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Directed And Elliptic Flow In Au Au Collisions At A Center Of Mass Energy Of 196 Gev Per Nucleon Nucleon Pair
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Book Synopsis Directed and Elliptic Flow in Au + Au Collisions at a Center of Mass Energy of 19.6 GeV Per Nucleon-nucleon Pair by : Michael George Anderson
Download or read book Directed and Elliptic Flow in Au + Au Collisions at a Center of Mass Energy of 19.6 GeV Per Nucleon-nucleon Pair written by Michael George Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Elliptic Flow in Au+Au Collisions at 200 GeV Per Nucleon Pair by : Carla Manuel Vale
Download or read book Elliptic Flow in Au+Au Collisions at 200 GeV Per Nucleon Pair written by Carla Manuel Vale and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has provided its experiments with the most energetic nucleus-nucleus collisions ever achieved in a laboratory. These collisions allow for the study of the properties of nuclear matter at very high temperature and energy density, and may uncover new forms of matter created under such conditions. This thesis presents measurements of the elliptic flow amplitude, v2, in Au+Au collisions at RHIC's top center of mass energy of 200 GeV per nucleon pair. Elliptic flow is interesting as a probe of the dynamical evolution of the system formed in the collision. The elliptic flow dependences on transverse momentum, centrality, and pseudorapidity were measured using data collected by the PHOBOS detector during the 2001 RHIC run. The reaction plane of the collision was determined using the multiplicity detector, and the azimuthal angles of tracks reconstructed in the spectrometer were then correlated with the found reaction plane. The v2 values grow almost linearly with transverse momentum, up to P[sub]T of approximately 1.5 GeV, saturating at about 14%. As a function of centrality, v2 is minimum for central events, as expected from geometry, and increases up to near 7% (for 0
Book Synopsis Pseudorapidity Dependence of Directed and Elliptic Flow in Au+Au Collisions at 19.6, 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV Per Nucleon Pair by : Joshua Brian Hamblen
Download or read book Pseudorapidity Dependence of Directed and Elliptic Flow in Au+Au Collisions at 19.6, 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV Per Nucleon Pair written by Joshua Brian Hamblen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurement of Charmed Meson Azimuthal Anisotropy in Au+Au Collisions at a Center of Mass Energy of 200 GeV Per Nucleon Pair at RHIC by : Michael Richard Lomnitz
Download or read book Measurement of Charmed Meson Azimuthal Anisotropy in Au+Au Collisions at a Center of Mass Energy of 200 GeV Per Nucleon Pair at RHIC written by Michael Richard Lomnitz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Using the Balance Function to Search for Late Hadronization in Au + Au Collisions at a Center of Mass Energy of 130 GeV Per Nucleon Pair by : Marguerite Belt Tonjes
Download or read book Using the Balance Function to Search for Late Hadronization in Au + Au Collisions at a Center of Mass Energy of 130 GeV Per Nucleon Pair written by Marguerite Belt Tonjes and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Momentum-integrated Elliptic Flow and Transverse Collision Geometry in Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-nucleus Collisions by : Peter Kirk Walters
Download or read book Momentum-integrated Elliptic Flow and Transverse Collision Geometry in Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-nucleus Collisions written by Peter Kirk Walters and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Ultrareletivistic nuclear collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider have produced a high temperature, high energy density medium consisting of a strongly interacting plasma of quarks and gluons. This extreme state of matter provides a testing ground for quantum chromodynamics. Previous studies of gold-gold collisions over a wide range of beam energies revealed many properties of the produced medium. However, these studies were restricted to relatively large colliding systems which resulted in large collision volumes; it is therefore important to investigate what role the size of the collision volume plays in the evolution of the source, particularly as the source volume becomes vanishingly small. This can be achieved with symmetric copper-copper collisions, which offer access to a range of system sizes from [approximately] 10 participating nucleons up through volumes comparable to those created in gold-gold collisions. Collective behaviors of the produced particles in heavy-ion collisions can provide useful probes into the state of the medium produced, including its degree of thermalization and its properties. The elliptic flow, an anisotropy in the azimuthal distribution of the produced particles that is strongly correlated to the initial transverse geometry of the colliding nuclei, is one such collective motion that has proven to be a very useful observable for studying heavy-ion collisions. This is because it exhibits fairly large magnitudes in the systems being studied and is sensitive to the strength of the partonic interactions in-medium. The PHOBOS experiment, which can measure the positions of produced charged particles