Die Europaische Gelehrtenrepublik Im Zeitalter Des Konfessionalismus

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Die Europäische Gelehrtenrepublik Im Zeitalter Des Konfessionalismus

Author : Herbert Jaumann
Publisher : Harrassowitz
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Die Europäische Gelehrtenrepublik Im Zeitalter Des Konfessionalismus by : Herbert Jaumann

Download or read book Die Europäische Gelehrtenrepublik Im Zeitalter Des Konfessionalismus written by Herbert Jaumann and published by Harrassowitz. This book was released on 2001 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: InhaltH. Jaumann, Respublica litteraria / Republic of Letters. Concept and Perspectives of ResearchA. Grafton, Where was Salomon's House? Eccelesiastical History and the Intellectual Origins of Bacon's New AtlantisA.G. Shelford, Confessional Division and the Republic of Letters: the Case of Pierre-Daniel Huet (1630-1721)P.N. Muller, Making the Paris Polyglot Bible: Humanism and Orientalism in the Early Seventeenth CenturyF. Waquet, Ludovico Antonio Muratori. Le "pio letterato" a l'epreuve des faitsA. Goldgar, Singing in a Strange Land: The Republic of Letters and the Mentalite of ExileM. Volkel, Das Verhaltnis von religio patriae, confessio und eruditio bei Marx WelserC. Fasolt, Hermann Conring and the Republic of LettersM. Scattola, Gelehrte Philologie vs. Theologie: Johannes Caselius im Streit mit den Helmstedter TheologenR. Hafner, "Denn wie das buch ist, muss der leser seyn" - Allegorese und Mythopoiesis in den Hohen und hellen Sinnbildern Jonae des Helmstedter Gelehrten Hermann von der HardtG. Vogt-Spira, Die Poetik des M.H. Vida und ihre Rezeption in konfessioneller Perspektive

The Copts and the West, 1439-1822

Author : Alastair Hamilton
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191537187
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis The Copts and the West, 1439-1822 by : Alastair Hamilton

Download or read book The Copts and the West, 1439-1822 written by Alastair Hamilton and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-07-27 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In seventeenth-century Europe the Copts, or the Egyptian members of the Church of Alexandria, were widely believed to hold the key to an ancient wisdom and an ancient theology. Their language was thought to lead to the deciphering of the hieroglyphs and their Church to retain traces of early Christian practices as well as early Egyptian customs. Now available in paperback for the first time, this first, full-length study of the subject, discusses the attempts of Catholic missionaries to force the Church of Alexandria into union with the Church of Rome and the slow accumulation of knowledge of Coptic beliefs, undertaken by Catholics and Protestants. It ends with a survey of the study of the Coptic language in the West and of the uses to which it was put by Biblical scholars, antiquarians, theologians, and Egyptologists.

Peiresc's Orient

Author : Peter N. Miller
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351219693
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

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Book Synopsis Peiresc's Orient by : Peter N. Miller

Download or read book Peiresc's Orient written by Peter N. Miller and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ten essays published in this volume were written over the space of a decade, but they were conceived from the start as a coherent whole, presenting Peiresc's study of discrete languages and literatures of the Near East and North Africa. For Peiresc the student of the Classical past, this described the eastern and southern space in which the Greeks and Romans lived and strove. For Peiresc the Christian, this was the world of the Bible that impacted upon the Greeks and Romans. And for Peiresc of the Mediterranean (for he was born in Aix, spent much time in Marseille, and lived outside of the region for only 6 of his 57 years), this was the territory that his friends and colleagues sailed to, lived in and, usually, came back from. The convergence of these axes in the life of one man, and a man of singular intellectual power and charm whose vast personal paper arsenal had survived, makes this such a compelling project. The essays are arranged in a roughly chronological order. They follow the course of Peiresc’s own projects from his early encounter with the ancient Near East in Greek and Roman literature, through his engagement with Arabic to his deepening kowledge of rabbinic texts to the wider world of the new oriental studies of the seventeenth century which he helped create: Samaritan, Coptic and Ethiopic.

