Diary of a Bomb Aimer

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Author :
Publisher : Casemate Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1844684229
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Diary of a Bomb Aimer by : Campbell Muirhead

Download or read book Diary of a Bomb Aimer written by Campbell Muirhead and published by Casemate Publishers. This book was released on 2009-11-19 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Campbell Muirhead kept a meticulous diary of his wartime RAF service from the day that he set forth to train as a pilot in Canada and the USA in 1942 to the end of his wartime service with 12 Squadron Bomber Command. He was unable to pass the flying course and decided to retrain as a bomber because he wished to become operational as soon as possible. The book is particularly emotive as he wrote in the common parlance of those wartime days and truly reflects the emotions, fears and feelings of those caught up in that mighty conflict. His diligent observations of life in the RAF from joining-up, crossing the Atlantic, training in the New World bring back wartime life as it really was. His descriptions of the perils of flying on bombing raids deep into the heart of Germany truly reflect the many different aspects of life in a front-line squadron in a way that can only be told by one who was there.

The Diary of a Bomb Aimer

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Author :
Publisher : Spellmount, Limited Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9780946771752
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (717 download)

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Book Synopsis The Diary of a Bomb Aimer by : Campbell Muirhead

Download or read book The Diary of a Bomb Aimer written by Campbell Muirhead and published by Spellmount, Limited Publishers. This book was released on 1987 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Campbell Muirhead kept a meticulous diary of his wartime RAF service from the day that he set forth to train as a pilot in Canada and the USA in 1942 to the end of his wartime service with 12 Squadron Bomber Command. He was unable to pass the flying course and decided to retrain as a bomber because he wished to become operational as soon as possible. The book is particularly emotive as he wrote in the common parlance of those wartime days and truly reflects the emotions, fears and feelings of those caught up in that mighty conflict. His diligent observations of life in the RAF from joining-up, crossing the Atlantic, training in the New World bring back wartime life as it really was. His descriptions of the perils of flying on bombing raids deep into the heart of Germany truly reflect the many different aspects of life in a front-line squadron in a way that can only be told by one who was there.

Tail-End Charlies

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Author :
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9780312378066
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Tail-End Charlies by : John Nichol

Download or read book Tail-End Charlies written by John Nichol and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2008-04 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Night after night they stifled their fears and flew through flak and packs of enemy fighters to drop the bombs that would demolish the Third Reich. The airmen of the United States 8th Army Air ForceAmerican and British Bomber Command were among the greatest heroes of the Second World War, defying Hitler in the darkest early days of the war and taking the battle to the German homeland when no one else would. Toward the end of the conflict, too, they continued to sacrifice their lives to shatter an enemy sworn never to surrender. Blasted out of the sky in an instant or bailing out from burning aircraft to drop helplessly into hostile hands, they would die in their tens of thousands to ensure the enemy's defeat. Especially vulnerable were the "tail-end Charlies"---for the Americans, which meant two things: the gunners who flew countless missions in a plexiglass bubble at the back of the bomber, and the last bomber in the formation who ended up flying through the most hell, and for the British, the rear-gunners who flew operations in a Plexiglas bubble at the back of the bomber. Following their groundbreaking revelations about the ordeals suffered by Allied prisoners of war in their bestselling book, The Last Escape, John Nichol and Tony Rennell tell the astonishing and deeply moving story of the controversial last battles in the skies of Germany through the eyes of the forgotten heroes who fought them. "This is the best account that has been written of the heroic American and British bomber crews . . . the best of its kind." ---George McGovern "Rivaling the best of Stephen Ambrose's work, Tail-End Charlies gives a breathtakingly intimate look at the lives, loves, and deaths of the brave airmen of the greatest generation. This fascinating book is as valuable for its stories of joyous life on the ground as it is for its sobering tales of death in the air. You see the whole picture of the war here from the eyes of the strong young men who fought it." ---Walter J. Boyne, bestselling author of Beyond the Wild Blue "Adds new dimensions to the saga of the air war in Europe. The eyewitness accounts, reported within the context of the battle against Nazi Germany, provide a sense of the ordeals, the terror, the gore, and the heroism of ordinary men thrust into the savagery of aerial combat." ---Gerald Astor, author of The Mighty Eighth