with high precision over nearly the full solid angle, is well-suited to study the elliptic flow and its evolution over an extended range along the beam direction. The elliptic flow from copper-copper collisions at center-of-mass energies of 22.4, 62.4, and 200GeV per nucleon pair are presented as a function of pseudorapidity and system size. The appearance of unexpected behaviors in the smaller system prompted a re-examination of the role of the collision geometry on the production of elliptic flow. Studies using Monte-Carlo Glauber simulations found that the fluctuating spatial configurations of the component nucleons in the colliding nuclei could result in significant variation of the shape of the nuclear overlap on an event-by-event basis, and that these fluctuations become important for small systems. The eccentricity, a quantity that characterizes the ellipticity of the nuclear overlap in the transverse plane, is redefined to account for these fluctuations as the participant eccentricity. It is found that the event-by-event fluctuations of the participant eccentricity are able to fully account for the observed elliptic flow in the smaller system. The participant eccentricity is used to normalize the measured elliptic flow across different colliding systems to a common initial geometry so that a direct comparison of the properties of the produced medium can be made. It is found that the produced medium evolves smoothly from systems of [approximately] 10 participant nucleons to systems involving more than 350 nucleons and for collision energies from 19.6 to 200GeV per nucleon pair. This smooth evolution of the elliptic flow is also observed as a function of pseudorapidity in all the systems studied. After accounting for the initial geometry, no indication of the identity of the original colliding system is observed"--Page vi-vii.
Book Synopsis Direct Flow in 10.8 GeV/nucleon Au+Au Collisions Measured in Experiment E917 at the AGS. by :
Download or read book Direct Flow in 10.8 GeV/nucleon Au+Au Collisions Measured in Experiment E917 at the AGS. written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of directed flow observable for protons and pions from Au+Au collisions at 10.8 GeV/nucleon from experiment E917 at the AGS is presented. Using a Fourier series expansion, the first Fourier component,?1, was extracted as a function of rapidity for mid-central collisions (17-24%). Clear evidence for positive directed flow is found in the proton data, and a weak, possibly negative directed flow signal is observed for? and?−.
Book Synopsis Neutral Kaon Correlations in Au-au Collisions at Center of Mass Energy of 200 GeV Per Nucleon Pair by : Selemon Bekele
Download or read book Neutral Kaon Correlations in Au-au Collisions at Center of Mass Energy of 200 GeV Per Nucleon Pair written by Selemon Bekele and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A few microseconds after the Big Bang, the universe is believed to have existed in the form of a plasma composed of strongly interacting particles known as quarks and gluons. Although the quarks and gluons behave as asymptotically free particles in a Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), free quarks and gluons have never been discovered in the laboratory. Experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) aim to create conditions similar to the early universe by colliding heavy ions at the highest energies possible in the hope of observing a phase transition from a QGP into hadronic degrees of freedom. The response of the space time structure of the hot reaction zone created in a heavy ion collision to a phase transition is one of the many observables being studied at RHIC. Making use of the techniques of two particle intensity interferometry, also known as the HBT effect, the RHIC experiments are studying the space-time structure and dynamical properties of the region from which particles are emitted. A large spatial size and long duration of particle emission are the predicted signals for a phase transition from a QGP to a hadronic phase. In this thesis we present results on the first measurement of one dimensional K0[subscript s] K0[subscript s] interferometry by the STAR experiment at RHIC in central (small impact parameter) Au-Au collisions at center of mass energy of 200 GeV per nucleon pair. The lambda parameter, which is a measure of the sources chaoticity, is found to be consistent with unity confirming the fact that the source is mostly chaotic as measured by STAR using three particle correlations. Without taking into account the effect of the strong interaction, the invariant radius R inv is found to be large for the mean transverse mass M [subscript t] of the pair, which is about 980 MeV/c, compared to expectations from charged pion correlations at the same M [subscript t]. Including the effect of the strong interactions makes the radius parameter for the K0[subscript s] K0[subscript s] system fall within the charged pion M [subscript t] systematics. Our result serves as a valuable cross-check of charged pion measurements which are mainly affected by contributions from resonance decays and final state interactions. This is also an important first step towards a full three dimensional analysis of neutral kaon correlations as high statistics data from RHIC will be available in the near future.
