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Development Of Simple Performance Tests Using Laboratory Test Procedures To Illustrate The Effects Of Moisture Damage On Hot Mix Asphalt
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Book Synopsis Development of Simple Performance Tests Using Laboratory Test Procedures to Illustrate the Effects of Moisture Damage on Hot Mix Asphalt by : Jason Bausano
Download or read book Development of Simple Performance Tests Using Laboratory Test Procedures to Illustrate the Effects of Moisture Damage on Hot Mix Asphalt written by Jason Bausano and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been extensively documented since the late 1970's that moisture damage occurs in hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements. A variety of test methods are available that test an HMA's ability to resist moisture sensitivity. There are also some test methods that look at an asphalt binder's moisture susceptibility. The current test method for detecting moisture sensitivity in HMA is American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) T283: Resistance of Compacted Bituminous Mixture to Moisture-Induced Damage. Inclusion of this test method in Superpave did not consider the change in specimen size from 100mm to 150mm nor difference in compaction method. The procedures in AASHTO T283 consider the loss of strength due to freeze/thaw cycling and the effects of moisture existing in specimens compared to unconditional specimens. However, mixtures do not experience such a pure phenomenon. Pavements undergo cycling of environmental conditions, but when moisture is present, there is repeated hydraulic loading with the development of pore pressure in mixtures. Thus, AASHTO T283 does not consider the effect of pore pressure, but rather considers a single load effect on environmentally conditioned specimens. This report develops moisture susceptibility procedures which would utilize repeated loading test devices (dynamic modulus or asphalt pavement analyzer) of specimens in saturated conditions and be compared to unconditioned specimens in a dry test environment. In addition to HMA mixture testing, a modified dynamic shear rheometer will be used to determine if an asphalt binder or mastic is moisture susceptible. Moisture susceptible criteria was developed using the dynamic complex modulus, asphalt pavement analyzer, and dynamic shear rheometer. Evaluation of AASHTO T283 for 150mm Superpave Gyrtaory compacted specimens is also detailed in this report along with a new criterion.
Book Synopsis Improved Conditioning and Testing Procedures for HMA Moisture Susceptibility by : Mansour Solaimanian
Download or read book Improved Conditioning and Testing Procedures for HMA Moisture Susceptibility written by Mansour Solaimanian and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2007 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores whether combining the environmental conditioning system with the simple performance test would provide a superior procedure for determining the moisture susceptibility of hot-mix asphalt (HMA).
Book Synopsis A Manual for Design of Hot Mix Asphalt with Commentary by :
Download or read book A Manual for Design of Hot Mix Asphalt with Commentary written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2011 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Performance Tests for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Including Fundamental and Empirical Procedures by : Louay Nadhim Mohammad
Download or read book Performance Tests for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Including Fundamental and Empirical Procedures written by Louay Nadhim Mohammad and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2006 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Testing Conditions on Laboratory Moisture Test for Asphalt Mixtures by : Junyan Yi
Download or read book Effect of Testing Conditions on Laboratory Moisture Test for Asphalt Mixtures written by Junyan Yi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moisture damage is one of the major causes of premature failure in asphalt pavements, and it also accelerates the severity of other distresses. To date, no moisture test has been widely accepted that is reliable and practical in predicting the field moisture performance of the asphalt mix during the design stage. One reason is because the sample conditioning methods cannot represent the field conditions, resulting in inconsistent results with the field performance of some mixtures. Taken into account this concern, this paper investigates how different testing conditions, including sample preparation, moisture saturation, and loading methods, can affect the results of laboratory moisture tests. In conclusion, it is found that the degree of vacuum pressure for achieving moisture saturation and air voids distribution has a significant impact on the moisture testing results. Multiple freeze-thaw cycles have a limited effect on the variation of mechanical performance (i.e., compressive dynamic modulus). If one or several freeze-thaw cycles are to be used in a moisture test, the effect of aging should be considered. It is recommended that a sample without coring and cutting should be used for a moisture test as the coring and cutting process is found to change the air voids distribution, i.e., the percent of connected air voids, thus making the sample not representative to the field condition. Finally, the moisture test results are more sensitive under tension mode than under compression mode.