Christian Hebraism in the Reformation Era (1500-1660)

Author : Stephen G. Burnett
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004222499
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Christian Hebraism in the Reformation Era (1500-1660) by : Stephen G. Burnett

Download or read book Christian Hebraism in the Reformation Era (1500-1660) written by Stephen G. Burnett and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2012-01-06 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christian Hebraism in early modern Europe has traditionally been interpreted as the pursuit of a few exceptional scholars, but in the sixteenth century it became an intellectual movement involving hundreds of authors and printers and thousands of readers. The Reformation transformed Christian Hebrew scholarship into an academic discipline, supported by both Catholics and Protestants. This book places Christian Hebraism in a larger context by discussing authors and their books as mediators of Jewish learning, printers and booksellers as its transmitters, and the impact of press controls in shaping the public discussion of Hebrew and Jewish texts. Both Jews and Jewish converts played an important role in creating this new and unprecedented form of Jewish learning.

For the Sake of Learning

Author : Ann Blair
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004263314
Total Pages : 1172 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis For the Sake of Learning by : Ann Blair

Download or read book For the Sake of Learning written by Ann Blair and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2016-06-27 with total page 1172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this tribute to Anthony Grafton, a preeminent historian of early modern European intellectual and textual culture and of classical scholarship, fifty-eight contributors present new research across the many areas in which Grafton has been active. The articles span topics from late antiquity to the 20th century, from Europe to North American, and a full spectrum of fields of learning, including art history, the history of science, classics, Jewish and oriental studies, church history and theology, English and German literature, political, social, and book history. Major themes include the communities and dynamics of the Republic of Letters, the reception of classical texts, libraries and book culture, the tools, genres and methods of learning. Contributors are: James S. Amelang, Ann Blair, Christopher S. Celenza, Stuart Clark, Thomas Dandelet, Lorraine Daston, Mordechai Feingold, Paula Findlen, Anja-Silvia Goeing, Robert Goulding, Alastair Hamilton, James Hankins, Nicholas Hardy, Kristine Louise Haugen, Bruce Janacek, Lisa Jardine, Henk Jan de Jonge, Diane Greco Josefowicz, Roland Kany, Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann, Arthur Kiron, Jill Kraye, Urs B. Leu, Scott Mandelbrote, Suzanne Marchand, Margaret Meserve, Paul Michel, Peter N. Miller, Glenn W. Most, Martin Mulsow, Paul Nelles, William R. Newman, C. Philipp E. Nothaft, Laurie Nussdorfer, Jürgen Oelkers, Brian W. Ogilvie, Nicholas Popper, Virginia Reinburg, Daniel Rosenberg, Sarah Gwyneth Ross, Ingrid D. Rowland, David Ruderman, Hester Schadee, Wilhelm Schmidt-Biggemann, Richard Serjeantson, Salvatore Settis, Jonathan Sheehan, William H. Sherman, Nancy Siraisi, Jacob Soll, Peter Stallybrass, Daniel Stolzenberg, N.M. Swerdlow, Dirk van Miert, Kasper van Ommen, Arnoud Visser, Joanna Weinberg and Helmut Zedelmaier.

Printing and Reading Italian Latin Humanism in Renaissance Europe (ca. 1470-ca. 1540)

Author : Alejandro Coroleu
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443861057
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis Printing and Reading Italian Latin Humanism in Renaissance Europe (ca. 1470-ca. 1540) by : Alejandro Coroleu

Download or read book Printing and Reading Italian Latin Humanism in Renaissance Europe (ca. 1470-ca. 1540) written by Alejandro Coroleu and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-02 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of the printing press throughout Europe in the last quarter of the fifteenth century, the key Latin texts of Italian humanism began to be published outside Italy, most of them by a small group of printers who, in most cases, worked in close collaboration with lecturers and teachers. This study provides the first comprehensive account of the dissemination of this important literary corpus in Spain, France, the Low Countries and the German-speaking world between ca. 1470 and ca. 1540. By combining an examination of book production and consumption with attention to the educational system of Renaissance Europe, this book highlights both the historical significance of the Latin literature of Italian humanism within the school and university curriculum of the time, and the impact of such a body of texts on the rising national literary traditions, in Latin and in the vernacular, of the period. Printing and Reading Italian Latin Humanism in Renaissance Europe will appeal to scholars of classical and Renaissance literature, and to anyone interested in intellectual history and in the history of education in the Renaissance. It will be of particular interest to scholars in Hispanic studies.