Book Synopsis Azimuthal Anisotropy in Gold-gold Collisions at 4.5 GeV Center-of-mass Energy Per Nucleon Pair Using Fixed-target Mode at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider by : Yang Wu
Download or read book Azimuthal Anisotropy in Gold-gold Collisions at 4.5 GeV Center-of-mass Energy Per Nucleon Pair Using Fixed-target Mode at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider written by Yang Wu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurements of Elliptic and Triangular Flow in High-Multiplicity He3+Au Collisions at SNN by :
Download or read book Measurements of Elliptic and Triangular Flow in High-Multiplicity He3+Au Collisions at SNN written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we present the first measurement of elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) flow in high-multiplicity 3He+Aucollisions at √sNN=200 GeV. Two-particle correlations, where the particles have a large separation in pseudorapidity, are compared in 3He+Au and in p+p collisions and indicate that collective effects dominate the second and third Fourier components for the correlations observed in the 3He+Ausystem. The collective behavior is quantified in terms of elliptic v2 and triangular v3 anisotropy coefficients measured with respect to their corresponding event planes. The v2 values are comparable to those previously measured in d+Au collisions at the same nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy. Comparisons with various theoretical predictions are made, including to models where the hot spots created by the impact of the three 3He nucleons on the Au nucleus expand hydrodynamically to generate the triangular flow. Finally, the agreement of these models with data may indicate the formation of low-viscosity quark-gluon plasma even in these small collision systems.
Book Synopsis Measurement of Elliptic Flow Coefficients and Derivation of Reaction Plane Dependent Efficiency of Isolated Photons and [neutral Pions] in Center-of-mass Pair Energy 200 GeV Au+Au Collisions at RHIC-PHENIX by :
Download or read book Measurement of Elliptic Flow Coefficients and Derivation of Reaction Plane Dependent Efficiency of Isolated Photons and [neutral Pions] in Center-of-mass Pair Energy 200 GeV Au+Au Collisions at RHIC-PHENIX written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Collective Flow in Au+Au Collisions with Incident Energies from 0.25 to 1.15 A GeV by : Martin David Partlan
Download or read book Collective Flow in Au+Au Collisions with Incident Energies from 0.25 to 1.15 A GeV written by Martin David Partlan and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis First Moment of Azimuthal Anisotropy in Au+Au Collisions from the Beam Energy Scan at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider by : Prashanth Shanmuganathan
Download or read book First Moment of Azimuthal Anisotropy in Au+Au Collisions from the Beam Energy Scan at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider written by Prashanth Shanmuganathan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excited nuclear matter at high temperature and density results in the creation of a new state of matter called Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). It is believed that the Universe was in the QGP state a few millionths of a second after the Big Bang. A QGP can be experimentally created for a very brief time by colliding heavy nuclei, such as gold, at ultra-relativistic energies. The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory consists of two circular rings, 3.8 km in circumference, which can accelerate heavy nuclei in two counter-rotating beams to nearly the speed of light (up to 100 GeV per beam). STAR (Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC) is one of two large detectors at the RHIC facility, and was constructed and is operated by a large international collaboration made up of more than 500 scientists from 56 institutions in 12 countries. STAR has been taking data from heavy ion collisions since the year 2000. An important component of the physics effort of the STAR collaboration is the Beam Energy Scan (BES), designed to study the properties of the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram in the regions where a first-order phase transition and a critical point may exist. Phase-I of the BES program took data in 2010, 2011 and 2014, using Au+Au collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27 and 39 GeV. It is by now considered a well-established fact that the QGP phase exists. However, all evidence so far indicates that there is a smooth crossover when normal hadronic matter becomes QGP and vice versa in collisions at the top energy of RHIC (and likewise at the Large Hadron Collider at the CERN laboratory in Switzerland). At these very high energies, the net density of baryons like nucleons is quite low, since there are almost equal abundances of baryons and antibaryons. It is known that net-baryon compression increases as the beam energy is lowered below a few tens of GeV. Of course, if the beam energy is too low, then the QGP phase cannot be produced at all, so it has been proposed that there is an optimum beam energy, so far unknown, where phenomena like a first-order phase transition and a critical point might be observed. On the other hand, there also exists the possibility that a smooth crossover to QGP occurs