The Necessary War, Volume 1

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Author :
Publisher : Penguin Canada
ISBN 13 : 014319304X
Total Pages : 734 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis The Necessary War, Volume 1 by : Tim Cook

Download or read book The Necessary War, Volume 1 written by Tim Cook and published by Penguin Canada. This book was released on 2014-09-09 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Co-winner of the 2014-2015 Charles P. Stacey Award Tim Cook, Canada’s leading war historian, ventures deep into World War Two in this epic two-volume story of heroism and horror, of loss and longing, sacrifice and endurance. Written in Cook’s compelling narrative style, this book shows in impressive detail how soldiers, airmen, and sailors fought—the evolving tactics, weapons of war, logistics, and technology. It gauges Canadian effectiveness against the skilled enemy whom they confronted in battlefields from 1939 to 1943, from the sweltering heat of Sicily to the frigid North Atlantic, and from the urban warfare of Ortona to the dark skies over Germany. The Necessary War examines the equally important factors of morale, discipline, and fortitude of the Canadian citizen-soldiers. The war was an engine of transformation for Canada. With a population of fewer than twelve million, Canada embraced its role as an arsenal of democracy, exporting war supplies, feeding its allies, and raising a million-strong armed forces that served and fought in nearly every theatre of war. The nation was mobilized like never before in the fight to preserve the liberal democratic order. The six-year-long exertion caused disruption, provoked nationwide industrialization, ushered in changes to gender roles, exacerbated the tension between English and French, and forged a new sense of Canadian identity. Canadians were willing to bear almost any burden and to pay the ultimate price in the pursuit of victory. As with his award-winning two-volume series on WWI, Tim Cook uses original sources, letters from soldiers, rare documents, and maps of battlefields to illustrate the contributions and sacrifices made by what is often called the greatest generation. Magisterial in its scope, The Necessary War illuminates Canada’s past as never before. From the Western Front to the home front, Canadians served many roles in a war that had to be fought and won.

Bomb Aimer Over Berlin

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Author :
Publisher : Pen and Sword
ISBN 13 : 1473812550
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (738 download)

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Book Synopsis Bomb Aimer Over Berlin by : Les Bartlett

Download or read book Bomb Aimer Over Berlin written by Les Bartlett and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2007-09-20 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les Bartlett has become one of the great characters of World War II history. He flew as bomb aimer with the then Flying Officer Michael Beetham, who later became Marshal of the Royal Air Force. At that time he was a sergeant but gained his commission in April 1944 and flew his tour, including 27 raids over Germany and France between November 1943 and May 1944. On his second operation his aircraft was attacked by a Ju 88, leaving it with no flaps or brakes—a crash landing at Wittering ensued. At the end of his third mission they found the whole of Lincolnshire fogbound and eventually landed at RAF Melbourne in Yorkshire just before that airfield was closed also because of the fog. His aircraft was hit in the wing by a 30lb incendiary bomb dropped by another Lancaster flying above them on his sixth operation—but they survived. On his twelfth operation to Leipzig he used the nose guns to destroy a Ju 88 night fighter, for which he was awarded the DFM. In February 1944 the port outer engine caught fire and the crew baled out. Les was then posted as Assistant Adjutant to RAF Thornaby.