Patron Saint and Prophet

Author : Phillip N. Haberkern
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190280743
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Patron Saint and Prophet by : Phillip N. Haberkern

Download or read book Patron Saint and Prophet written by Phillip N. Haberkern and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-02 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bohemian preacher and religious reformer Jan Hus has been celebrated as a de facto saint since being burned at the stake as a heretic in 1415. Patron Saint and Prophet analyzes Hus's commemoration from the time of his death until the middle of the following century, tracing the ways in which both his supporters and his most outspoken opponents sought to determine whether he would be remembered as a heretic or saint. Phillip Haberkern examines how specific historical conflicts and exigencies affected the evolution of Hus's memory-within the militant Hussite movement that flourished until the mid-1430s, within the Czech Utraquist church that succeeded it, and among sixteenth-century Lutherans who viewed Hus as a forerunner and even prophet of their reform. Using close readings of written sources such as sermons and church histories, visual media including manuscript illuminations and monumental art, and oral forms of discourse such as vernacular songs and liturgical prayers, this book offers a fascinating account of how changes in media technology complemented the shifting theology of the cult of saints in order to shape early modern commemorative practices. By focusing on the ways in which the invocation of Hus catalyzed religious dissent within two distinct historical contexts, Haberkern compares the role of memory in late medieval Bohemia with the emergence of history as a constitutive religious discourse in the early modern German land. In this way, he also provides a detailed analysis of the ways in which Bohemian and German religious reformers justified their dissent from the Roman Church by invoking the past.

Some New World

Author : Peter Harrison
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009477269
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Some New World by : Peter Harrison

Download or read book Some New World written by Peter Harrison and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-04-18 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his famous argument against miracles, David Hume gets to the heart of the modern problem of supernatural belief. 'We are apt', says Hume, 'to imagine ourselves transported into some new world; where the whole form of nature is disjointed, and every element performs its operation in a different manner, from what it does at present.' This encapsulates, observes Peter Harrison, the disjuncture between contemporary Western culture and medieval societies. In the Middle Ages, people saw the hand of God at work everywhere. Indeed, many suppose that 'belief in the supernatural' is likewise fundamental nowadays to religious commitment. But dichotomising between 'naturalism' and 'supernaturalism' is actually a relatively recent phenomenon, just as the notion of 'belief' emerged historically late. In this masterful contribution to intellectual history, the author overturns crucial misconceptions – 'myths' – about secular modernity, challenging common misunderstandings of the past even as he reinvigorates religious thinking in the present.

The Republic of Letters and the Levant

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9047416562
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (474 download)

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Book Synopsis The Republic of Letters and the Levant by :

Download or read book The Republic of Letters and the Levant written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2005-12-01 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of articles analyses the interests and experiences in the Levant of a number of leading western scholars of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, with an emphasis on the networks of learned friends throughout Europe with whom they corresponded.

The Reception of John Chrysostom in Early Modern Europe

Author : Sam Kennerley
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110708906
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Reception of John Chrysostom in Early Modern Europe by : Sam Kennerley

Download or read book The Reception of John Chrysostom in Early Modern Europe written by Sam Kennerley and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-12-31 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Reception of John Chrysostom in Early Modern Europe explores when, how, why, and by whom one of the most influential Fathers of the Greek Church was translated and read during a particularly significant period in the reception of his works. This was the period between the first Neo-Latin translation of Chrysostom in 1417 and the final volume of Fronton du Duc’s Greek-Latin edition in 1624, years in which readers and translators from Renaissance Italy, the Byzantine Empire, and the Basel, Paris, and Rome of a newly-confessionalised Europe found in Chrysostom everything from a guide to Latin oratory, to a model interpreter of Paul. By drawing on evidence that ranges from Greek manuscripts to conciliar acts, this book contextualises the hundreds of translations and editions of Chrysostom that were produced in Europe between 1417 and 1624, while demonstrating the lasting impact of these works on scholarship about this Church Father today.