throughout the applicable region of the QCD phase diagram. Experiments are needed to resolve these questions. In this dissertation, I focus on one of the main goals of the BES program, which is to search for a possible first-order phase transition from hadronic matter to QGP and back again, using measurements of azimuthal anisotropy. The momentum-space azimuthal anisotropy of the final-state particles from collisions can be expressed in Fourier harmonics. The first harmonic coefficient is called directed flow, and reflects the strength of the collective sideward motion, relative to the beam direction, of the particles. Models tell us that directed flow is imparted during the very early stage of a collision and is not much altered during subsequent stages of the collision. Thus directed flow can provide information about the early stages when the QGP phase exists for a short time. A subset of hydrodynamic and nuclear transport model calculations with the assumption of a first-order phase transition show a prominent dip in the directed flow versus beam energy. I present directed flow and its slope with respect to rapidity, for identified particle types, namely lambda, anti-lambda and kaons as a function of beam energy for central, intermediate and peripheral collisions. The production threshold of neutral strange particles requires them to be created earlier, and these particles have relatively long mean free path. Thus these particles may probe the QGP at earlier times. In addition, new Lambda measurements can provide more insight about baryon number transported to the midrapidity region by stopping process of the nuclear collision. It is noteworthy that net-baryon density (equivalent to baryon chemical potential) depends not only on beam energy but also on collision centrality. The centrality dependence of directed flow and its slope are also studied for all BES energies for nine identified particle types, lambda, anti-lambda, neutral kaons, charged kaons, protons, anti-protons, and charged pions. These detailed results for many particle species, where both centrality and beam energy are varied over a wide range, strongly constrain models. The measurements summarized above pave the way for a new round of model refinements and subsequent comparisons with data. If the latter does not lead to a clear conclusion, the BES Phase-II program will take data in 2019 and 2020 with an upgraded STAR detector with wider acceptance, greatly improved statistics, and will extend measurements to new energy points.
Book Synopsis Measurements of Dielectron Production in Au + Au Collisions at [math][mrow][msqrt][msub][mi][/mi][mrow][mi]N[/mi][mi]N[/mi][/mrow][/msub][/msqrt][mo] by :
Download or read book Measurements of Dielectron Production in Au + Au Collisions at [math][mrow][msqrt][msub][mi][/mi][mrow][mi]N[/mi][mi]N[/mi][/mrow][/msub][/msqrt][mo] written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report on measurements of dielectron (ee−) production in Au+Au collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 200 GeV per nucleon-nucleon pair using the STAR detector at RHIC. Systematic measurements of the dielectron yield as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and collision centrality show an enhancement compared to a cocktail simulation of hadronic sources in the low invariant-mass region (Mee
Book Synopsis Characterization of Au+Au Collisions at [center of Mass Energy] by : Brooke Haag
Download or read book Characterization of Au+Au Collisions at [center of Mass Energy] written by Brooke Haag and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Direct Photon - Hadron Correlations Measurement in Au+Au Collision at Nucleon Center-of-mass Energy of 200 GeV with Isolation Cut Methods by :
Download or read book Direct Photon - Hadron Correlations Measurement in Au+Au Collision at Nucleon Center-of-mass Energy of 200 GeV with Isolation Cut Methods written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurements of Elliptic and Triangular Flow in High-multiplicity 3He+Au Collisions at {u221A}sNN by :
Download or read book Measurements of Elliptic and Triangular Flow in High-multiplicity 3He+Au Collisions at {u221A}sNN written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present the first measurement of elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) flow in high-multiplicity 3He+Aucollisions at √sNN=200 GeV. Two-particle correlations, where the particles have a large separation in pseudorapidity, are compared in 3He+Au and in p+p collisions and indicate that collective effects dominate the second and third Fourier components for the correlations observed in the 3He+Ausystem. The collective behavior is quantified in terms of elliptic v2 and triangular v3 anisotropy coefficients measured with respect to their corresponding event planes. The v2 values are comparable to those previously measured in d+Au collisions at the same nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy. Comparisons with various theoretical predictions are made, including to models where the hot spots created by the impact of the three 3He nucleons on the Au nucleus expand hydrodynamically to generate the triangular flow. The agreement of these models with data may indicate the formation of low-viscosity quark-gluon plasma even in these small collision systems.
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