing or exercising, they are highly organized, have institutionalized rituals, public liturgies, symbolic statements, dramas and narratives. American sports seem to symbolize America, its pride and unity. They are rarely considered "just a game." American sports are crowded with a number of meanings: they are displays of patriotism, consumer rackets and even morality lessons. We learn a lot about political developments, racial relations, social classes, equality for women and community identity. Probably the most significant long- term development in the 20th century sports has been the increasing participation of minorities, especially blacks and women. Mainly African Americans made contributions to sports in the early 20th century, despite being excluded from white teams. In my term paper I will start with the exclusion of black players from white baseball, which led to the creation of a separate Negro National League in 1920. The racial segregation that prevented African Americas from playing baseball in the National League until 1947 has been replaced by the enormous successes of African Americans in all fields of sport. Another important person I want to mention in this context is Jesse Owens, who was a track and field athlete. He became a national hero for the United States when he won four gold medals and set world and Olympic records in 1936. Although being black, he was allowed to participate in these Olympic Games, while Hitler was already following up his racist and contro

White Sports/Black Sports

Author : Lori Latrice Martin
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (161 download)

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Book Synopsis White Sports/Black Sports by : Lori Latrice Martin

Download or read book White Sports/Black Sports written by Lori Latrice Martin and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2015-03-03 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The racial makeup of sports in the United States serves as a classic example of racism in the 21st century. This book examines the racial disparities in sports and the continuing significance of race in 21st-century America, debunking the myth of a "postracial society." Sports can serve as an inspirational example of what can be achieved through hard work and perseverance, regardless of one's race. However, there is plenty of evidence that race still plays a major role in sports, and that sports are key agents of racial socialization. White Sports/Black Sports: Racial Disparities in Athletic Programs challenges the idea that America has moved beyond racial discrimination and identifies the obvious and subtle ways in which racial identities and athletic determinism affect non-white individuals in the world of sports. Author Lori Latrice Martin gives readers a keen awareness of the issues, allowing them to see the links between sports and society as a whole and to perceive that the issues surrounding racism in sports impact people in every realm of life and are not limited to the playing field. She discusses how the media acts as an agent of racial socialization in sports, documents how historical stereotypes of minorities still exist, and looks closely at racial socialization in sports, including basketball, baseball, and football, exposing how blacks remained under-represented in most sports, especially among front office administrators, owners, coaches, and managers. This work serves undergraduate and graduate students in the social sciences to enhance their understanding of minority and majority group relationships and appeals to general readers interested in the history of race and sports in America.

Race and Sport

Author : Charles Kenyatta Ross
Publisher : Univ. Press of Mississippi
ISBN 13 : 9781578068975
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (689 download)

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Book Synopsis Race and Sport by : Charles Kenyatta Ross

Download or read book Race and Sport written by Charles Kenyatta Ross and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2004 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the connection between race and sport in America

African Americans in Sports

Author : Gary A. Sailes
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351533649
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis African Americans in Sports by : Gary A. Sailes

Download or read book African Americans in Sports written by Gary A. Sailes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on African American athletes generally fo-cuses on negative stereotypes of physical prowess, and socially controversial themes. Most studies in-vestigate racism, prejudice, discrimination, and ex-ploitation experienced by African American athletes. Many studies contrast African American and white athletes on a number of variables that support pre-vailing elitist stereotypes and denigrate African Ameri-can athletes. But few studies investigate the diverse and complex cultural dichotomies within the infrastruc-ture of sport in the African American community. Gary Sailes maintains that it is crucial to develop a more eclectic and immersed cultural approach when investigating African American involvement in com-petitive sports. The contributors to 'African Americans in Sports' show that there are also intrinsic cultural paradigms that are evident, presenting an informa-tive and interesting narrative regarding African American athletes. The chapters that make up this volume were written by noted scholars who were selected based on their expertise in their specific academic areas. They write about different components of the experience of African American male athletes. Chapters and contributors include: "Race and Athletic Performance: A Physiological Review" by David W. Hunter; "The Athletic Dominance of African Americans--Is There a Genetic Basis?" by Vinay Harpalani; "African American Player Codes on Celebration, Taunting, and Sportsmanlike Conduct" by Vernon L. Andrews; and "Stacking in Major League Baseball" by Earl Smith and C. Keith Harrison. Many chapters were originally published as a special issue of the 'Journal of African American Men.' This volume should be read by all those involved in athletics, as well as by sports sociologists and African American studies scholars.