Book Synopsis Long and Deep Tunnels by : Vittorio Guglielmetti
Download or read book Long and Deep Tunnels written by Vittorio Guglielmetti and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 1336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design and construction of “long and deep” tunnels, i.e. tunnels under mountains, characterised by either considerable length and/or overburden, represent a considerable challenge. The scope of this book is not to instruct how to design and construct such tunnels but to share a method to identify the potential hazards related to the process of designing and constructing long and deep tunnels, to produce a relevant comprehensive analysis and listing, to quantify the probability and consequences, and to design proper mitigation measures and countermeasures. The design, developed using probabilistic methods, is verified during execution by means of the so called Plan for Advance of the Tunnel (PAT) method, which allows adapting the design and control parameters of the future stretches of the tunnel to the results of the stretches already finished, using the monitoring data base. Numerous criteria are given to identify the key parameters, necessary for the PAT procedure. Best practices of excavation management with the help of real time monitoring and control are also provided. Furthermore cost and time evaluation systems are analysed. Finally, contractual aspects related to construction by contract are investigated, for best development and application of models more appropriate for tunnelling-construction contracts. The work will be of interest to practising engineers, designers, consultants and students in mining, underground, tunnelling, transportation and construction engineering, as well as to foundation and geological engineers, urban planners/developers and architects.
Book Synopsis Developing Simple Lab Test to Evaluate HMA Resistance to Moisture, Rutting, Thermal Cracking Distress by : Feng Zhu
Download or read book Developing Simple Lab Test to Evaluate HMA Resistance to Moisture, Rutting, Thermal Cracking Distress written by Feng Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pavement distresses including stripping, rutting, and low temperature cracking have been known to greatly decrease the service life of pavement. The simple laboratory tests are used to measure HMA's (Hot Mix Asphalt) fundamental engineering properties that can be linked back to the pavement distress-prediction models. It is envisioned that these simple laboratory tests would play a key role in the quality control of HMA mixtures. To minimize premature pavement distresses, it is imperative to investigate the relationship between the simple laboratory tests and pavement distresses. Moisture induced damage in asphalt concrete pavement, better known as stripping, is a primary cause of distresses in the Hot Mix Asphalt layer. AASHTO T 283 has historically been used to detect moisture damage of asphalt mixes. This method is established for the Marshall mix design process. However, the current hot mix asphalt design calls for the use of Superpave mix design procedure using the Superpave Gyratory Compactor. The differences in the mix design methods will most likely introduce significant differences in stripping test results. Therefore, there is a need to improve the AASHTO T 283 test procedure and to develop the new criterion for the Superpave HMA specimen's susceptibility to moisture damage. The experimental test program is divided into two parts: one part is a complete factorial experimental program for two aggregate sources with virgin asphalt binder, the second part is a partial factorial experimental program for the other two aggregate sources with polymer modified asphalt binders. The complete factorial experiment is used to identify and evaluate the contributions of the individual factors, along with all the possible interactions among the various factors. The partial factorial experiment, on the other hand, is used for validating findings from complete factorial experimental results. In the data analysis, the effects of different factors on dry tensile strength, freeze-thaw conditioned tensile strength, and tensile strength ratio (TSR) are investigated in this research. The effects of all the factors investigated in this research are summarized in this research. The recommendations for the proposed stripping test procedure for Superpave HMA are given finally. Rutting and low temperature cracking are also primary failure modes of Hot Mix Asphalt pavements. In the mid-1980s, polymer-modified asphalt concrete mixture has been widely used to minimize rutting and low temperature cracking failures of flexible pavement. In this research, three polymer modifiers are used in the laboratory test. The influences of the modifiers to rutting resistance and low temperature cracking resistance are investigated and regression procedures are performed in an attempt to develop mathematical relationships between pavement distresses properties and HMA's physical properties and strength properties obtained from the simple laboratory tests.