Lancaster

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Publisher : John Murray
ISBN 13 : 1848543557
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (485 download)

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Book Synopsis Lancaster by : Leo McKinstry

Download or read book Lancaster written by Leo McKinstry and published by John Murray. This book was released on 2009-09-03 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Spitfire and the Lancaster were the two RAF weapons of victory in the Second World War, but the glamour of the fighter has tended to overshadow the performance of the heavy bomber. Yet without the Lancaster, Britain would never have been able to take the fight to the German homeland. Highlights the scale of the bomber?s achievements, including the famous Dambusters attacks. With its vast bomb bay, ease of handling and surprising speed, the mighty Lancaster transformed the effectiveness of the Bomber Command. Whilst addressing the political controversy surrounding the bombing offensive against Germany, Leo McKinstry also weaves individual tales into this compelling narrative. Rich characters are brought to life, such as Roy Chadwick the designer, who taught himself engineering at night school and Sir Arthur Harris, the austere head of the Bomber Command. This is a rich saga, a story of triumph over disaster and the history of an iconic plane.

A Pathfinder's Story

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Publisher : Casemate Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1781594589
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (815 download)

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Book Synopsis A Pathfinder's Story by : W. W. Robinson

Download or read book A Pathfinder's Story written by W. W. Robinson and published by Casemate Publishers. This book was released on 2007-11-12 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When he died in 1946, Flight Lieutenant Jack Mossop left behind a widow and child, a chest full of medals, and a diary. He was 25 years old. The diary gave tantalizing glimpses of his career; sixty years on, his son has uncovered the truth. It is the story of an ordinary Durham lad called upon to perform extraordinary deeds.Serving initially as a Wireless Operator in 49 Squadron, he progressed to 76 Squadron under the legendary Leonard Cheshire, and finished as a Deputy Master Bomber with the elite Pathfinder Group in 35 Squadron.To complete even one tour of duty was against the odds. To complete a second and then to volunteer for a third was nigh-on incredible. Small wonder that one of his crewmates called him The bravest man I ever knew. It is all the more tragic that he died a civilians death on board a BOAC Lancastrian after the war, in suspicious circumstances, which attracted the attention of the Prime Minister himself.Jack saw most of the great actions of Bomber Command, from the 1,000 bomber raids of 1942, to the Battles of the Ruhr and Berlin in 1943, and the daylight operations of Normandy before and after D-Day. His story stands as a microcosm of the entire bomber campaign. Bill Robinsons account is a fascinating and stirring account of courage in war: a tribute not only to one mans courage, but also to the courage of the nameless thousands whose stories will now never be told.

The Army Quarterly and Defence Journal

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Army Quarterly and Defence Journal by :

Download or read book The Army Quarterly and Defence Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Relentless Pursuit of Peace

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Author :
Publisher : Legend Press Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1917163835
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis The Relentless Pursuit of Peace by : Max Coates

Download or read book The Relentless Pursuit of Peace written by Max Coates and published by Legend Press Ltd. This book was released on 2024-06-13 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mental Health is very much on the agenda. This book demystifies a lot of the issues that can affect the majority. It shows how small changes can bring significantly better outcomes.

Flying against Fate

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Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 0700624694
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Flying against Fate by : S. P. MacKenzie

Download or read book Flying against Fate written by S. P. MacKenzie and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2017-08-04 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During World War II, Allied casualty rates in the air were high. Of the roughly 125,000 who served as aircrew with Bomber Command, 59,423 were killed or missing and presumed killed—a fatality rate of 45.5%. With odds like that, it would be no surprise if there were as few atheists in cockpits as there were in foxholes; and indeed, many airmen faced their dangerous missions with beliefs and rituals ranging from the traditional to the outlandish. Military historian S. P. MacKenzie considers this phenomenon in Flying against Fate, a pioneering study of the important role that superstition played in combat flier morale among the Allies in World War II. Mining a wealth of documents as well as a trove of published and unpublished memoirs and diaries, MacKenzie examines the myriad forms combat fliers' superstitions assumed, from jinxes to premonitions. Most commonly, airmen carried amulets or talismans—lucky boots or a stuffed toy; a coin whose year numbers added up to thirteen; counterintuitively, a boomerang. Some performed rituals or avoided other acts, e.g., having a photo taken before a flight. Whatever seemed to work was worth sticking with, and a heightened risk often meant an upsurge in superstitious thought and behavior. MacKenzie delves into behavior analysis studies to help explain the psychology behind much of the behavior he documents—not slighting the large cohort of crew members and commanders who demurred. He also looks into the ways in which superstitious behavior was tolerated or even encouraged by those in command who saw it as a means of buttressing morale. The first in-depth exploration of just how varied and deeply felt superstitious beliefs were to tens of thousands of combat fliers, Flying against Fate expands our understanding of a major aspect of the psychology of war in the air and of World War II.