Separate Games

Author : David K. Wiggins
Publisher : University of Arkansas Press
ISBN 13 : 1682260178
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Separate Games by : David K. Wiggins

Download or read book Separate Games written by David K. Wiggins and published by University of Arkansas Press. This book was released on 2016-11-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hardening of racial lines during the first half of the twentieth century eliminated almost all African Americans from white organized sports, forcing black athletes to form their own teams, organizations, and events. This separate sporting culture, explored in the twelve essays included here, comprised much more than athletic competition; these "separate games" provided examples of black enterprise and black self-help and showed the importance of agency and the quest for racial uplift in a country fraught with racialist thinking and discrimination.

In Black and White

Author : Kenneth L. Shropshire
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814780164
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis In Black and White by : Kenneth L. Shropshire

Download or read book In Black and White written by Kenneth L. Shropshire and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 1996-08 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practicing sports lawyer Shropshire (legal studies, U. of Pennsylvania) points out the racism still institutionalized in American professional sports, distills the attitudes that allow it to persevere, and recommends strategies for redressing the situation. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Racism in College Athletics

Author : Dana D. Brooks
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Racism in College Athletics by : Dana D. Brooks

Download or read book Racism in College Athletics written by Dana D. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Features several articles from leading scholars, including The African American Athlete: Social Myths and Stereotypes, Sociohistorical Influences on African American Elite Sportswomen and Race Law and College Athletics.

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 1538114984
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis by :

Download or read book written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Separate Games

Author : David K. Wiggins
Publisher : University of Arkansas Press
ISBN 13 : 9781682261224
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Separate Games by : David K. Wiggins

Download or read book Separate Games written by David K. Wiggins and published by University of Arkansas Press. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2017 NASSH Book Award for best edited collection. The hardening of racial lines during the first half of the twentieth century eliminated almost all African Americans from white organized sports, forcing black athletes to form their own teams, organizations, and events. This separate sporting culture, explored in the twelve essays included here, comprised much more than athletic competition; these “separate games” provided examples of black enterprise and black self-help and showed the importance of agency and the quest for racial uplift in a country fraught with racialist thinking and discrimination. The significance of this sporting culture is vividly showcased in the stories of the Cuban Giants baseball team, basketball’s New York Renaissance Five, the Tennessee State Tigerbelles track-and-field team, black college football’s Turkey Bowl Classic, car racing’s Gold and Glory Sweepstakes, Negro League Baseball’s East-West All-Star game, and many more. These teams, organizations, and events made up a vibrant national sporting complex that remained in existence until the integration of sports beginning in the late 1940s. Separate Games explores the fascinating ways sports helped bind the black community and illuminate race pride, business acumen, and organizational abilities.

Sport and the Color Line

Author : Patrick B. Miller
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780415946117
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (461 download)

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Book Synopsis Sport and the Color Line by : Patrick B. Miller

Download or read book Sport and the Color Line written by Patrick B. Miller and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays presented in this text examine the complexity of black American sports culture, from the organization of semi-pro baseball and athletic programs at historically black colleges and universities, to the careers of individual stars such as Jack Johnson and Joe Louis.