Book Synopsis Aggregate Properties and the Performance of Superpave-designed Hot Mix Asphalt by : Brian D. Prowell
Download or read book Aggregate Properties and the Performance of Superpave-designed Hot Mix Asphalt written by Brian D. Prowell and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2005 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Innovative Assessment Tests and Indicators for Performance-based Asphalt Mix Design by : Hamza Alkuime
Download or read book Innovative Assessment Tests and Indicators for Performance-based Asphalt Mix Design written by Hamza Alkuime and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asphalt mixes are designed to provide adequate resistance to various distresses including cracking, rutting, and moisture damage. Recently, more efforts are directed towards including performance assessment tests during the design and production of asphalt mixes. Performance-Engineered Mix Design (PEMD) or Balanced Mix Design (BMD) is a new and innovative design approach that incorporates performance assessment tests to optimize the design of asphalt mixes to provide adequate performance. Although transportation agencies are motivated to implement the PEMD approach, several research knowledge gaps and concerns need to be addressed before PEMD successful implementation. This research study aims to advance, develop, and implement performance-engineered design approach and specifications to extend the service life of asphalt pavements.The first phase of this research developed and evaluated a new and innovative monotonic cracking performance indicator called Weibull Cracking Resistance Index (WeibullCRI). The proposed indicator describes the entire load-displacement curve, which overcomes the limitations of the existing performance indicators. First, WeibullCRI was examined using an extensive laboratory evaluation of 16 different asphalt mixes. The results indicated that WeibullCRI was sensitive to variation in binder content and binder PG and the results were in good agreement with the expected cracking resistance based on the composition of the studied mixes. In addition, WeibullCRI had low variability in test results and higher number of various statistical groups. Next, the applicability of WeibullCRI as a unified approach to analyze the results of various monotonic assessment tests was investigated using data generated by other researchers and reported in the literature. The results indicated that WeibullCRI is able to interpret the testing results of various monotonic performance assessment tests (i.e., IDT- intermediate temperature, Semi-Circle Bending [SCB]- intermediate temperature, SCB-low temperature, Disk-Shaped Compact Tension [DCT], and Simple Punching Shear Test [SPST]) and various displacement measurement methods (i.e., actuator vertical displacement and Crack Mouth Opening Displacement [CMOD]). WeibullCRI was also sensitive to variation in test conditions (i.e., specimen notch depth, thickness, and air void content) and mix composition proportions (i.e., binder content, binder grade, aggregate type, NMAS, aging, rejuvenator dosages, and Recycled Asphalt Pavement [RAP] materials).The second phase of this study reviewed and evaluated the current monotonic cracking performance assessment tests and indicators including the developed WeibullCRI used to assess asphalt mix resistance to cracking. In this phase, the testing requirements of various test standards, key publications, concepts, calculation methods, physical meaning, and advantages and disadvantages of various performance indicators were reviewed. Then, the study investigated the validity of the most promising testing standards and indicators. Three testing standards and 12 performance indicators were considered. Several aspects were examined including 1) investigate the fundamental meaning of the variation in the load-displacement curve in terms of the change in mix resistance to cracking, 2) sensitivity of performance indicators to mix compositions, 3) variability in test results, 4) number of various statistical groups, 5) correlation between various performance indicators, 6) direct correlation between laboratory results of monotonic performance tests and indicators with the observed field cracking, and 7) ability to develop PEMD specifications. A comprehensive laboratory investigation was conducted using 33 different asphalt mixes included six Laboratory Mixed-Laboratory Compacted (LMLC) and 10 Plant Mixed-Laboratory Compacted (PMLC) asphalt mixes, and 17 field projects with known cracking performance. The results showed that WeibullCRI calculated from the IDT test to have the lowest test variability, maximum number of Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) groups, and have excellent correlation with cyclic cracking resistance assessment indicators as compared to the other monotonic performance indicators. In addition, the results demonstrated that there was no direct correlation between all monotonic performance indicators and the observed field cracking performance, therefore an alternative approach was proposed, evaluated, and validated to develop performance thresholds for the selected performance indicators. Three