Aspects of Lincoln

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Author :
Publisher : Wharncliffe
ISBN 13 : 1903425042
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Aspects of Lincoln by : Andrew Walker

Download or read book Aspects of Lincoln written by Andrew Walker and published by Wharncliffe. This book was released on 2002-06-14 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aspects of Lincoln, is the first in the widely acclaimed Aspects series to feature the City of Lincoln. However the Aspects series now extends from the east and west Midlands, up to Lancaster in the north-west and the north Yorkshire coast in the east.Aspects of Lincoln, is a multi author book containing 12 pinpoint historical essays covering such diverse subjects as: Cinemas and Cinema Going in 20th Century Lincoln, Getting Drunk in 17th Century Lincoln, the story of Emily Gilbert, motoring pioneer and first woman sheriff of Lincoln. No story of Lincoln would be complete without Royal Air Force Bomber Command during World War 2, and here, we examine the social impact of the airfields and their staff on both City and County. In a more peaceful vein, we study the work of artist Peter de Wint and the importance of his works, now held in the Usher Gallery. Elsewhere we encounter the development of technical education in the City and remember the plight of those imprisoned in Lincoln's jails during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. These and much much more are to be found between the covers of Aspects of Lincoln. A treasury of history, both for the armchair historian and the student alike.

Stout Hearts

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Publisher : Helion and Company
ISBN 13 : 1911096907
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Stout Hearts by : Ben Kite

Download or read book Stout Hearts written by Ben Kite and published by Helion and Company. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “At last a book has been written that forensically examines how the British Armed Forces fought its way through Normandy . . . utterly absorbing.” —James Holland, bestselling author of Brothers in Arms Stout Hearts is a book which offers an entirely new perspective on the British Army in Normandy. This fresh study explores the anatomy of war through the Army’s operations in the summer of 1944, informing and entertaining the general nonfiction reader as well as students of military history. There have been so many books written on Normandy that the publication of another one might appear superfluous. However most books have focused on narrating the conduct of the battle, describing the factors that influenced its outcome, or debating the relative merits of the armies and their generals. What was missing from the existing body of work on Normandy specifically and the Second World War generally is a book that explains how an army actually operates in war and what it was like for those involved; Stout Hearts fills this gap. Stout Hearts is essential reading for those who wish to understand the “mechanics” of battle. How does an Army care for its wounded? How do combat engineers cross obstacles? How do tanks fight? How do Air and Naval Forces support the Army? But to understand what makes an Army “tick” you must also understand its people. Therefore explanations of tactics and techniques are not only well illustrated with excellent photographs and high quality maps but also effectively combined with relevant accounts from the combatants themselves. These dramatic stories of ordinary people doing extraordinary things are the strength of the book, bringing the campaign to life and entertaining the reader.