Glory Bound

Author : David K. Wiggins
Publisher : Syracuse University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780815627340
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Glory Bound by : David K. Wiggins

Download or read book Glory Bound written by David K. Wiggins and published by Syracuse University Press. This book was released on 1997-04-01 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African American athletes have experienced a tumultuous relationship with mainstream white America. Glory Bound brings together for the first time eleven essays that explore this complex topic. In his writings, well-known sports scholar David K. Wiggins recounts the struggle of black athletes to participate fully in sports while maintaining their own cultural identity and pride. Wiggins examines the seminal moments that defined and changed the black athlete's role in white America from the nineteenth century to the present: the personal crusade of Wendell Smith to promote black participation in organized baseball, the triumph of Jesse Owens at the 1936 Olympics and the proposed boycott of the Games, and the response of America's black press and community. Glory Bound demonstrates how the civil rights movement changed the face of American athletics and society forever. With the genesis of the black power movement in sport, Wiggins notes a significant shift in black—and white—America's attention to the African American athlete.

Sports and the Racial Divide

Author : Michael E. Lomax
Publisher : Univ. Press of Mississippi
ISBN 13 : 1617030465
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Sports and the Racial Divide by : Michael E. Lomax

Download or read book Sports and the Racial Divide written by Michael E. Lomax and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2011-03-11 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With essays by Ron Briley, Michael Ezra, Sarah K. Fields, Billy Hawkins, Jorge Iber, Kurt Kemper, Michael E. Lomax, Samuel O. Regalado, Richard Santillan, and Maureen Smith This anthology explores the intersection of race, ethnicity, and sports and analyzes the forces that shaped the African American and Latino sports experience in post-World War II America. Contributors reveal that sports often reinforced dominant ideas about race and racial supremacy but that at other times sports became a platform for addressing racial and social injustices. The African American sports experience represented the continuation of the ideas of Black Nationalism—racial solidarity, black empowerment, and a determination to fight against white racism. Three of the essayists discuss the protest at the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City. In football, baseball, basketball, boxing, and track and field, African American athletes moved toward a position of group strength, establishing their own values and simultaneously rejecting the cultural norms of whites. Among Latinos, athletic achievement inspired community celebrations and became a way to express pride in ethnic and religious heritages as well as a diversion from the work week. Sports was a means by which leadership and survival tactics were developed and used in the political arena and in the fight for justice.

Gender Inequality in Sports

Author : Kirstin Cronn-Mills
Publisher : Twenty-First Century Books TM
ISBN 13 : 1728455936
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (284 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender Inequality in Sports by : Kirstin Cronn-Mills

Download or read book Gender Inequality in Sports written by Kirstin Cronn-Mills and published by Twenty-First Century Books TM. This book was released on 2022-04-05 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “We trained just as hard and we have just as much love for our sport. We deserve to play just as much as any other athlete. . . . I am sick and tired of being treated like I am second rate. I plan on standing up for what is right and fighting for equality.” —Sage Ohlensehlen, Women’s Swim Team Captain at the University of Iowa Fifty years ago, US president Richard Nixon signed Title IX into law, making it illegal for federally funded education programs to discriminate based on sex. The law set into motion a massive boom in girls and women’s sports teams, from kindergarten to the collegiate level. Professional women’s sports grew in turn. Title IX became a massive touchstone in the fight for gender equality. So why do girls and women—including trans and intersex women—continue to face sexist attitudes and unfair rules and regulations in sports? The truth is that the road to equality in sports has been anything but straightforward, and there is still a long way to go. Schools, universities, and professional organizations continue to struggle with addressing unequal pay, discrimination, and sexism in their sports programming. Delve into the history and impact of Title IX, learn more about the athletes at the forefront of the struggle, and explore how additional changes could lead to equality in sports. “Girls are socialized to know . . . that gender roles are already set. Men run the world. Men have the power. Men make the decisions. . . . When these girls are coming out, who are they looking up to telling them that’s not the way it has to be? And where better to do that than in sports?” —Muffet McGraw, Head Women’s Basketball Coach at Notre Dame “Fighting for equal rights and equal opportunities entails risk. It demands you put yourself in harm’s way by calling out injustice when it occurs. Sometimes it’s big things, like a boss making overtly sexist remarks or asserting they won’t hire women. But far more often, it’s little, seemingly innocuous, things . . . that sideline the women whose work you depend on every day. You can use your privilege to help those who don’t have it. It’s really as simple as that.” —Liz Elting, women’s rights advocate