The Republic of Arabic Letters

Author : Alexander Bevilacqua
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674985672
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis The Republic of Arabic Letters by : Alexander Bevilacqua

Download or read book The Republic of Arabic Letters written by Alexander Bevilacqua and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-23 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Herbert Baxter Adams Prize A Longman–History Today Book Prize Finalist A Sheik Zayed Book Award Finalist Winner of the Thomas J. Wilson Memorial Prize A Times Literary Supplement Book of the Year “Deeply thoughtful...A delight.”—The Economist “[A] tour de force...Bevilacqua’s extraordinary book provides the first true glimpse into this story...He, like the tradition he describes, is a rarity.” —New Republic In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, a pioneering community of Western scholars laid the groundwork for the modern understanding of Islamic civilization. They produced the first accurate translation of the Qur’an, mapped Islamic arts and sciences, and wrote Muslim history using Arabic sources. The Republic of Arabic Letters is the first account of this riveting lost period of cultural exchange, revealing the profound influence of Catholic and Protestant intellectuals on the Enlightenment understanding of Islam. “A closely researched and engrossing study of...those scholars who, having learned Arabic, used their mastery of that difficult language to interpret the Quran, study the career of Muhammad...and introduce Europeans to the masterpieces of Arabic literature.” —Robert Irwin, Wall Street Journal “Fascinating, eloquent, and learned, The Republic of Arabic Letters reveals a world later lost, in which European scholars studied Islam with a sense of affinity and respect...A powerful reminder of the ability of scholarship to transcend cultural divides, and the capacity of human minds to accept differences without denouncing them.” —Maya Jasanoff “What makes his study so groundbreaking, and such a joy to read, is the connection he makes between intellectual history and the material history of books.” —Financial Times

A Commerce of Knowledge

Author : Simon Mills
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192576674
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis A Commerce of Knowledge by : Simon Mills

Download or read book A Commerce of Knowledge written by Simon Mills and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Commerce of Knowledge tells the story of three generations of Church of England chaplains who served the English Levant Company in Syria during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Reconstructing the careers of its protagonists in the cosmopolitan city of Ottoman Aleppo, Simon Mills investigates the links between English commercial and diplomatic expansion, and English scholarly and missionary interests: the study of Middle-Eastern languages; the exploration of biblical and Greco-Roman antiquities; and the early dissemination of Protestant literature in Arabic. Early modern Orientalism is usually conceived as an episode in the history of scholarship. By shifting the focus to Aleppo, A Commerce of Knowledge brings to light the connections between the seemingly separate worlds, tracing the emergence of new kinds of philological and archaeological enquiry in England back to a series of real-world encounters between the chaplains and the scribes, booksellers, priests, rabbis, and sheikhs they encountered in the Ottoman Empire. Setting the careers of its protagonists against a background of broader developments across Protestant and Catholic Europe, Mills shows how the institutionalization of English scholarship, and the later English attempt to influence the Eastern Christian churches, were bound up with the international struggle to establish a commercial foothold in the Levant. He argues that these connections would endure until the shift of British commercial and imperial interests to the Indian subcontinent in the second half of the eighteenth century fostered new currents of intellectual life at home.

The Emergence of Impartiality

Author : Kathryn Murphy
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004260846
Total Pages : 463 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis The Emergence of Impartiality by : Kathryn Murphy

Download or read book The Emergence of Impartiality written by Kathryn Murphy and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2013-10-24 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume exposes the contested history of a virtue so central to modern disciplines and public discourse that it can seem universal. The essays gathered here, however, demonstrate the emergence of impartiality. From the early seventeenth century, the new epithet ‘impartial’ appears prominently in a wide range of publications. Contributors trace impartiality in various fields: from news publications and polemical pamphlets to moral philosophy and historical dictionaries, from poetry and drama to natural history, in a broad European context and against the backdrop of religious and civil conflicts. Cumulatively, the volume suggests that the emergence of impartiality is implicated in the period’s epochal shifts in epistemology and science, religious and political discourse, print culture, and scholarship. Contributors include: Jörg Jochen Berns, Tamás Demeter, Derek Dunne, Anne Eusterschulte, Christine Gerrard, Rainer Godel, N.J.S. Hardy, Rhodri Lewis, Hanns-Peter Neumann, Joad Raymond, Bernd Roling, Bastian Ronge, Richard Scholar, Nathaniel Stogdill, Anita Traninger, and Anja Zimmermann.