Bombing Germany: The Final Phase

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Publisher : Pen and Sword
ISBN 13 : 1473823544
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (738 download)

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Book Synopsis Bombing Germany: The Final Phase by : Tony Redding

Download or read book Bombing Germany: The Final Phase written by Tony Redding and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2015-02-28 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During 1942 and 1943 the striking power of RAF Bomber Command was transformed by the arrival of heavy bombers, advanced navigation and blind bombing systems, and new tactics to concentrate the bombers over the target and swamp the German defences. By October 1944 most of Germany's cities were in ruins, yet the bombing continued to intensify, reaching unprecedented levels in the final seven months of the air campaign. The value of further area raids was questioned during the opening months of 1945, yet the Allies destroyed the remaining cities in a bid to hasten the end of the war. The handful of German cities still largely unscathed in early February 1945 included Dresden, which was obliterated on 13 February. Ten days later, the South German city of Pforzheim was destined to suffer the same fate.??This book commemorates the efforts of the aircrew members who risked their lives, consolidating a host of intriguing first-hand accounts. It also considers Pforzheim as a representative community under National Socialist rule. The city's survivors remember the horror of the raid and its aftermath, including eventual occupation by French Colonial troops and, subsequently, American forces. Tony does an admirable job of presenting historical context when considering actions in times of extreme trauma and his narrative offers an intriguing, engaging and poignant evocation of the closing months of Bomber Command's war.

Air Power

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Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1442250976
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Air Power by : Jeremy Black

Download or read book Air Power written by Jeremy Black and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2016-03-10 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential book offers a compelling and original interpretation of the rise of military aviation. Jeremy Black, one of the world’s finest scholars of military history, provides a lucid analysis of the use of airpower over land and sea both during the two world wars and the more limited wars of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Considering both the theory and praxis of air power, the author begins with hot air balloons, and then highlights the use of zeppelins, piston engine fighters, jet bombers, and finally the so-called Military Revolution of today. While discussing the growth of American and European military aviation, Black, a pioneer in emphasizing the importance of non-Western military history for understanding global developments, also traces the emergence of air power in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Black breaks new ground by exploring not only to conventional war—both inside and outside Europe—but also to the use of air power in unconventional wars, especially critical given to the spread of insurgencies around the globe. He vividly describes traditional debates over the pros and cons of strategic bombing and aircraft carriers versus battleships and gives equal attention to managerial, doctrinal, and technological innovations. The author shows how better management resulted in increasing lethality of close air support of the RAF during the latter part of World War II and at the same times highlights the limits of air power with case studies of the two Gulf Wars. The author goes beyond our traditional understanding of air power associated with bombing and fighter engagements, adding the important elements associated with naval power, including ground/logistics support, anti-aircraft measures, and political constraints. As he explains, air power has become Western politicians’ weapon of choice, spreading maximum destruction with the minimum of commitment. His current and comprehensive study considers how we got to this point, and what the future has in store. Anyone seeking a balanced, accurate understanding of air power in history will find this book an essential introduction.

Joey Jacobson's War

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Author :
Publisher : Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press
ISBN 13 : 1771123443
Total Pages : 575 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (711 download)

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Book Synopsis Joey Jacobson's War by : Peter J. Usher

Download or read book Joey Jacobson's War written by Peter J. Usher and published by Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. This book was released on 2018-01-26 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the spring of 1940 Canada sent hundreds of highly trained volunteers to serve in Britain's Royal Air Force as it began a concerted bombing campaign against Germany. Nearly half of them were killed or captured within a year. This is the story of one of those airmen, as told through his own letters and diaries as well as those of his family and friends. Joey Jacobson, a young Jewish man from Westmount on the Island of Montreal, trained as a navigator and bomb-aimer in Western Canada. On arriving in England he was assigned to No. 106 Squadron, a British unit tasked with the bombing of Germany. Joey Jacobson’s War tells, in his own words, why he enlisted, his understanding of strategy, tactics, and the effectiveness of the air war at its lowest point, how he responded to the inevitable battle stress, and how he became both a hopeful idealist and a seasoned airman. Jacobson's written legacy as a serviceman is impressive in scope and depth and provides a lively and intimate account of a Jewish Canadian's life in the air and on the ground, written in the intensity of the moment, unfiltered by the memoirist's reflection, revision, or hindsight. Accompanying excerpts from his father's diary show the maturation of the relationship between father and son in a dangerous time.