Integrating the Gridiron

Author : Lane Demas
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813547415
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrating the Gridiron by : Lane Demas

Download or read book Integrating the Gridiron written by Lane Demas and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even the most casual sports fans celebrate the achievements of professional athletes, among them Jackie Robinson, Muhammad Ali, and Joe Louis. Yet before and after these heroes staked a claim for African Americans in professional sports, dozens of college athletes asserted their own civil rights on the amateur playing field, and continue to do so today. Integrating the Gridiron, the first book devoted to exploring the racial politics of college athletics, examines the history of African Americans on predominantly white college football teams from the nineteenth century through today. Lane Demas compares the acceptance and treatment of black student athletes by presenting compelling stories of those who integrated teams nationwide, and illuminates race relations in a number of regions, including the South, Midwest, West Coast, and Northeast. Focused case studies examine the University of California, Los Angeles in the late 1930s; integrated football in the Midwest and the 1951 Johnny Bright incident; the southern response to black players and the 1955 integration of the Sugar Bowl; and black protest in college football and the 1969 University of Wyoming "Black 14." Each of these issues drew national media attention and transcended the world of sports, revealing how fans--and non-fans--used college football to shape their understanding of the larger civil rights movement.

Separate Games ,African American Sport Behind the Walls of Segregation

Author : Edited Wiggins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781438199337
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis Separate Games ,African American Sport Behind the Walls of Segregation by : Edited Wiggins

Download or read book Separate Games ,African American Sport Behind the Walls of Segregation written by Edited Wiggins and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Out of Bounds

Author : Lori Latrice Martin
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313399387
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Out of Bounds by : Lori Latrice Martin

Download or read book Out of Bounds written by Lori Latrice Martin and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2014-04-17 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays highlights the controversies surrounding racism in sports and African American athletes, examining the racial discrimination that exists in one of the most public arenas in the 21st century. Despite increasing diversity in the American population, race and racial bias continue to be significant issues in the United States. Sports—one of the most visible and important subsets of American culture—directly reflect our society's beliefs about race. This book examines racial controversy and conflict in various sports in the United States in both previous eras as well as the current "Age of Obama." The essays in the work explain how racial ideologies are created and recreated in all areas of public life, including the world of sports. The authors address a wide range of sports, including ones where racial minorities are in the numerical minority, such as hockey. Specific topics covered include the devaluation of black athletes, racism in Major League Baseball, and the treatment of black female athletes.

Contesting Identities

Author : Aaron Baker
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 9780252028168
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Contesting Identities by : Aaron Baker

Download or read book Contesting Identities written by Aaron Baker and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher's description: Since the earliest days of the silent era, American filmmakers have been drawn to the visual spectacles of sports and their compelling narratives of conflict, triumph, and individual achievement. In Contesting Identities Aaron Baker examines how these cinematic representations of sports and athletes have evolved over time--from The Pinch Hitter and Buster Keaton's College to White Men Can't Jump, Jerry Maguire, and Girlfight. He focuses on how identities have been constructed and transcended in American society since the early twentieth century. Whether depicting team or individual sports, these films return to that most American of themes, the master narrative of self-reliance. Baker shows that even as sports films tackle socially constructed identities such as class, race, ethnicity, sexuality, and gender, they ultimately underscore transcendence of these identities through self-reliance. In addition to discussing the genre's recurring dramatic tropes, from the populist prizefighter to the hot-headed rebel to the "manly" female athlete, Baker also looks at the social and cinematic impacts of real-life sports figures from Jackie Robinson and Babe Didrikson Zaharias to Muhammad Ali and Michael Jordan.