pass/fail cracking performance thresholds were proposed for WeibullCRI to distinguish between asphalt mixes with good, fair, and poor cracking resistance using the proposed approach.The third phase of this study focused on the development and evaluation of a new cyclic cracking assessment test called Multi-Stage Semi-circle bending Dynamic (MSSD). The test offers advantages over the available monotonic and dynamic cracking assessment tests and addresses major concerns to implement the PEMD (i.e., performance test validity, complex specimen preparation, and testing time). The developed MSSD test simulates the repeated loading (cyclic) in a reasonable testing time (less than 9 hours per test regardless of mix type), has a fixed loading sequence that works for mixes with different characteristics (e.g., mix composition, percent air void content, thickness, etc.), and utilizes testing equipment and specimen geometry similar to that used in monotonic tests. The laboratory evaluation results showed that the proposed test and its derived performance indicators were sensitive to mix composition and had lower variability compared to other dynamic tests. In addition, the MSSD performance indicators correlated well with the observed cracking performance in the field and were able to distinguish between projects with good and poor resistance to cracking. Based on the evaluation results, three pass/fail cracking performance thresholds were proposed to distinguish between asphalt mixes with good, fair, and poor resistance to cracking.The fourth phase of this research examined the most promising tests and performance indicators to evaluate the resistance of asphalt mixtures to rutting. Two tests (i.e., Hamburg Wheel Tracking test [HWTT], and Asphalt Pavement Analyzer [APA] rut test) and three rutting performance indicators (i.e., HWTT rut depth after 15,000 passes [HWTT15000], HWTT rut depth at 20,000 passes [HWTT20000], and APA rut depth after 8,000 cycles [APA8000]) were considered. An intensive laboratory investigation was conducted that included six LMLC, 10 PMLC, and field cores extracted from 17 field projects. The research findings showed that both HWTT and APA rut test provided similar rutting assessment for the evaluated mixes. The study recommended using the HWTT over the APA rut test since HWTT can be also used to assess the resistance of asphalt mixtures to moisture damage to moisture damage. Also, the study recommended using HWTT15000 over HWTT20000 as a performance indicator since it requires less testing time.The final phase of this research provided recommendations of the best testing standards, performance indicators, and performance specifications to assess asphalt mix resistance to cracking and rutting. In addition, it provided guidelines to demonstrate the use of the proposed tools during the design and/or production of asphalt mixes. It also proposed standards testing procedures for the newly developed WeibullCRI performance indicator and MSSD test.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Conditions for Moisture Damage in Asphalt Concrete and Appropriate Laboratory Test Methods by : Qing Lü
Download or read book Investigation of Conditions for Moisture Damage in Asphalt Concrete and Appropriate Laboratory Test Methods written by Qing Lü and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Highway Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advancement in the Design and Performance of Sustainable Asphalt Pavements by : Louay Mohammad
Download or read book Advancement in the Design and Performance of Sustainable Asphalt Pavements written by Louay Mohammad and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume on “Advancement in the Design and Performance of Sustainable Asphalt Pavements” includes a collection of research and practical papers from an international research and technology activities on Mixture Design Innovation, Structural Pavement Design, Advancement in Production and Construction, Climate Changes and Effects on Infrastructure, Green Energy, Technology and Integration. The volume constitutes an important contribution in view of the urgent need to develop materials, designs, and practices to ensure the sustainability of transportation infrastructure. This volume is part of the proceedings of the 1st GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2017.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Indirect Tensile Test (IDT) Procedures for Low-temperature Performance of Hot Mix Asphalt by : Donald W. Christensen
Download or read book Evaluation of Indirect Tensile Test (IDT) Procedures for Low-temperature Performance of Hot Mix Asphalt written by Donald W. Christensen and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2004 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction and Research Approach -- Findings -- Interpretation, Appraisal, and Applications -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Appendixes.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Moisture Damage in Warm Mix Asphalt Containing Recycled Asphalt Pavement by : Emily Dawn Shrum