Bomber Boys on Screen

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Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350024872
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Bomber Boys on Screen by : S. P. MacKenzie

Download or read book Bomber Boys on Screen written by S. P. MacKenzie and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Second World War, depictions of Royal Air Force operations in film and television drama have become so numerous that they make up a genre worthy of scholarly attention. In this illuminating study, S. P. MacKenzie explores the different ways in which the men of RAF Bomber Command have been represented in dramatic form on the big and small screen from the war years to the present day. Bomber Boys on Screen is the first in-depth study of how and why the screen-drama image of those who flew, those who directed them, and those who provided support for RAF bomber operations has changed over time, sometimes in contested circumstances. Until now dramas that focus on Bomber Command have tended to be mentioned only in passing or studied in isolation, despite the prevalence of surveys of both the British war film genre and of aviation cinema. In Bomber Boys on Screen MacKenzie examines the development, presentation, and reception of significant dramas on a decade-by-decade basis. Titles from the beginning of the war (The Lion Has Wings, 1939) to the start of new century (Bomber's Moon, 2014) are situated in the context of technical possibilities and limitations, evolving social and cultural norms in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, and the development of moral and utilitarian controversies surrounding the wartime bomber offensive directed against Nazi Germany. While the focus is on feature films and television plays, reference is also made to documentaries, memorials, veterans' organizations, book titles, war comics, and other representations of the war fought by Bomber Command.

Battle of Berlin

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Author :
Publisher : Air World
ISBN 13 : 1526786419
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis Battle of Berlin by : Martin W Bowman

Download or read book Battle of Berlin written by Martin W Bowman and published by Air World. This book was released on 2020-05-30 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Battle of Berlin, the bombing of the ‘Big City’ as it was known to the crews of RAF Bomber Command, raged from 18 November 1943 to the end of the war in Europe in 1945. It is recalled here both by those in the air over capital of the Third Reich, as well as those who suffered under the bombing onslaught. At the start of the Battle of Berlin, Sir Arthur Harris had predicted that the ‘Big City’ would ‘cost between 400-500 aircraft’, but that it would also ‘cost Germany the war’. He was proved wrong on both counts. Berlin was not ‘wrecked from end to end’, as Harris predicted on 3 November 1943 – ‘if the USAAF will come in on it’ – although a considerable part of it was destroyed. And the ‘Main Battle of Berlin’ did not cost Germany the war; a grinding land campaign had yet to be fought. More than 9,000 bombing sorties were flown during the battle on round trips of about 1,200 miles to Berlin and back. Berlin was bombed by four Allied air forces between 1940 and 1945. British bombers alone dropped 45,517 tons of bombs, whilst the Americans a further 23,000 tons. By 1944, some 1.2 million people, 790,000 of them women and children, about a quarter of Berlin’s population, had been evacuated to rural areas. An effort was made to evacuate all children from Berlin, but this was defeated by parents and many evacuees who soon made their way back to the city. However, by May 1945, 1.7 million people – 40% of the population – had fled the city. This fitting tribute to those who died in the relentless struggle to knock Berlin, and hopefully Germany, out of the war resonates with eyewitness accounts and background information which the author has painstakingly investigated and researched. The result is a hugely fascinating and highly readable narrative containing very real and unique observations by British and Commonwealth aircrew and, equally importantly, the long-suffering citizens of Berlin, and well as the capital’s defenders. Up to the end of March 1945, there had been a total of 314 air raids on Berlin, eighty-five of these in the last twelve months. Estimates of the total number of dead in Berlin from air raids range from 20,000 to 50,000; the relatively low casualty figure in Berlin is partly the result of the city’s formidable air defenses and shelters. The Battle of Berlin was not a defeat in absolute terms, but in the operational sense it was an offensive that Air Marshal Sir Arthur Harris and his aircrews could not win. ‘Berlin won’ concluded Sir Ralph Cochrane, the Air Officer Commanding 5 Group RAF Bomber Command. ‘It was just too tough a nut.’