Clandestine Philosophy

Author : Gianni Paganini
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 1487504616
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (875 download)

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Book Synopsis Clandestine Philosophy by : Gianni Paganini

Download or read book Clandestine Philosophy written by Gianni Paganini and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2020-02-11 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clandestine Philosophy is the first work in English entirely focused on the philosophical clandestine manuscripts that preceded and accompanied the birth of the Enlightenment.

Notebooks, English Virtuosi, and Early Modern Science

Author : Richard Yeo
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022610673X
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Notebooks, English Virtuosi, and Early Modern Science by : Richard Yeo

Download or read book Notebooks, English Virtuosi, and Early Modern Science written by Richard Yeo and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-03-01 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Notebooks, English Virtuosi, and Early Modern Science, Richard Yeo interprets a relatively unexplored set of primary archival sources: the notes and notebooks of some of the leading figures of the Scientific Revolution. Notebooks were important to several key members of the Royal Society of London, including Robert Boyle, John Evelyn, Robert Hooke, John Locke, and others, who drew on Renaissance humanist techniques of excerpting from texts to build storehouses of proverbs, maxims, quotations, and other material in personal notebooks, or commonplace books. Yeo shows that these men appreciated the value of their own notes both as powerful tools for personal recollection, and, following Francis Bacon, as a system of precise record keeping from which they could retrieve large quantities of detailed information for collaboration. The virtuosi of the seventeenth century were also able to reach beyond Bacon and the humanists, drawing inspiration from the ancient Hippocratic medical tradition and its emphasis on the gradual accumulation of information over time. By reflecting on the interaction of memory, notebooks, and other records, Yeo argues, the English virtuosi shaped an ethos of long-term empirical scientific inquiry.

Renaissance Transformations

Author : Margaret Healy
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
ISBN 13 : 0748642102
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (486 download)

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Book Synopsis Renaissance Transformations by : Margaret Healy

Download or read book Renaissance Transformations written by Margaret Healy and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2009-10-05 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renaissance Transformations: The Making of English Writing 1500-1650 asserts the centrality of historical understanding in shaping critical vision. This collection of distinctive new essays explores the dynamic cultural, intellectual and social processes that moulded literary writing in the Renaissance. Acutely attentive to the complexities that we confront in our attempts to understand the past, this book explores important relations among literary form, material and imaginative culture which compel our attention in the twenty-first century. Addressing three crucial areas at the forefront of current academic inquiry - 'Making Writing: Form, Rhetoric and Print Culture', 'Shaping Communities: Textual Spaces, Mapping History' and 'Embodying Change: Psychic and Somatic Performances' - this innovative, timely volume is of fundamental importance to all those who study and teach Renaissance literature, history and culture. Contributors are Danielle Clarke, Andrew Hadfield, Margaret Healy, Thomas Healy, Bernhard Klein, Michelle O'Callaghan, Neil Rhodes, Jennifer Richards Michael Schoenfeldt, William Sherman, Alan Stewart, and Susan Wiseman.

The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint

Author : Alison G. Salvesen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191644005
Total Pages : 776 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint by : Alison G. Salvesen

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint written by Alison G. Salvesen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-26 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Septuagint is the term commonly used to refer to the corpus of early Greek versions of Hebrew Scriptures. The collection is of immense importance in the history of both Judaism and Christianity. The renderings of individual books attest to the religious interests of the substantial Jewish population of Egypt during the Hellenistic and Roman periods, and to the development of the Greek language in its Koine phase. The narrative ascribing the Septuagint's origins to the work of seventy translators in Alexandria attained legendary status among both Jews and Christians. The Septuagint was the version of Scripture most familiar to the writers of the New Testament, and became the authoritative Old Testament of the Greek and Latin Churches. In the early centuries of Christianity it was itself translated into several other languages, and it has had a continuing influence on the style and content of biblical translations. The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint features contributions from leading experts in the field considering the history and manuscript transmission of the version, and the study of translation technique and textual criticism. The collection provides surveys of previous and current research on individual books of the Septuagint corpus, on alternative Jewish Greek versions, the Christian 'daughter' translations, and reception in early Jewish and Christian writers. The Handbook also includes several conversations with related fields of interest such as New Testament studies, liturgy, and art history.