Download or read book Evaluation of Moisture Damage in Warm Mix Asphalt Containing Recycled Asphalt Pavement written by Emily Dawn Shrum and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Warm mix asphalt (WMA) has been used worldwide for many years, primarily in Europe. The National Asphalt Pavement Association first brought WMA to the United States in 2002. By using warm mix technology, the temperature of an asphalt mixture during production, transportation, and compaction decreases dramatically. Several concerns about WMA arise due to the reduced mixing temperature. One of the primary concerns in asphalt pavement is the moisture damage. The lower mixing temperature may not be high enough to vaporize all the moisture absorbed in the aggregate, and part of the moisture may be entrapped in the pavements during compaction. This thesis presents a laboratory study to evaluate the moisture susceptibility of warm mix asphalt (WMA) produced through plant foaming procedure. Two types of mixtures were evaluated. A base mixture meeting the state of Tennessee "BM-2" mix criteria was evaluated at 0, 30, 40, and 50 percent fractionated recycled asphalt pavement (RAP), and a surface mixture meeting the state of Tennessee "411-D" mix criteria was evaluated at 15, 20, 30, 40 percent fractionated RAP. WMA mixture specimens were obtained and compacted at the asphalt plant. The WMA specimens were compared to hot-mix asphalt (HMA) specimens through a set of laboratory mixture performance tests. In addition to traditional AASHTO T283 freeze and thaw (F-T) tensile strength ratio (TSR), Superpave indirect tensile test (IDT) with F-T and MIST conditioning, and Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA) Hamburg wheel tracking tests were utilized to evaluate asphalt mixtures. Moisture tests indicated that with the higher inclusions of RAP, specimens exhibited lower rut depths and higher tensile strength retention. Tensile strength ratio tests indicated that HMA specimens had higher tensile strength retention when freeze thaw conditioned. Dynamic modulus conditioned specimens indicated that simple performance tests can show the difference between conditioned and unconditioned specimens. HMA specimens showed lower susceptibility to moisture compared to WMA specimens for both BM-2 and 411-D mixtures. The higher percentages of RAP in WMA and HMA in both BM-2 and 411-D mixtures showed a reduction to moisture susceptibility.
Book Synopsis Development and Evaluation of Test Procedures to Identify Moisture Damage Prone Hot Mix Asphalt Pavements [electronic Resource] by : Andrea Nicole Kvasnak
Download or read book Development and Evaluation of Test Procedures to Identify Moisture Damage Prone Hot Mix Asphalt Pavements [electronic Resource] written by Andrea Nicole Kvasnak and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Laboratory Evaluation and Digital Image Processing Techniques in Determining Moisture Susceptibility of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixtures by : Babatunde Joseph Onase
Download or read book Laboratory Evaluation and Digital Image Processing Techniques in Determining Moisture Susceptibility of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixtures written by Babatunde Joseph Onase and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About 90% of all roads and highways in the United States (U.S.) are built with Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Due to growing demand, a shortage of aggregate, and a lack of binder supplies, Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) has emerged as a critical component in HMA. RAP is used in asphalt pavement for various reasons, but the two most crucial reasons are economic savings and environmental advantages. Moisture damage, which is also called moisture susceptibility or moisture sensitivity, can be caused by the amount, quality, and type of materials in the asphalt mixture, as well as by environmental factors, construction details, and pavement design elements. Moisture damage causes the stripping of asphalt binder from the surface of the aggregate. Stripping impairs pavement performance and frequently leads to unanticipated increases in maintenance budgets. Several laboratory procedures have been developed to measure the moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixtures, some of which rely on subjective visual evaluation. Setting a pass/fail standard for these subjective tests can be challenging. This study first compares laboratory test results for HMA mixtures with varying amounts of RAP content using the Indirect Tensile Strength test (AASHTO T 283), Boil Test (ASTM D3625), and Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test (AASHTO T 324). Subsequently, digital image analysis using Python programming language and colorimeter readings were taken on laboratory test specimens to quantify the amount of stripping. Mixtures with higher amounts of RAP were found to be more moisture susceptible. Strong correlations were found between the image analysis test results, colorimeter readings, and laboratory test results.
Book Synopsis Asphalt Mixtures and Asphalt Chemistry by :
Download or read book Asphalt Mixtures and Asphalt Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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